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Evidence suggests Ketogenic Diet maydecreaseLean body mass.
143 studies (201 claims)
Moderate consensus
Typical effective dose 140000 (140000–140000) mgacross 1 dosed study
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-day high-carbohydrate diet (≥75% of total calories) | Increases - significant increase | appendicular lean body mass (LBM) | Human | Twenty non-obese young men (age 22.7 ± 2.6 years, BMI 23.5 ± 2.1 kg/m(2)) | 83.7 ± 8.4% of total calories from carbohydrates. | Effect of an Acute High Carbohydrate Diet on Body Composition Using DXA in Young Men.cited 23× |
| 3-day high-carbohydrate diet (≥75% of total calories) | No effect - No significant difference | central lean body mass (LBM) | Human | Twenty non-obese young men (age 22.7 ± 2.6 years, BMI 23.5 ± 2.1 kg/m(2)) | 83.7 ± 8.4% of total calories from carbohydrates. | Effect of an Acute High Carbohydrate Diet on Body Composition Using DXA in Young Men.cited 23× |
| 3-day high-carbohydrate diet (≥75% of total calories) | Increases - significant increase | total lean body mass (LBM) | Human | Twenty non-obese young men (age 22.7 ± 2.6 years, BMI 23.5 ± 2.1 kg/m(2)) | 83.7 ± 8.4% of total calories from carbohydrates. | Effect of an Acute High Carbohydrate Diet on Body Composition Using DXA in Young Men.cited 23× |
| diet regimen | Decreases - highly statistically significant decrease | body mass index (BMI) | Human | postmenopausal obese women | LA treatment for 30 minutes, three times a week. | The effects of laser acupuncture on metabolic syndrome in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. |
| a protein-controlled diet supplemented with aminoacids and ketoanalogues | No effect - did not change significantly | Body mass index | Human | adult patients with CKD stages 3b and 4 | 0.4-0.6 g/kg/day protein, 30-35 kcal/kg/day, plus 11.87 tablets/day of Ketosteril® (approximately 1 tablet per 5 kg body weight). | [Progression of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease on a low-protein diet supplemented with aminoacids and ketoanalogues].cited 1× |
| hypocaloric diet plus resistance training | Decreases - reduced | body mass | Human | older adults with dynapenic obesity | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of a Hypocaloric Diet Plus Resistance Training with and Without Amino Acids in Older Participants with Dynapenic Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. |
| hypocaloric diet plus resistance training | Increases - improved | isometric torque for body mass | Human | older adults with dynapenic obesity | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of a Hypocaloric Diet Plus Resistance Training with and Without Amino Acids in Older Participants with Dynapenic Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. |
| hypocaloric diet plus resistance training with essential amino acids | Decreases - reduced | body mass | Human | older adults with dynapenic obesity | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of a Hypocaloric Diet Plus Resistance Training with and Without Amino Acids in Older Participants with Dynapenic Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. |
| hypocaloric diet plus resistance training with essential amino acids | Increases - improved | isometric torque for body mass | Human | older adults with dynapenic obesity | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of a Hypocaloric Diet Plus Resistance Training with and Without Amino Acids in Older Participants with Dynapenic Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. |
| fat-restricted low-glycemic index diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | body mass index | Human | overweight/obese Southwest Chinese individuals | Daily energy intake reduced by 300-500 kcal, with low-glycemic index carbohydrate-energy ratio <45% and fat-energy ratio 25-30%. | Fat-restricted low-glycemic index diet controls weight and improves blood lipid profile: A pilot study among overweight and obese adults in Southwest China.cited 1× |
| diet therapy and coconut oil intake | Decreases - decreased significantly | body mass index (BMI) level | Human | overweight individuals | 20 mL of coconut oil per day. | The effect of coconut oil on anthropometric measurements and irisin levels in overweight individuals. |
| hypocaloric Mediterranean diet | Decreases - were decreased | body mass | Human | overweight, sedentary, young participants | Not specified (hypocaloric -700 kcal/day for all diets). | Comparison of short-term hypocaloric high-protein diets with a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet: Effect on body composition and health-related blood markers in overweight and sedentary young participants.cited 15× |
| high-protein diet | Decreases - were decreased | body mass | Human | overweight, sedentary, young participants | Not specified (hypocaloric -700 kcal/day for all diets). | Comparison of short-term hypocaloric high-protein diets with a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet: Effect on body composition and health-related blood markers in overweight and sedentary young participants.cited 15× |
| high-protein diet including a high-protein drink consumed immediately after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) | Decreases - experienced a decrease | body mass index | Human | obese middle-aged individuals | Daily protein intake of 1.6g/kg, with a high-protein drink consumed immediately after HIIT. | High-protein diet with immediate post-exercise protein drink: Impact on appetite in middle-aged obesity.cited 1× |
| low-gluten or gluten-free diet | No effect - no difference between the interventions | body mass index (BMI) | Human | adults from the general population, including those at increased risk for CVD | Lowest gluten intake ranged from 0.0 g/day to 3.4 g/day; highest intake ranged from 6.2 g/day to 38.4 g/day. | Effects of a gluten-reduced or gluten-free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.cited 12× |
| pomegranate peel extract (PP) supplementation with a weight-loss diet | Decreases - changed | body mass index | Human | NAFLD patients | 1500 mg pomegranate peel capsules daily. | Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract ameliorates metabolic syndrome risk factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.cited 12× |
| high protein and low glycemic index (GI) diet | No effect - preserved | lean body mass | Human | non-obese, untrained patients with asthma | Not specified (ad libitum high-protein, low-GI diet). | The efficacy of a high protein/low glycemic index diet intervention in non-obese patients with asthma.cited 3× |
| enriched-monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index | Human | all patients | Not specified | [Influence of rs670 variant of APOA1 gene on serum HDL response to an enriched-polyunsaturated vs. an enriched-monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet].cited 2× |
| enriched-polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index | Human | all patients | Not specified | [Influence of rs670 variant of APOA1 gene on serum HDL response to an enriched-polyunsaturated vs. an enriched-monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet].cited 2× |
| 12-week hypocaloric ketogenic diet (KD) | Decreases - led to more pronounced improvements | body mass | Human | obese females | Less than 30 g of carbohydrates, approximately 60 g of protein, and 140 g of fat per day (80% unsaturated and 20% saturated fat). | Effects of a 12 Week Ketogenic Diet Intervention on Obese and Overweight Females with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disturbance.cited 2× |
| 12-week hypocaloric ketogenic diet (KD) | Decreases - significantly reduced | body mass (BM) | Human | all participants | Less than 30 g of carbohydrates, approximately 60 g of protein, and 140 g of fat per day (80% unsaturated and 20% saturated fat). | Effects of a 12 Week Ketogenic Diet Intervention on Obese and Overweight Females with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disturbance.cited 2× |
| HP diet | Increases - increased | percent lean body mass | Human | pre-diabetes women and men | 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 30% fat (daily dietary composition). | Remission of pre-diabetes to normal glucose tolerance in obese adults with high protein versus high carbohydrate diet: randomized control trial.cited 40× |
| standard diet with eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched supplementation for 7 days before surgery and for 21 days after surgery | No effect | loss of lean body mass at 1 and 3 months after surgery | Human | patients undergoing total gastrectomy for gastric cancer | Not specified (standard diet with eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched supplementation for 7 days before and 21 days after surgery). | A Phase III trial to evaluate the effect of perioperative nutrition enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid on body weight loss after total gastrectomy for T2-T4a gastric cancer.cited 10× |
| low protein diet (LPD) | Decreases - reduction | body mass index (BMI) | Human | non-dialysis CKD patients | 0.6g/kg/day of protein. | Effects of Low-Protein Diet on lipid and anthropometric profiles of patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative management.cited 6× |
| soy diet | No effect - demonstrated no substantial impact on | body mass index | Human | patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Not specified | Soy diet for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 5× |
| lower-protein control diet (1.2 g · kg(-1) · d(-1)) combined with resistance exercise training and high-intensity interval training | Increases - increased | lean body mass (LBM) | Human | young men | — | Higher compared with lower dietary protein during an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater lean mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial.cited 152× |
| higher-protein diet (2.4 g · kg(-1) · d(-1)) combined with resistance exercise training and high-intensity interval training | Increases - increased | lean body mass (LBM) | Human | young men | — | Higher compared with lower dietary protein during an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater lean mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial.cited 152× |
| hypoenergetic diet and exercise training intervention | No effect - associated with | lean body mass (LBM) | Human | young men | — | Higher compared with lower dietary protein during an energy deficit combined with intense exercise promotes greater lean mass gain and fat mass loss: a randomized trial.cited 152× |
| low protein diet (LPD) alone | Decreases - decrease | body mass indices | Human | non-diabetic CKD 3b-4 stage patients | 0.6 g/kg of body weight/day (LPD). | Effect of essential amino acid кetoanalogues and protein restriction diet on morphogenetic proteins (FGF-23 and Кlotho) in 3b-4 stages chronic кidney disease patients: a randomized pilot study.cited 28× |
| low protein diet (LPD) alone | Decreases - decrease | muscle body mass | Human | men | 0.6 g/kg of body weight/day (LPD). | Effect of essential amino acid кetoanalogues and protein restriction diet on morphogenetic proteins (FGF-23 and Кlotho) in 3b-4 stages chronic кidney disease patients: a randomized pilot study.cited 28× |
| low protein diet (LPD) alone | Decreases - decrease | muscle body mass | Human | woman | 0.6 g/kg of body weight/day (LPD). | Effect of essential amino acid кetoanalogues and protein restriction diet on morphogenetic proteins (FGF-23 and Кlotho) in 3b-4 stages chronic кidney disease patients: a randomized pilot study.cited 28× |
| MEDi-POB diet | Decreases - slightly decreased | body mass index | Human | Korean patients with stage 3-4 CKD | Home-delivered meals twice daily, 5 days a week. | Safety and impact of the Mediterranean diet in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot randomized crossover trial.cited 2× |
| daily diet with 25% daily calorie of protein (high-protein group, HPG) | Decreases - significantly reduced | body mass index | Human | community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults | 25% of daily calories from protein (high-protein group) vs. 15% (regular-protein group), delivered via 10 frozen meals per week. | Protein-enriched diet improved muscle endurance and marginally reduced intramuscular adiposity: Results from a randomized controlled trial among middle-aged and older adults.cited 13× |
| daily diet with 15% daily calorie of protein (regular-protein group, RPG) | Decreases - significantly reduced | body mass index | Human | community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults | 25% of daily calories from protein (high-protein group) vs. 15% (regular-protein group), delivered via 10 frozen meals per week. | Protein-enriched diet improved muscle endurance and marginally reduced intramuscular adiposity: Results from a randomized controlled trial among middle-aged and older adults.cited 13× |
| family intervention with a Brazilian-adapted Planetary Healthy Diet (PHD) and reduced portion sizes, along with increased physical activity and reduced sedentary behavior | No effect - will be the variation in | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Human | children | Not specified | A multicomponent family intervention, combined with salt reduction for children with obesity: a factorial randomized study protocol.cited 1× |
| home-delivered diet | Decreases - had a greater reduction | Body Mass Index values | Human | overweight and obese women | Dietary plan composition: 55-60% carbohydrates, 15-20% protein, 25-30% fat. | Which is the best diet to reduce cardiometabolic risk: dietary counseling or home-delivered diet? |
| probiotics combined with metformin and a calorie-restricted diet | Decreases - significant reduction | body mass index (BMI) | Human | obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | Not specified | Efficacy of probiotics combined with metformin and a calorie-restricted diet in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. |
| metformin and a calorie-restricted diet | Decreases - significant reduction | body mass index (BMI) | Human | obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | Not specified | Efficacy of probiotics combined with metformin and a calorie-restricted diet in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. |
| 6-week ketogenic diet | Decreases - decreased | mean body mass index | Human | women with overweight/obesity | Not specified | Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Microbiota Composition and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Women with Overweight/Obesity. |
| hypocaloric diet combined with supervised aerobic exercise 2 days/week | Decreases - significant reduction | body mass | Human | overweight/obese, sedentary participants with hypertension | — | Effects of different aerobic exercise programmes with nutritional intervention in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and hypertension: EXERDIET-HTA study.cited 62× |
| high-volume MICT with hypocaloric diet | Decreases - reduced | body mass | Human | overweight/obese, sedentary participants with hypertension | — | Effects of different aerobic exercise programmes with nutritional intervention in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and hypertension: EXERDIET-HTA study.cited 62× |
| high-volume HIIT with hypocaloric diet | Decreases - reduced | body mass | Human | overweight/obese, sedentary participants with hypertension | — | Effects of different aerobic exercise programmes with nutritional intervention in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and hypertension: EXERDIET-HTA study.cited 62× |
| high-volume HIIT with hypocaloric diet | Decreases - better for reducing | body mass | Human | overweight/obese, sedentary participants with hypertension | — | Effects of different aerobic exercise programmes with nutritional intervention in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and hypertension: EXERDIET-HTA study.cited 62× |
| low-volume HIIT with hypocaloric diet | Decreases - reduced | body mass | Human | overweight/obese, sedentary participants with hypertension | — | Effects of different aerobic exercise programmes with nutritional intervention in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and hypertension: EXERDIET-HTA study.cited 62× |
| attention control group (physical activity recommendations) with hypocaloric diet | Decreases - significantly less reduced | body mass | Human | overweight/obese, sedentary participants with hypertension | — | Effects of different aerobic exercise programmes with nutritional intervention in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and hypertension: EXERDIET-HTA study.cited 62× |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - displayed increased | body mass | AnimalMolecular | C57BL/6j mice | Not specified | Fish Oil Supplementation Mitigates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity: Exploring Epigenetic Modulation and Genes Associated with Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Mice.cited 5× |
| high-fat diet | Increases - A significant increase | body mass | Animal | Wistar rats | Not specified | A histomorphometric study on the hepatoprotective effects of a green rooibos extract in a diet-induced obese rat model.cited 13× |
| high-fat (HF) diet | Increases - induced | body mass gain | Animal | C57BL/6 mice | — | Beneficial effects of losartan or telmisartan on the local hepatic renin-angiotensin system to counter obesity in an experimental model. |
| high-fat diet | Increases - increased | body mass index (BMI) | Animal | OB rats | 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg daily | Ameliorating effects of fennel and cumin extracts on sperm quality and spermatogenic cells apoptosis by inducing weight loss and reducing leptin concentration in diet-induced obese rats.cited 14× |
| high fat diet (HFD) | Increases - significant increase | body mass index (BMI) | Animal | male Sprague Dawley rats | — | Effect of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of Persea americana Mill. on high fat diet induced obesity: A dose response study in rats. |
| High fat diet (HFD) (20 g/day) | Increases - resulted in a significant increase | body mass index | Animal | Wistar rats | 200 mg/kg orally per day | Evaluation of antiobesity and cardioprotective effect of Gymnema sylvestre extract in murine model.cited 23× |
| high-fat diet | Increases - there was an increase | body weight and body mass index | Animal | Group 2 (rats) | Not specified. | Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus administration to anorexigenic neuropeptides and some biochemical parameters on rats fed with a high-fat diet.cited 2× |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - had | high body mass index (BMI) | Animal | rats | 10mg/kg orally. | Enhancement of biochemical and genomic pathways through lycopene-loaded nano-liposomes: Alleviating insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and autophagy in obese rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Involvement of SMO, GLI-1, and PTCH-1 genes.cited 11× |
| MED-diet with HIIT | Decreases - reduced | body mass | Human | men receiving ADT | HIIT protocol: 4 × 4 min at 85−95% heart rate peak, 3 times per week (starting at 12 weeks). | Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern with High Intensity Interval Training in Men with Prostate Cancer Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Pilot Randomised Control Trial.cited 11× |
| 1500-kcal calorie-restriction diet (CR) | Decreases - reductions | body mass index (BMI) | Human | female MetS patients | Not specified | A calorie-restriction diet supplemented with fish oil and high-protein powder is associated with reduced severity of metabolic syndrome in obese women.cited 27× |
| calorie-restriction diet with fish oil supplementation (CRF) | Decreases - decreased significantly | body mass index (BMI) | Human | female MetS patients | Not specified | A calorie-restriction diet supplemented with fish oil and high-protein powder is associated with reduced severity of metabolic syndrome in obese women.cited 27× |
| calorie-restriction meal-replacement diet with fish oil supplementation (CRMRF) | Decreases - decreased significantly | body mass index (BMI) | Human | female MetS patients | Not specified | A calorie-restriction diet supplemented with fish oil and high-protein powder is associated with reduced severity of metabolic syndrome in obese women.cited 27× |
| calorie-restriction meal-replacement diet (CRMR) | Decreases - decreased significantly | body mass index (BMI) | Human | female MetS patients | Not specified | A calorie-restriction diet supplemented with fish oil and high-protein powder is associated with reduced severity of metabolic syndrome in obese women.cited 27× |
| very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) (Pnk® method) | Decreases - A significant reduction was observed | body mass index (BMI) | Human | patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) without a reduction of 50% in body weight excess or any weight regain after the surgery | 600-800 kcal/day, low in carbohydrates and lipids (Pnk® method). | Effectiveness and Safety of a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Weight Regain Following Bariatric Surgery.cited 11× |
| LoGIx diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass | Human | adults with the metabolic syndrome | Not specified (dietary intervention only, no dosage mentioned). | Exercise training with weight loss and either a high- or low-glycemic index diet reduces metabolic syndrome severity in older adults.cited 40× |
| HiGIx diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass | Human | adults with the metabolic syndrome | Not specified (dietary intervention only, no dosage mentioned). | Exercise training with weight loss and either a high- or low-glycemic index diet reduces metabolic syndrome severity in older adults.cited 40× |
| modified fasting diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | body mass index | Human | morbidly obese patients | Not Assessed | Bacterial DNA translocation holds increased insulin resistance and systemic inflammatory levels in morbid obese patients.cited 26× |
| healthy nutritional recommendation (HNR)-based diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | body mass index | Human | overweight or obese and sexually mature girls less than 18 years of age | Macronutrient distribution was equivalently prescribed in both groups (specific amounts not detailed). | The effect of low glycemic index diet on body weight status and blood pressure in overweight adolescent girls: a randomized clinical trial.cited 16× |
| low glycemic index (LGI) diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | body mass index | Human | overweight or obese and sexually mature girls less than 18 years of age | Macronutrient distribution was equivalently prescribed in both groups (specific amounts not detailed). | The effect of low glycemic index diet on body weight status and blood pressure in overweight adolescent girls: a randomized clinical trial.cited 16× |
| low-calorie lacto-ovo vegetarian diet | Decreases - similar results | body mass index | Human | overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile | Not specified (low-calorie diets). | Low-Calorie Vegetarian Versus Mediterranean Diets for Reducing Body Weight and Improving Cardiovascular Risk Profile: CARDIVEG Study (Cardiovascular Prevention With Vegetarian Diet).cited 132× |
| low-calorie lacto-ovo vegetarian diet | Decreases - effective in reducing | body mass index | Human | overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile | Not specified (low-calorie diets). | Low-Calorie Vegetarian Versus Mediterranean Diets for Reducing Body Weight and Improving Cardiovascular Risk Profile: CARDIVEG Study (Cardiovascular Prevention With Vegetarian Diet).cited 132× |
| two-week fish-based restrictive ketogenic diet enriched with fish and omega-3 fatty acids | Decreases - significant reductions | total body mass | Human | healthy adults | Calorie reduction of -500 kcal/day with a ketogenic diet enriched with fish and omega-3 fatty acids. | Impact of a Fish-Based Restrictive Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Strength Capacity: A Pre-Post Study. |
| vegetarian diet combined with aerobic exercise intervention | Decreases - mean difference | body mass index | Human | — | Not specified | Effects of a vegetarian diet combined with aerobic exercise on glycemic control, insulin resistance, and body composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 5× |
| ginger plus an anti-inflammatory diet | Decreases - significantly decreased | body mass index | Human | children with obesity aged 8-11 years | AID included fruits, vegetables, fish, lean meats, omega-3 sources, nuts, legumes, and probiotic products, with elimination of inflammatory foods. Ginger dosage was 1000 mg/day. | Combination of the effect of ginger and anti-inflammatory diet on children with obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial.cited 6× |
| 12-week proprietary very low calorie diet (VLCD) treatment (Optifast) | Decreases - exhibited a significant loss | total body mass (TBM) | Human | morbidly obese patients | Not specified | Resistance training during a 12-week protein supplemented VLCD treatment enhances weight-loss outcomes in obese patients.cited 15× |
| 12-week proprietary very low calorie diet (VLCD) treatment (Optifast) with resistance training | Decreases - exhibited a significant loss | total body mass (TBM) | Human | morbidly obese patients | Not specified | Resistance training during a 12-week protein supplemented VLCD treatment enhances weight-loss outcomes in obese patients.cited 15× |
| normocaloric MUFAs-rich diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index (BMI) | Human | women with obesity | 15-20% of total energy expenditure (TEE). | Monounsaturated fat-rich diet reduces body adiposity in women with obesity, but does not influence energy expenditure and substrate oxidation: a parallel randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 2× |
| controlled weight-loss diet containing either WG or RG products | Decreases - decreased | body mass index | Human | overweight and obese individuals with increased waist circumference and one or more other MetS criteria | Not specified | Effects of whole and refined grains in a weight-loss diet on markers of metabolic syndrome in individuals with increased waist circumference: a randomized controlled-feeding trial.cited 54× |
| short-term high-protein diet intervention | Decreases - was statistically significant | body mass index | Human | overweight and obese children | Not specified | [Effects of high protein diet on anthropometric indices and blood lipid in overweight and obese children: a Meta-analysis].cited 3× |
| high-protein diet | No effect - were not significantly different | body mass index | Human | overweight and obese children | Not specified | [Effects of high protein diet on anthropometric indices and blood lipid in overweight and obese children: a Meta-analysis].cited 3× |
| high-protein diet | No effect - were not significantly different | body mass index Z-scores | Human | overweight and obese children | Not specified | [Effects of high protein diet on anthropometric indices and blood lipid in overweight and obese children: a Meta-analysis].cited 3× |
| a modified ketogenic diet | Decreases - fell | mean body mass index | Human | participants completing the intervention | Not specified (modified ketogenic diet). | A pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder: clinical, metabolic and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings.cited 1× |
| fructose diet | Decreases - lower | lean body mass | Animal | male Sprague Dawley rats | 1 g · kg(-1) · d(-1) | Citrulline and Nonessential Amino Acids Prevent Fructose-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats.cited 29× |
| hypocaloric diet and control drink consumption (CR) | Decreases - favorably modulated | body mass index (BMI) | Human | obese women | Not specified (consumed as a breakfast substitute). | Meal replacement based on Human Ration modulates metabolic risk factors during body weight loss: a randomized controlled trial.cited 10× |
| hypocaloric diet and drink containing 'Human Ration' (HR) consumption (CRHR) | Decreases - favorably modulated | body mass index (BMI) | Human | obese women | Not specified (consumed as a breakfast substitute). | Meal replacement based on Human Ration modulates metabolic risk factors during body weight loss: a randomized controlled trial.cited 10× |
| modified Atkins ketogenic diet (MAD) | Decreases - significantly reduced | body mass index | Human | episodic or chronic drug-resistant migraine patients | Not specified | The Long-Term Treatment of Drug-Resistant Migraine with the Modified Atkins Ketogenic Diet: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study.cited 1× |
| 3-day low-carbohydrate (LC) diet | Decreases - significant decreases | body mass | Human | LC group | Less than 50 grams/day of carbohydrates for the low-carbohydrate group. | Reliability of BOD POD Measurements Remains High After a Short-Duration Low-Carbohydrate Diet. |
| 3-day low-carbohydrate (LC) diet | No effect - no differences | lean body mass | Human | LC group | Less than 50 grams/day of carbohydrates for the low-carbohydrate group. | Reliability of BOD POD Measurements Remains High After a Short-Duration Low-Carbohydrate Diet. |
| control (CON) diet | No effect - no differences | lean body mass | Human | CON group | Less than 50 grams/day of carbohydrates for the low-carbohydrate group. | Reliability of BOD POD Measurements Remains High After a Short-Duration Low-Carbohydrate Diet. |
| daily synbiotics capsule plus anti-inflammatory-antioxidant rich diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | body mass index | Human | patients with progressive forms of MS | Daily synbiotics capsule plus anti-inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet (specific dosage not detailed). | Effects of anti-Inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet and co-supplemented synbiotics intervention in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: a single-center, single-blind randomized clinical trial.cited 11× |
| sumac capsules (3 g/day) with a balanced diet | Decreases - significant decrease | body mass index | Human | overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | 3 g/day (capsule form). | The efficacy of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) powder supplementation in biochemical and anthropometric measurements in overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. |
| nutritional education based on a healthy diet | Decreases - significant weight loss | body mass index (BMI) | Human | overweight and obese patients | Not specified | [Effect of healthy eating before intervention with a low FODMAP diet in pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome].cited 3× |
| whole-food plant-based diet (PBD) | Decreases - resulted in a significant decrease in | body mass index | Human | participants with cardiovascular risk factors | Not specified (dietary intervention included eight 90-minute group meetings and two 120-minute cooking sessions). | Does a Plant-Based Diet Stand Out for Its Favorable Composition for Heart Health? Dietary Intake Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 19× |
| 3-week body mass reduction program based on a calorie-restricted diet and physical activity | Decreases - Significant decreases in | weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), visceral fat mass (VFM), and total body water (TBW%) | Human | obese subjects (BMI > 30 kg/m2), aged 25-70 years | 20 mL/d of ASO. | Comparison of the effect of rapeseed oil or amaranth seed oil supplementation on weight loss, body composition, and changes in the metabolic profile of obese patients following 3-week body mass reduction program: a randomized clinical trial.cited 7× |
| Diet over the time period of observation | No effect - No major changes | body mass index (BMI) | Human | subjects from Castellana Grotte, Apulia | Not specified | Traditional Old Dietary Pattern of Castellana Grotte (Apulia) Is Associated with Healthy Outcomes.cited 10× |
| very-low-fat, plant-based diet | Decreases - mean monthly reductions | body mass index (BMI) | Human | diet group | Total fat intake averaged ~15% of total calories. | Low-fat, plant-based diet in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial.cited 105× |
| 8-weeks of supplementation with a daily intake of 120 mg of NOPE and 105 mg of EGCG in conjunction with a low caloric diet and regular, moderate exercise | No effect - No differences between groups | body mass | Human | healthy, overweight adults | 105 mg of EGCG daily. | The effect of a dietary supplement (N-oleyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine and epigallocatechin gallate) on dietary compliance and body fat loss in adults who are overweight: a double-blind, randomized control trial.cited 18× |
| low-glycemic index (GI) diet | Decreases - decreased more | body mass index (BMI) | Human | obese but otherwise healthy children | Not specified | A low-glycemic index diet in the treatment of pediatric obesity.cited 180× |
| reduced-fat diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index (BMI) | Human | obese but otherwise healthy children | Not specified | A low-glycemic index diet in the treatment of pediatric obesity.cited 180× |
| whole-grain diet | No effect - no significant differences | body mass index | Human | obese participants | Not specified | Association of branched chain fatty acids with cardiometabolic disorders in humans: a systematic review.cited 13× |
| fruit-vegetable diet | No effect - no significant differences | body mass index | Human | obese participants | Not specified | Association of branched chain fatty acids with cardiometabolic disorders in humans: a systematic review.cited 13× |
| modified plant-based Mediterranean diet ("vegeterranean" diet) | No effect - efficacy will be determined by assessment | lean body mass | Human | men and women ≥65 years of age with type 2 diabetes, and low levels of physical activity | Not specified for dairy (diet involved limited consumption). | The effect of circuit resistance training, empagliflozin or "vegeterranean diet" on physical and metabolic function in older subjects with type 2 diabetes: a study protocol for a randomized control trial (CEV-65 trial).cited 15× |
| Western diet | Increases - significantly increased | body mass index | Animal | obese female Wistar rats | 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg body weight | Lycopene alleviates Western diet-induced elevations in anthropometrical indices of obesity, adipose lipids, and other nutritional parameters.cited 1× |
| control diet + exercise in hypoxia | Decreases - decreased | body mass index | Human | older T2DM patients | Not specified. | Eight Weeks of Intermittent Exercise in Hypoxia, with or without a Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Improves Bone Mass and Functional and Physiological Capacity in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.cited 5× |
| control diet + exercise in normoxia | Decreases - decreased | body mass index | Human | older T2DM patients | Not specified. | Eight Weeks of Intermittent Exercise in Hypoxia, with or without a Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Improves Bone Mass and Functional and Physiological Capacity in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.cited 5× |
| low-carbohydrate diet + exercise in hypoxia | Decreases - decreased | body mass index | Human | older T2DM patients | Not specified. | Eight Weeks of Intermittent Exercise in Hypoxia, with or without a Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Improves Bone Mass and Functional and Physiological Capacity in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.cited 5× |
| DGA-based diet | No effect - did not change | body mass | Human | MetS persons | 17.5 g/day resistant starch from potatoes. | Daily Inclusion of Resistant Starch-Containing Potatoes in a Dietary Guidelines for Americans Dietary Pattern Does Not Adversely Affect Cardiometabolic Risk or Intestinal Permeability in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 9× |
| high protein diet | Decreases - significantly decreased | body mass index | Human | insulin treated type-2 diabetic patients | Not specified | Feasibility and efficacy of an isocaloric high-protein vs. standard diet on insulin requirement, body weight and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy.cited 39× |
| high-protein diet | No effect - had no effect | lean body mass | Human | exercise-trained women | Control: 1.5±0.3 g/kg/d; High-protein: 2.8±1.1 g/kg/d | High protein consumption in trained women: bad to the bone?cited 14× |
| high-protein (HP) diet | Increases - was higher | lean body mass (LBM) | Human | NWO women | 25% of total energy intake from protein (high-protein group) vs. 15% (standard protein group). | The effect of 12 weeks of euenergetic high-protein diet in regulating appetite and body composition of women with normal-weight obesity: a randomised controlled trial.cited 17× |
| standard protein (SP) diet | No effect - no significant changes | lean body mass (LBM) | Human | NWO women | 25% of total energy intake from protein (high-protein group) vs. 15% (standard protein group). | The effect of 12 weeks of euenergetic high-protein diet in regulating appetite and body composition of women with normal-weight obesity: a randomised controlled trial.cited 17× |
| High protein diet (HDP) | Increases - promotes improvement | lean body mass | Human | elderly without cancer | HPD defined as ≥1.5 g/kg/day, with an average intake of 2.2 ± 0.8 g/kg/day. | High protein diet improves the overall survival in older adults with advanced gastrointestinal cancer.cited 14× |
| High Protein Diet (HPD) | Increases - better retain | lean body mass | Human | overweight/obese patients with PCOS | Not specified | A Randomized Trial of the Efficacy of Three Weight Loss Diet Interventions in Overweight/Obese with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.cited 4× |
| High Protein and High Dietary Fiber Diet (HPD+HDF) | Increases - better retain | lean body mass | Human | overweight/obese patients with PCOS | Not specified | A Randomized Trial of the Efficacy of Three Weight Loss Diet Interventions in Overweight/Obese with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.cited 4× |
| high-protein (PRO) diet | No effect - maintained | lean body mass | Human | participants diagnosed with LC-FAODs | Not specified | Higher dietary protein intake preserves lean body mass, lowers liver lipid deposition, and maintains metabolic control in participants with long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders.cited 8× |
| high-protein and low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index (BMI) | Human | white obese patients | Not specified | The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus rs1501299 on metabolic parameters after 9 mo of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet.cited 11× |
| standard severe hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index (BMI) | Human | white obese patients | Not specified | The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus rs1501299 on metabolic parameters after 9 mo of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet.cited 11× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Decreases - show reduction in | body mass index | Human | participants with obesity | Carbohydrate intake ranged from 7-27% of daily energy | Ketogenic Diet Intervention for Obesity Weight-Loss- A Narrative Review, Challenges, and Open Questions. |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Decreases - minor decreases in | lean body mass | Human | — | Carbohydrate intake ranged from 7-27% of daily energy | Ketogenic Diet Intervention for Obesity Weight-Loss- A Narrative Review, Challenges, and Open Questions. |
| standardized weight-loss diet without advice to increase water intake | Decreases - change | 6-month change in body mass index z score | Human | adolescents with overweight or obesity | Advice to increase water intake to 8 cups per day (intervention group). | Effects of Advice to Drink 8 Cups of Water per Day in Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 18× |
| gluten-free diet | Increases - is associated with increased | body mass index | Human | — | Not specified | A gluten-free diet for endometriosis patients lacks evidence to recommend it.cited 2× |
| gluten-free diet | Increases - increase | body mass index | Human | patients with celiac disease | Not Assessed | Effect of the gluten-free diet on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with coeliac disease: A systematic review.cited 55× |
| gluten-free diet (GFD) | No effect - has no significant effect | body mass index | Human | patients with and without celiac disease (CD) | Not specified | Impact of Gluten-free Diet on Anthropometric Indicators in Individuals With and Without Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 3× |
| gluten-free diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | body mass index | Human | patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis | Not specified | Evaluation of the effect of gluten-free diet and Mediterranean diet on autoimmune system in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.cited 6× |
| Mediterranean gluten-free diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | body mass index | Human | patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis | Not specified | Evaluation of the effect of gluten-free diet and Mediterranean diet on autoimmune system in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.cited 6× |
| Mediterranean diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | body mass index | Human | patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis | Not specified | Evaluation of the effect of gluten-free diet and Mediterranean diet on autoimmune system in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.cited 6× |
| gluten-free diet | No effect - variations | body mass index | Human | patients with axial spondyloarthritis | Experimental arm: ≥6 gluten-free breads/day + 200g gluten-free penne pasta/week + 6 rice flavor capsules/day. Control arm: ≥6 gluten-containing breads/day + 200g gluten-containing penne pasta/week + 6 vital gluten-containing capsules/day. | GlutenSpA trial: protocol for a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the impact of a gluten-free diet on quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.cited 10× |
| gluten-free diet | No effect - associated with | body mass index changes | Human | patients with celiac disease | Not specified | The Effect of Gluten-Free Diet Duration on Body Mass Index of Iranian Patients with Celiac Disease.cited 2× |
| low-fat diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index (BMI) | Human | wild-type group (G1359G) | Not specified | Role of G1359A polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene on weight loss and adipocytokines levels after two different hypocaloric diets.cited 5× |
| low-fat diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index (BMI) | Human | mutant-type group (G1359A or A1359A) | Not specified | Role of G1359A polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene on weight loss and adipocytokines levels after two different hypocaloric diets.cited 5× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index (BMI) | Human | wild-type group (G1359G) | Not specified | Role of G1359A polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene on weight loss and adipocytokines levels after two different hypocaloric diets.cited 5× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index (BMI) | Human | mutant-type group (G1359A or A1359A) | Not specified | Role of G1359A polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene on weight loss and adipocytokines levels after two different hypocaloric diets.cited 5× |
| low-fat diet | Decreases - Body mass index also significantly decreased | Body mass index | Human | patients with both T1D and the MS | Not specified | Comparison of a Mediterranean to a low-fat diet intervention in adults with type 1 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: A 6-month randomized trial.cited 20× |
| Mediterranean (MED) diet | Decreases - Body mass index also significantly decreased | Body mass index | Human | patients with both T1D and the MS | Not specified | Comparison of a Mediterranean to a low-fat diet intervention in adults with type 1 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: A 6-month randomized trial.cited 20× |
| low-fat diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | body mass index (BMI) | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Not specified | Changes in intestinal flora in patients with type 2 diabetes on a low-fat diet during 6 months of follow-up.cited 9× |
| low-fat diet | Decreases - reduced significantly | body mass index | Human | individuals with obesity/overweight and NAFLD | Not specified | Effects of low fat diet on inflammatory parameters in individuals with obesity/overweight and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study.cited 2× |
| reduced glycemic load (RGL) diet | Decreases - body mass index z score was lower | body mass index z score | Human | obese children | Weekly dietary counseling and biweekly group exercise. | Role of carbohydrate modification in weight management among obese children: a randomized clinical trial.cited 69× |
| reduced glycemic load (RGL) diet | Decreases - had lower body mass index z scores | body mass index z score | Human | obese children | Weekly dietary counseling and biweekly group exercise. | Role of carbohydrate modification in weight management among obese children: a randomized clinical trial.cited 69× |
| low-CHO (LC) diet | Decreases - had lower body mass index z scores | body mass index z score | Human | obese children | Weekly dietary counseling and biweekly group exercise. | Role of carbohydrate modification in weight management among obese children: a randomized clinical trial.cited 69× |
| low-CHO (LC) diet | Decreases - body mass index z score was lower | body mass index z score | Human | obese children | Weekly dietary counseling and biweekly group exercise. | Role of carbohydrate modification in weight management among obese children: a randomized clinical trial.cited 69× |
| standard portion-controlled (PC) diet | Decreases - body mass index z score was lower | body mass index z score | Human | obese children | Weekly dietary counseling and biweekly group exercise. | Role of carbohydrate modification in weight management among obese children: a randomized clinical trial.cited 69× |
| standard portion-controlled (PC) diet | Decreases - had lower body mass index z scores | body mass index z score | Human | obese children | Weekly dietary counseling and biweekly group exercise. | Role of carbohydrate modification in weight management among obese children: a randomized clinical trial.cited 69× |
| Stay on Track exercise and diet intervention | Decreases - a decrease | body mass index | Human | overweight patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer undergoing whole-breast radiotherapy | Three personal exercise and dietary counseling sessions, plus three text reminders per week. | Stay on Track: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial on the Feasibility of a Diet and Exercise Intervention in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy.cited 3× |
| Stay on Track exercise and diet intervention | Decreases - had decreased | overall body mass | Human | overweight patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer undergoing whole-breast radiotherapy | Three personal exercise and dietary counseling sessions, plus three text reminders per week. | Stay on Track: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial on the Feasibility of a Diet and Exercise Intervention in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy.cited 3× |
| intentional weight loss using a high-protein diet | No effect - helping preserve | lean body mass and mobility | Human | relatively high-functioning older adults with obesity | 1.2-1.5 g/kg/d | Effect of an Energy-Restricted, Nutritionally Complete, Higher Protein Meal Plan on Body Composition and Mobility in Older Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 29× |
| intentional weight loss using a high-protein diet | Decreases - effective in producing significant loss | total body mass and fat mass | Human | relatively high-functioning older adults with obesity | 1.2-1.5 g/kg/d | Effect of an Energy-Restricted, Nutritionally Complete, Higher Protein Meal Plan on Body Composition and Mobility in Older Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 29× |
| a vegan diet | No effect - did not significantly differ | body mass index | Human | participants with coronary artery disease | Not specified (dietary intervention with provided groceries and counseling). | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Vegan Diet Versus the American Heart Association-Recommended Diet in Coronary Artery Disease Trial.cited 126× |
| exercise and diet prescription | Decreases - revealed a statistically significant improvement | body mass index | Human | subjects with metabolic syndrome | Not specified | Healthy Promotion for Fighting Metabolic Syndrome: Insights from Multi-Center HeRO-FiT Cohort.cited 4× |
| high-fat, high-energy diet | Increases - increased | body mass | Human | control group | LcS-fermented milk drink twice daily. | Probiotic supplementation prevents high-fat, overfeeding-induced insulin resistance in human subjects.cited 80× |
| high-fat, high-energy diet | Increases - increased | body mass | Human | probiotic group | LcS-fermented milk drink twice daily. | Probiotic supplementation prevents high-fat, overfeeding-induced insulin resistance in human subjects.cited 80× |
| vegan diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index (BMI) | Human | NAFLD patients | Caloric intake tailored to 1500-1800 Kcal/day for weight loss ≥5% in overweight patients. | Vegan Diet Advice Might Benefit Liver Enzymes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: an Open Observational Pilot Study.cited 10× |
| vegan diet | Decreases - significant decrease | lean body mass | HumanMolecular | healthy men (vegans) | Not specified | Effect of restriction vegan diet's on muscle mass, oxidative status, and myocytes differentiation: A pilot study.cited 40× |
| strict diet and lifestyle modification regimen | Decreases - similar reduction | body mass index | Human | histologically proven patients with NASH | PTX 400 mg thrice daily and VE 400 IU twice daily (PTVE group); VE alone (400 IU twice daily, VE group). | Efficacy of combining pentoxiphylline and vitamin E versus vitamin E alone in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis- A randomized pilot study.cited 13× |
| insurance-mandated physician-supervised preoperative diet | Increases - had greater change in body mass index | change in body mass index | Human | patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy | Not Assessed | Insurance-mandated preoperative diet and outcomes after bariatric surgery.cited 23× |
| insurance-mandated physician-supervised preoperative diet | No effect - no difference | preoperative body mass index | Human | patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy | Not Assessed | Insurance-mandated preoperative diet and outcomes after bariatric surgery.cited 23× |
| ω-9 LCHF diet | Decreases - facilitate weight loss | body mass | Animal | obese male Swiss mice | Not specified (diet composition varied by lipid type). | Low-carbohydrate diet enriched with omega-3 and omega-9 fatty acids modulates inflammation and lipid metabolism in the liver and white adipose tissue of a mouse model of obesity. |
| ω-3 LCHF diet | Decreases - facilitate weight loss | body mass | Animal | obese male Swiss mice | Not specified (diet composition varied by lipid type). | Low-carbohydrate diet enriched with omega-3 and omega-9 fatty acids modulates inflammation and lipid metabolism in the liver and white adipose tissue of a mouse model of obesity. |
| cow's milk protein elimination diet | Decreases - presented lower individual values | Z scores for body mass index/age | Animal | infants aged 4-18 months | Not specified | Evaluation of the complementary feeding practices, dietary intake, and nutritional status of infants on a cow's milk protein elimination diet.cited 1× |
| high-calorie diet (high fat diet [HFD], high carbohydrate diet [HCD] and high energy diet [HED]) | No effect - not affected | body mass index, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and feed intake | Animal | blunt snout bream (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) | Not specified | Effects of a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet on appetite regulation and central AMPK in the hypothalamus of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). |
| protein supplementation or a high-protein diet | No effect - no significant difference | body mass index change | Human | post-bariatric patients | ≥60 g/day (total protein intake, not casein-specific) | The effect of additional protein on lean body mass preservation in post-bariatric surgery patients: a systematic review.cited 18× |
| probiotic yogurt with low-calorie diet (PLCD) | Decreases - reduction was more obvious | body mass index (BMI) | Human | overweight and obese individuals | 200 g/day of yogurt containing Lactobacillus casei DN001 (10^8 CFU/g), along with Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium BB12. | Effects of probiotic yogurt on fat distribution and gene expression of proinflammatory factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in overweight and obese people with or without weight-loss diet.cited 91× |
| low-protein diet supplemented with ketoacids (LPD + KA) | Increases - increased | body mass index | Human | patients with CKD | Not specified | Low protein diet supplemented with ketoacids on muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease: A clinical trial.cited 2× |
| a moderately low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decrease | body mass index | Human | participants with metabolic syndrome or obesity | Not specified | Changes in Body Weight, Dysglycemia, and Dyslipidemia After Moderately Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education (LOCABO Challenge Program) Among Workers in Japan.cited 3× |
| regular diet for 6 weeks | Decreases - decreased | body mass index | Human | Japanese subjects without diabetes | GBR twice a day (specific amount not detailed). | Effect of Eating Glutinous Brown Rice Twice a Day for 6 Weeks on Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in Japanese Subjects without Diabetes.cited 1× |
| ricotta cheese (210 g/day) plus the habitual diet | Increases - improved | lean body mass in the arms | Human | men in the intervention group | 210 g/day of ricotta cheese. | Physiological effects beyond the significant gain in muscle mass in sarcopenic elderly men: evidence from a randomized clinical trial using a protein-rich food.cited 60× |
| 8-week diet and exercise program | Increases - significant increase | lean body mass (LBM) | Human | overweight men and women | — | The Combined Effects of Exercise, Diet, and a Multi-Ingredient Dietary Supplement on Body Composition and Adipokine Changes in Overweight Adults.cited 21× |
| lifestyle programme targeting smoking, alcohol, physical activity, diet and weight management | Increases - had | body mass index | Human | the majority of participants | Not specified | Feasibility study to assess the delivery of a lifestyle intervention (TreatWELL) for patients with colorectal cancer undergoing potentially curative treatment.cited 11× |
| low-glycemic index pulse-based diet | Decreases - greater reduction | body mass index | Human | women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | Not specified (part of a pulse-based diet including lentils, beans, split peas, and chickpeas). | A Comparison of a Pulse-Based Diet and the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet in Combination with Exercise and Health Counselling on the Cardio-Metabolic Risk Profile in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 62× |
| isocaloric diet (C) | Decreases - loss | lean body mass (LBM) | HumanMolecular | advanced NSCLC patients | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of an oral nutritional supplement containing eicosapentaenoic acid on nutritional and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: randomised trial.cited 154× |
| oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) in addition to hospital diet | Decreases - significant difference in change | body mass index (BMI) | Human | elderly post-surgical proximal femoral fracture patients | Oral calcium and vitamin D supplements (specific dosage not detailed). | Clinical benefits of oral nutritional supplementation for elderly hip fracture patients: a single blind randomised controlled trial.cited 75× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - resulted in a significant decrease | body mass index | Human | overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | Not specified (diet composition: 52% carbohydrates, 18% proteins, 30% total fats, with DASH emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy). | Effects of DASH diet on lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.cited 93× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - significant reduction | body mass index (BMI) | Human | subjects with MetS | Not specified | The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.cited 6× |
| green coffee bean extract combined with an energy-restricted diet | Decreases - significant reductions | body mass index | Human | obese women | 400 mg green coffee bean extract daily. | Energy restriction combined with green coffee bean extract affects serum adipocytokines and the body composition in obese women.cited 38× |
| 5:2 diet | Decreases - significantly reduces | body mass index | Human | overweight and obese individuals | Not specified (5:2 diet protocol—2 fasting days per week). | Effect of the 5:2 Diet on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Overweight and/or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. |
| 5:2 diet | Decreases - reduced less | body mass index [BMI (kg/m2)] | Human | healthy adults | Not specified (protocols included time-restricted eating, alternate-day fasting, and the 5:2 diet) | Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction Compared with Those of Continuous Energy Restriction on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults.cited 21× |
| gluten-free casein-free (GFCF) diet | Decreases - had a lower | body mass index | Human | children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) | Not specified | Nutritional Impact of a Gluten-Free Casein-Free Diet in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.cited 25× |
| Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) | Decreases - reduced | body mass index (BMI) | Human | Australian patients post coronary event | Ad libitum (no specific dosage provided). | Ad libitum Mediterranean diet reduces subcutaneous but not visceral fat in patients with coronary heart disease: A randomised controlled pilot study.cited 23× |
| Mediterranean diet | Increases - increased | body mass index | Human | patients with colorectal cancer-induced cachexia | Not specified | The Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Body Composition, Inflammatory Factors, and Nutritional Status in Patients with Cachexia Induced by Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 10× |
| Mediterranean diet | Decreases - showed a greater reduction | body mass index | Human | obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) under continuous positive airway pressure treatment | Not specified | Effect of Mediterranean diet on lipid peroxidation marker TBARS in obese patients with OSAHS under CPAP treatment: a randomised trial.cited 14× |
| prudent diet | Decreases - reduction | body mass index | Human | obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) under continuous positive airway pressure treatment | Not specified | Effect of Mediterranean diet on lipid peroxidation marker TBARS in obese patients with OSAHS under CPAP treatment: a randomised trial.cited 14× |
| Mediterranean diet | Decreases - promoted decreases in | body mass index | Human | stable patients who experienced coronary events in the previous 2 years | Not specified (red wine included as part of the Mediterranean Diet). | Effects of high adherence to mediterranean or low-fat diets in medicated secondary prevention patients.cited 53× |
| low-fat Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet | Decreases - promoted decreases in | body mass index | Human | stable patients who experienced coronary events in the previous 2 years | Not specified (red wine included as part of the Mediterranean Diet). | Effects of high adherence to mediterranean or low-fat diets in medicated secondary prevention patients.cited 53× |
| low-energy, high-protein diet | Decreases - observed in | body mass | Human | obese men with obstructive sleep apnea | Not specified | One-month of a low-energy diet, with no additional effect of high-protein, reduces Obstructive Sleep Apnea severity and improve metabolic parameters in obese males.cited 10× |
| low-energy, high-protein diet | Decreases - observed in | Body Mass Index | Human | obese men with obstructive sleep apnea | Not specified | One-month of a low-energy diet, with no additional effect of high-protein, reduces Obstructive Sleep Apnea severity and improve metabolic parameters in obese males.cited 10× |
| high-monounsaturated fat diet (at least 20% total energy from monounsaturated fat) | Increases - had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) | body mass index (BMI) at birth | Human | women with GDM | ≤45% daily total energy intake from carbohydrate (low-carbohydrate diet) vs. ≥50% daily total energy intake from carbohydrate (high-carbohydrate diet). | Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus.cited 61× |
| high-monounsaturated fat diet (at least 20% total energy from monounsaturated fat) | Increases - had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) | body mass index (BMI) at six to nine months postpartum | Human | women with GDM | ≤45% daily total energy intake from carbohydrate (low-carbohydrate diet) vs. ≥50% daily total energy intake from carbohydrate (high-carbohydrate diet). | Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus.cited 61× |
| very low-carbohydrate and high protein diet (VLCD) | Decreases - reduced | body mass | Human | Sedentary women | VLCD (<40 g carbohydrate); CONV (500-800 kcal restrictive, 48% carb, 22% protein, 30% fat) | Effects of short-term very low-carbohydrate or conventional diet on strength performance.cited 2× |
| low energy conventional diet (CONV) | Decreases - reduced | body mass | Human | Sedentary women | VLCD (<40 g carbohydrate); CONV (500-800 kcal restrictive, 48% carb, 22% protein, 30% fat) | Effects of short-term very low-carbohydrate or conventional diet on strength performance.cited 2× |
| MIND diet | Decreases - inversely associated with | body mass index (BMI) | Human | obese individuals | Not specified | Evaluation of the relationship of chronotype, MIND diet, and lifestyle factors in overweight and obese people: Path analysis and structural equation modeling. |
| 4-week HF diet intervention | Increases - increased | body mass | Human | 7 male volunteers | Not specified. | A high-fat diet temporarily accelerates gastrointestinal transit and reduces satiety in men.cited 11× |
| Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet | Decreases - significant reduction | body mass index (BMI) | Human | overweight and obese PCOS women | Not specified (dietary inclusion of low-fat dairy as part of the DASH diet). | Effects of Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension diet on androgens, antioxidant status and body composition in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomised controlled trial.cited 51× |
| supplementing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in breeder hens diet | Increases - resulted in increased | body mass | Animal | chick offspring | — | Supplementing conjugated linoleic acid in breeder hens diet increased conjugated linoleic acid incorporation in liver and alters hepatic lipid metabolism in chick offspring.cited 3× |
| healthy low-carbohydrate diet (HLCD) | Decreases - lead to additional reduction | body mass index | Human | 96 participants with overweight or obesity | Not specified (isocaloric-restricted feeding). | Effects of healthy low-carbohydrate diet and time-restricted eating on weight and gut microbiome in adults with overweight or obesity: Feeding RCT.cited 4× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LC) | Decreases - significantly reduced | body mass index (BMI) | Human | overweight/obese Chinese females | Not specified | Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females.cited 25× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Decreases - significant decreases | body mass index | Human | 1,141 obese patients | Not specified | Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors.cited 199× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Decreases - were significantly lower than that of the LFD | Body Mass Index (BMI) | Human | adolescents with overweight and obesity | Not specified | Low-Carbohydrate Diet is More Helpful for Weight Loss Than Low-Fat Diet in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 2× |
| high protein, low carbohydrate (20 g/d) diet (HPLC) | Decreases - Significant reduction | body mass index Z-score for age and sex (BMI-Z) | Human | severely obese adolescents | 20 g/d of carbohydrates (HPLC diet) | Efficacy and safety of a high protein, low carbohydrate diet for weight loss in severely obese adolescents.cited 63× |
| high protein, low carbohydrate (20 g/d) diet (HPLC) | Decreases - significantly greater reduction | body mass index Z-score for age and sex (BMI-Z) | Human | severely obese adolescents | 20 g/d of carbohydrates (HPLC diet) | Efficacy and safety of a high protein, low carbohydrate diet for weight loss in severely obese adolescents.cited 63× |
| high protein, low carbohydrate (20 g/d) diet (HPLC) | Decreases - maintained significant reduction | body mass index Z-score for age and sex (BMI-Z) | Human | severely obese adolescents | 20 g/d of carbohydrates (HPLC diet) | Efficacy and safety of a high protein, low carbohydrate diet for weight loss in severely obese adolescents.cited 63× |
| high protein, low carbohydrate (20 g/d) diet (HPLC) | Decreases - Loss of lean body mass was not spared | lean body mass | Human | severely obese adolescents | 20 g/d of carbohydrates (HPLC diet) | Efficacy and safety of a high protein, low carbohydrate diet for weight loss in severely obese adolescents.cited 63× |
| low energy diet containing condensed processed yogurt (Kashk) | Decreases - significantly greater reductions in | body mass index | Human | women with overweight/obesity | 50 g of Kashk daily | Effect of a low energy diet, containing a high protein, probiotic condensed yogurt, on biochemical and anthropometric measurements among women with overweight/obesity: A randomised controlled trial.cited 14× |
| paleolithic diet | Decreases - decreased | body mass index | Human | healthy volunteers | Not specified | Effects of a short-term intervention with a paleolithic diet in healthy volunteers.cited 61× |
| Paleolithic diet (PD) | Decreases - impact was stronger | body mass index (BMI) | Human | healthy and unhealthy adults | Not specified | Paleolithic Diet-Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?cited 17× |
| ketoanalogues combined with a protein-restricted diet | No effect - No significant differences were observed in | lean body mass | Human | stages 3-5 CKD patients | Not specified | Efficacy and safety of ketoanalogue supplementation combined with protein-restricted diets in advanced chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 1× |
| DASH-Japan Ube Modified diet Program (DASH-JUMP) | Decreases - significantly decreased | body mass index values | Human | Japanese participants with untreated high-normal BP or stage 1 hypertension | 8.0 g of salt per day. | Effects of the DASH-JUMP dietary intervention in Japanese participants with high-normal blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension: an open-label single-arm trial.cited 22× |
| auricular acupressure alone, or with diet and/or exercise | Decreases - decreasing | body mass index (BMI) | Human | overweight and/or obese individuals | Not specified | Auricular acupressure for overweight and obese individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 11× |