Impact of Gluten-free Diet on Anthropometric Indicators in Individuals With and Without Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine the effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on anthropometric indicators, including weight, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat, in patients with and without celiac disease.
Results Summary
The study found that a GFD had no significant effect on anthropometric indicators overall, but subgroup analysis showed increased weight and body fat in patients with celiac disease, particularly in interventions lasting more than 48 weeks.
Population
Patients with and without celiac disease.
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Varied, with some interventions lasting more than 48 weeks.
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gluten-free diet (GFD) | no change | weight | patients with and without celiac disease (CD) | WMD, 1.20 kg; 95% CI, -1.16 to 3.55 kg; P = 0.319 | has no significant effect | #1 |
gluten-free diet (GFD) | no change | body mass index | patients with and without celiac disease (CD) | WMD, 0.70 kg/m2; 95% CI, -0.45 to 1.84 kg/m2; P = 0.233 | has no significant effect | #2 |
gluten-free diet (GFD) | no change | waist circumference | patients with and without celiac disease (CD) | WMD, 0.92 cm; 95% CI, -1.34 to 3.17 cm; P = 0.497 | has no significant effect | #3 |
gluten-free diet (GFD) | no change | body fat | patients with and without celiac disease (CD) | WMD, 1.02%; 95% CI, -0.38% to 2.42%; P = 0.153 | has no significant effect | #4 |
gluten-free diet (GFD) | increase | weight | patients with CD | - | significant increased | #5 |
gluten-free diet (GFD) | increase | body fat | patients with CD | - | significant increased | #6 |
gluten-free diet (GFD) | increase | BMI | - | significantly higher in the intervention of more than 48 weeks | effect on the increase of | #7 |
gluten-free diet (GFD) | increase | body fat | - | significantly higher in the intervention of more than 48 weeks | effect on the increase of | #8 |
gluten-free diet (GFD) | increase | weight | patients with CD | - | can have a significant and beneficial effect on | #9 |
gluten-free diet (GFD) | increase | body fat | patients with CD | - | can have a significant and beneficial effect on | #10 |
PURPOSE: Previous studies have found that a gluten-free diet (GFD) may have improve obesity-related factors. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of a GFD on anthropometric indicators. METHODS: We performed a systematic search in databases from inception until July 12, 2022. We included all relevant articles that evaluate efficacy of a GFD on anthropometric indicators in patients with and without celiac disease (CD). Random-effects models were applied to combine the data. The main outcomes were then analyzed using weight mean differences (WMDs) and 95% CIs. FINDINGS: A total of 27 articles met the eligible criteria and were included. Pooled results from the random-effects model indicated that the GFD has no significant effect on any of the factors of anthropometry, including weight (WMD, 1.20 kg; 95% CI, -1.16 to 3.55 kg; P = 0.319), body mass index (WMD, 0.70 kg/m2; 95% CI, -0.45 to 1.84 kg/m2; P = 0.233), waist circumference (WMD, 0.92 cm; 95% CI, -1.34 to 3.17 cm; P = 0.497), and body fat (WMD, 1.02%; 95% CI, -0.38% to 2.42%; P = 0.153). The subgroup results indicated that after implementation of a GFD significant increased weight and body fat occurred in patients with compared with without CD. In addition, the effect of this diet on the increase of BMI and body fat in the intervention of more than 48 weeks was significantly higher. IMPLICATIONS: The results of the present study indicate that a GFD can have a significant and beneficial effect on weight and body fat in patients with CD.