Effects of a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet on appetite regulation and central AMPK in the hypothalamus of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala).
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to investigate the effects of a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) on appetite regulation and central AMPK signaling in blunt snout bream.
Results Summary
The study found that HCD increased plasma glucose, glycated serum proteins, and insulin levels, upregulated hypothalamic neuropeptide y and pparα expression, but reduced cholecystokinin expression compared to the control diet. No significant differences were observed in body mass index or feed efficiency.
Population
Blunt snout bream (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g)
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
12 weeks
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high-calorie diet (high fat diet [HFD], high carbohydrate diet [HCD] and high energy diet [HED]) | no change | body mass index, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and feed intake | blunt snout bream (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) | - | not affected | #1 |
high fat diet (HFD) | increase | lipid productive value, lipid gain and lipid intake | blunt snout bream (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) | - | significantly higher | #2 |
high fat diet (HFD), high carbohydrate diet (HCD) and high energy diet (HED) | increase | energy intake content | blunt snout bream (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) | - | significantly higher | #3 |
Long-term high fat diet (HFD) and high carbohydrate diet (HCD) | increase | plasma glucose, glycated serum protein, advanced glycation end product, insulin and leptin content levels | blunt snout bream (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) | - | significantly increased | #4 |
high fat diet (HFD) and high carbohydrate diet (HCD) | decrease | complex 1, 2 and 3 content | blunt snout bream (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) | - | significantly lower | #5 |
high energy diet (HED) | increase | hypothalamic ampα 1 and ampα 2 expression | blunt snout bream (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) | - | significantly upregulated | #6 |
high energy diet (HED) | decrease | hypothalamic mammalian target of rapamycin | blunt snout bream (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) | - | opposite trend was observed | #7 |
high carbohydrate diet (HCD) | increase | hypothalamic neuropeptide y, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα), acetyl-coa oxidase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 | blunt snout bream (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) | - | significantly upregulated | #8 |
high carbohydrate diet (HCD) | decrease | cholecystokinin expression | blunt snout bream (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) | - | opposite was seen | #9 |
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy changes and controls food intake. This study investigates the effect of a high-calorie diet (high fat diet [HFD], high carbohydrate diet [HCD] and high energy diet [HED]) on appetite and central AMPK in blunt snout bream. In the present study, fish (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) were fed the control, HFD, HCD and HED in four replicates for 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the result showed that body mass index, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and feed intake were not affected (p > 0.05) by dietary treatment. However, fish fed the HFD obtained a significantly higher (p < 0.05) lipid productive value, lipid gain and lipid intake than those fed the control diet, but no significant difference was attributed to others. Also, a significantly higher (p < 0.05) energy intake content was found in fish-fed HFD, HCD and HED than those given the control diet. Long-term HFD and HCD feeding significantly increased (p < 0.05) plasma glucose, glycated serum protein, advanced glycation end product, insulin and leptin content levels than the control group. Moreover, a significantly lower (p < 0.05) complex 1, 2 and 3 content was found in fish-fed HFD and HCD than in the control, but no differences (p > 0.05) were attributed to those in HED. Fish-fed HED significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) hypothalamic ampα 1 and ampα 2 expression, whereas the opposite trend was observed in the hypothalamic mammalian target of rapamycin than those in HFD and HCD compared to the control. However, hypothalamic neuropeptide y, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (pparα), acetyl-coa oxidase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in the HCD group, while the opposite was seen in cholecystokinin expression compared to those in the control group. Our findings indicated that the central AMPK signal pathway and appetite were modulated according to the diet's energy level to regulate nutritional status and maintain energy homoeostasis in fish.