A high-fat diet temporarily accelerates gastrointestinal transit and reduces satiety in men.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine the effects of a high-fat diet on gastrointestinal transit and satiety over 1-week and 4-week periods.
Results Summary
The study found that a 1-week high-fat diet accelerated gastric emptying and mouth-to-caecum transit time while reducing satiety, but these effects returned to baseline after 4 weeks. Body mass increased slightly over the 4-week period.
Population
10 male volunteers (7 completed the 4-week intervention).
Effective Dosage
Not specified.
Duration
1-week and 4-week interventions.
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-week HF diet intervention | decrease | GE latency time | 10 male volunteers | from 45 ± 8 to 41 ± 10 min | decreased | #1 |
4-week HF diet intervention | no change | any GE parameters | 7 male volunteers | no changes | no changes | #2 |
1-week HF diet intervention | decrease | MCTT | 10 male volunteers | from 308 ± 43 to 248 ± 83 min | accelerated | #3 |
4-week HF diet intervention | no change | MCTT | 7 male volunteers | no change | no change | #4 |
1-week HF diet intervention | increase | hunger | 10 male volunteers | - | became more hungry | #5 |
1-week HF diet intervention | increase | desire to eat | 10 male volunteers | - | became greater | #6 |
4-week HF diet intervention | decrease | satiety | 7 male volunteers | in the primary weeks | reduced | #7 |
4-week HF diet intervention | no change | satiety | 7 male volunteers | towards the end of the intervention | returned to baseline | #8 |
4-week HF diet intervention | increase | body mass | 7 male volunteers | by 1.3 kg | increased | #9 |
High-fat (HF) diets of 2 weeks have been shown to accelerate gastrointestinal (GI) transit and decrease satiety. However, the effects of HF diets on GI transit over longer periods than 2 weeks are unknown. We hypothesize that over 4 weeks, GI transit of a HF test meal will accelerate. The study was a repeated measures design with 10 male volunteers completing a 1-week HF diet intervention and 7 completing a 4-week HF diet intervention with testing once a week on the same day throughout the 4 weeks. Gastric emptying (GE) was measured using the (13)C-octanoic acid breath test and mouth-to-caecum transit time (MCTT) using the inulin H(2) breath test. Satiety was analysed using visual analogue scales and an ad libitum buffet meal. Body mass increased by 1.3 kg over the 4 weeks (p = 0.036). GE latency time decreased from 45 ± 8 to 41 ± 10 min (p = 0.047) over 1 week but there were no changes in any GE parameters over the 4 weeks. MCTT was accelerated over 1 week (p = 0.036) from 308 ± 43 to 248 ± 83 min. However, over the 4-week period, there was no change. Volunteers became more hungry and desire to eat became greater after 1 week (p = 0.01). Changes in satiety were also evident over the 4 weeks. Satiety was reduced in the primary weeks and then returned to baseline towards the end of the intervention. GI adaptation to a HF diet occurred over a 1-week period and returned to pre-diet levels at the end of 4 weeks.