84
21
28
↑84
↓21
—28
Evidence suggests Ketogenic Diet mayincreaseBrain metabolism.
124 studies (133 claims)
Moderate consensus
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| high fructose diet | Increases - generated | alterations in glucose metabolism | HumanAnimal | murine models | Not specified | Alpha-lipoic acid and its protective role in fructose induced endocrine-metabolic disturbances.cited 10× |
| low fat (30% energy), high P/S ratio (1.0), high fibre (30-50 g/day) 'cholesterol lowering' diet | No effect | lipid metabolism | Human | hypertensives | Sodium restriction (<60 mmol/day) and 100 mmol/day NaCl supplement for some groups. | A factorial study of fat and fibre changes and sodium restriction on blood pressure of human hypertensive subjects.cited 9× |
| short-term adaptation to a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet | Decreases - repartitioning of fatty acids away from oxidation toward esterification in both liver and muscle occur | fatty acid metabolism | Human | healthy subjects | Not specified | Reduced oxidation of dietary fat after a short term high-carbohydrate diet.cited 61× |
| fat-restricted low-glycemic index diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | basal metabolism | Human | overweight/obese Southwest Chinese individuals | Daily energy intake reduced by 300-500 kcal, with low-glycemic index carbohydrate-energy ratio <45% and fat-energy ratio 25-30%. | Fat-restricted low-glycemic index diet controls weight and improves blood lipid profile: A pilot study among overweight and obese adults in Southwest China.cited 1× |
| low-protein diet with KA/AA | Increases - improvement | lipid metabolism | Human | patients with CKD stages 3-4 | Not specified | [Analysis of the Effectiveness of Renoprotection of Low-Protein Diet and Ketoanalogues of Amino Acids In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease]. |
| low-protein diet with KA/AA | No effect - prevent of development | metabolic disorders of protein and calcium-phosphate metabolism | Human | patients with CKD stages 3-4 | Not specified | [Analysis of the Effectiveness of Renoprotection of Low-Protein Diet and Ketoanalogues of Amino Acids In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease]. |
| traditional low-protein diet without KA/AA | No effect - no negative dynamics | protein and calcium-phosphate metabolism | Human | patients with CKD stages 3-4 | Not specified | [Analysis of the Effectiveness of Renoprotection of Low-Protein Diet and Ketoanalogues of Amino Acids In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease]. |
| high-protein diet during ER (HP-ER) | Increases - upregulation in expression | genes linked to cell cycle, GPCR signalling, olfactory signalling and nitrogen metabolism | Human | overweight older participants | High-protein intake (1.7 g/kg body weight) | The impact of protein quantity during energy restriction on genome-wide gene expression in adipose tissue of obese humans.cited 3× |
| lean-seafood diet | Decreases - reduces | urinary excretion of metabolites involved in mitochondrial lipid and energy metabolism | Human | healthy subjects | Not specified | Lean-seafood intake decreases urinary markers of mitochondrial lipid and energy metabolism in healthy subjects: Metabolomics results from a randomized crossover intervention study. |
| lean-seafood diet | Decreases - reduces | urinary excretion of metabolites involved in mitochondrial lipid and energy metabolism | Human | healthy subjects | Not specified | Lean-seafood intake decreases urinary markers of mitochondrial lipid and energy metabolism in healthy subjects: Metabolomics results from a randomized crossover intervention study. |
| switching from omnivorous to vegetarian diet | Increases - increases in compounds derived from soy food metabolism | compounds derived from soy food metabolism | Human | 38 European (EA) and African American (AA) omnivorous females | Not specified | New-onset vegetarian diet shows differences in fatty acid metabolites in European American and African American women.cited 6× |
| adoption of a vegetarian (plant-based) diet | Increases - improvements in fatty acid metabolism (oxidation vs storage) may be promoted rapidly | fatty acid metabolism (oxidation vs storage) | Human | — | Not specified | New-onset vegetarian diet shows differences in fatty acid metabolites in European American and African American women.cited 6× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (MD + EVOO) | Increases - most prominent hallmarks | amino acids (proline, N-acetylglutamine, glycine, branched-chain amino acids, and derived metabolites) metabolism | Human | nondiabetic volunteers | Not specified | Metabolomic pattern analysis after mediterranean diet intervention in a nondiabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study.cited 87× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (MD + EVOO) | Increases - most prominent hallmarks | creatine, creatinine metabolism | Human | nondiabetic volunteers | Not specified | Metabolomic pattern analysis after mediterranean diet intervention in a nondiabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study.cited 87× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (MD + EVOO) | Increases - most prominent hallmarks | lipids (oleic and suberic acids) metabolism | Human | nondiabetic volunteers | Not specified | Metabolomic pattern analysis after mediterranean diet intervention in a nondiabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study.cited 87× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (MD + EVOO) | Increases - most prominent hallmarks | metabolism of carbohydrates (3-hydroxybutyrate, citrate, and cis-aconitate) | Human | nondiabetic volunteers | Not specified | Metabolomic pattern analysis after mediterranean diet intervention in a nondiabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study.cited 87× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (MD + EVOO) | Increases - most prominent hallmarks | microbial cometabolites (phenylacetylglutamine and p-cresol) metabolism | Human | nondiabetic volunteers | Not specified | Metabolomic pattern analysis after mediterranean diet intervention in a nondiabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study.cited 87× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts (MD + Nuts) | Increases - most prominent hallmarks | amino acids (proline, N-acetylglutamine, glycine, branched-chain amino acids, and derived metabolites) metabolism | Human | nondiabetic volunteers | Not specified | Metabolomic pattern analysis after mediterranean diet intervention in a nondiabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study.cited 87× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts (MD + Nuts) | Increases - most prominent hallmarks | creatine, creatinine metabolism | Human | nondiabetic volunteers | Not specified | Metabolomic pattern analysis after mediterranean diet intervention in a nondiabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study.cited 87× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts (MD + Nuts) | Increases - most prominent hallmarks | lipids (oleic and suberic acids) metabolism | Human | nondiabetic volunteers | Not specified | Metabolomic pattern analysis after mediterranean diet intervention in a nondiabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study.cited 87× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts (MD + Nuts) | Increases - most prominent hallmarks | metabolism of carbohydrates (3-hydroxybutyrate, citrate, and cis-aconitate) | Human | nondiabetic volunteers | Not specified | Metabolomic pattern analysis after mediterranean diet intervention in a nondiabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study.cited 87× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts (MD + Nuts) | Increases - most prominent hallmarks | microbial cometabolites (phenylacetylglutamine and p-cresol) metabolism | Human | nondiabetic volunteers | Not specified | Metabolomic pattern analysis after mediterranean diet intervention in a nondiabetic population: a 1- and 3-year follow-up in the PREDIMED study.cited 87× |
| LA-enriched diet | No effect - did not stimulate mitochondrial metabolism more | mitochondrial metabolism | HumanMolecular | subjects with the CC genotype of FADS1-rs174550 in the FADSDIET2 study | Not specified | Modification in mitochondrial function is associated with the FADS1 variant and its interaction with alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diet-An exploratory study. |
| ALA-enriched diet | Increases - benefit more from, leading to enhanced | energy metabolism | HumanMolecular | subjects with the CC genotype of FADS1-rs174550 in human adipocytes | Not specified | Modification in mitochondrial function is associated with the FADS1 variant and its interaction with alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diet-An exploratory study. |
| ALA-enriched diet | Increases - stimulated mitochondrial metabolism more | mitochondrial metabolism | HumanMolecular | subjects with the CC genotype of FADS1-rs174550 in the FADSDIET2 study | Not specified | Modification in mitochondrial function is associated with the FADS1 variant and its interaction with alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diet-An exploratory study. |
| whole EVOO in diet therapy | Increases - supports the use | lipoprotein metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | Therapeutic Properties and Use of Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Clinical Nutrition: A Narrative Review and Literature Update.cited 29× |
| Mismatch between sow late gestation diet and piglet nursery diet | Increases - upregulated | genes involved in lipid metabolism | Animal | piglet hepatic tissues | Sows received 12% or 17% crude protein (CP) during late gestation; piglets received 16.5% or 21% CP post-weaning. | The Impact of Maternal and Piglet Low Protein Diet and Their Interaction on the Porcine Liver Transcriptome around the Time of Weaning.cited 4× |
| Sow late gestation diet | No effect - could be used to optimize | piglet metabolism | Animal | piglets | Sows received 12% or 17% crude protein (CP) during late gestation; piglets received 16.5% or 21% CP post-weaning. | The Impact of Maternal and Piglet Low Protein Diet and Their Interaction on the Porcine Liver Transcriptome around the Time of Weaning.cited 4× |
| HP diet | Increases - increase | mitochondrial metabolism | Animal | hyperlipidaemic male and female APOE2 knock-in (APOE2ki) mice | Not specified | A high-protein diet is anti-steatotic and has no pro-inflammatory side effects in dyslipidaemic APOE2 knock-in mice.cited 8× |
| herring diet | No effect - affected | arginine metabolism | Human | healthy obese men and women | Not specified (herring consumed as main protein source, five meals per week). | Herring and chicken/pork meals lead to differences in plasma levels of TCA intermediates and arginine metabolites in overweight and obese men and women.cited 6× |
| herring diet | No effect - affected | glyoxylate metabolism | Human | healthy obese men and women | Not specified (herring consumed as main protein source, five meals per week). | Herring and chicken/pork meals lead to differences in plasma levels of TCA intermediates and arginine metabolites in overweight and obese men and women.cited 6× |
| High-protein low-carbohydrate (HPLC) diet | No effect - showed changes in | predicted microbial gene networks for energy metabolism and one-carbon metabolism pathways | Human | domestic short-haired cats | 51.4% protein and 11.6% carbohydrate (HPLC diet) vs. 32.4% protein and 32.3% carbohydrate (control diet). | Differential Responses to Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Ratio on Gut Microbiome in Obese vs. Lean Cats.cited 9× |
| a new-formulated ketogenic diet (KD) containing vegetal fat | Increases - evidenced an improved | glucose and lipid metabolism | Animal | KD-fed mice | Not specified. | Vegetal oil-based ketogenic diet improves inflammation and fibrosis in experimental metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. |
| diet rich in natural antioxidants | Increases - exert beneficial signaling and modulator effects | cellular metabolism | Human | centenarians | Not specified | Exploring the role of genetic variability and lifestyle in oxidative stress response for healthy aging and longevity.cited 65× |
| diet supplementation with L-citrulline-malate prior to intense exercise | No effect - evaluate the effects of | products of metabolism of arginine as creatinine, urea and nitrite | Human | Seventeen voluntary male pre-professional cyclists | 6 g L-citrulline-malate 2 hours prior to exercise | L-citrulline-malate influence over branched chain amino acid utilization during exercise.cited 40× |
| high carbohydrate, low fat diet versus a low carbohydrate, high fat diet | No effect - effects | biomarkers for glucose homeostasis, chronic inflammation, cellular oxidation, and steroid sex hormone metabolism | Human | overweight or obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors | Not specified (dietary counseling and clinical visits described). | Effect of a low fat versus a low carbohydrate weight loss dietary intervention on biomarkers of long term survival in breast cancer patients ('CHOICE'): study protocol.cited 21× |
| low protein diet | Increases - can improve | protein, sugar and lipid metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | Efficacy of low-protein diet for diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.cited 27× |
| NC containing high doses of monacolin K (10 mg) added to the diet | Increases - improving the lipid profile and glucose metabolism | lipid profile and glucose metabolism | Human | hypertensive and hyper-cholesterolemic subjects at low cardiovascular risk | 10 mg monacolin K daily (one tablet per day). | The short-term supplementation of monacolin K improves the lipid and metabolic patterns of hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic subjects at low cardiovascular risk.cited 12× |
| low-carbohydrate, high-protein (LC/HP) diet with healthy dietary components | Increases - increased | bacteria implicated in fiber metabolism | Human | individuals with SCI | 40% energy from carbohydrates, 30% from protein, and 30% from fat, meeting dietary guideline recommendations. | Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate, High-Protein Diet on Gut Microbiome Composition in Insulin-Resistant Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Preliminary Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 11× |
| high-fat diet or Western diet | Increases - alterations | whole body metabolism and nutrient homeostasis | Human | — | Not specified | Alterations in Gut Microbiota and Immunity by Dietary Fat.cited 33× |
| overfeeding diet | Increases - revealed perturbations | metabolic pathways including glycolysis and tryptophan metabolism | Animal | obese zebrafish | Not specified | Characterizing the metabolic response of the zebrafish kidney to overfeeding.cited 2× |
| overfeeding diet | Increases - perturbations | tryptophan metabolism | Animal | zebrafish | Not specified | Characterizing the metabolic response of the zebrafish kidney to overfeeding.cited 2× |
| deficient vitamin A diet | No effect - were not significantly different | markers of hepatic lipid metabolism | Animal | mice | Deficient (0 IU/g diet), control (4 IU/g diet), copious (25 IU/g diet). | Modest effect of differential dietary vitamin A intake on the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease.cited 1× |
| copious vitamin A diet | No effect - were not significantly different | markers of hepatic lipid metabolism | Animal | mice | Deficient (0 IU/g diet), control (4 IU/g diet), copious (25 IU/g diet). | Modest effect of differential dietary vitamin A intake on the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease.cited 1× |
| maternal Western-style diet induced obesity | Increases - increased | amino acid metabolism and byproducts | HumanAnimal | liver of fetuses from OB-WSD mothers | Not specified | Switching obese mothers to a healthy diet improves fetal hypoxemia, hepatic metabolites, and lipotoxicity in non-human primates.cited 40× |
| High-fat diet (HFD) | Decreases - induces negative effects | activity of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and systemic energy metabolism | Animal | mice | Not specified | Irisin reverses high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction via activation of brown adipose tissue in mice. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - increased | Branched-chain amino-acids- and aromatic amino-acids-metabolism | HumanAnimal | human-microbiota-associated rats | Not specified | Tibet Kefir Milk Regulated Metabolic Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet via Amino Acids, Bile Acids, and Equol Metabolism in Human-Microbiota-Associated Rats.cited 14× |
| high fat diet (HFD) | No effect - associated with modulation of expression | genes coding for key genes of lipid metabolism such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppars) and perilipins (Plins) | AnimalMolecular | rat in vivo model | Not specified | Models of non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Potential Translational Value: the Effects of 3,5-L-diiodothyronine.cited 21× |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | No effect - exhibited altered | glucose metabolism | Animal | Male C57/Bl6 mice | 100 mg/kg, administered orally. | Silymarin administration after cerebral ischemia improves survival of obese mice by increasing cortical BDNF and IGF1 levels. |
| high fat diet (20% crude fat) | No effect - did not affect | thermal sensitivity of metabolism | Animal | juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) | 20% versus 10% crude fat diets | Coping with climatic extremes: Dietary fat content decreased the thermal resilience of barramundi (Lates calcarifer).cited 16× |
| high-CHO, low-GI diet | No effect - no effect was noted | glucose metabolism | Human | variably controlled NIDDM subjects | Not specified (diets contained 35% fat as monounsaturated fat). | Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM.cited 95× |
| high-CHO, low-GI diet | Increases - are superior | HDL metabolism | Human | variably controlled NIDDM subjects | Not specified (diets contained 35% fat as monounsaturated fat). | Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM.cited 95× |
| high-mono high-GI diet | No effect - no effect was noted | glucose metabolism | Human | variably controlled NIDDM subjects | Not specified (diets contained 35% fat as monounsaturated fat). | Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM.cited 95× |
| high-mono high-GI diet | Increases - are superior | HDL metabolism | Human | variably controlled NIDDM subjects | Not specified (diets contained 35% fat as monounsaturated fat). | Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM.cited 95× |
| high-CHO, high-GI diet | No effect - no effect was noted | glucose metabolism | Human | variably controlled NIDDM subjects | Not specified (diets contained 35% fat as monounsaturated fat). | Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM.cited 95× |
| high-CHO, high-GI diet | Decreases - are inferior | HDL metabolism | Human | variably controlled NIDDM subjects | Not specified (diets contained 35% fat as monounsaturated fat). | Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM.cited 95× |
| Val supplementation in a reduced protein (RP) diet | No effect - influenced | metabolism of AAs and fatty acids | Animal | piglets | Standardized ileal digestible Val:Lys ratios of 0.45 and 0.65 | Valine Supplementation in a Reduced Protein Diet Regulates Growth Performance Partially through Modulation of Plasma Amino Acids Profile, Metabolic Responses, Endocrine, and Neural Factors in Piglets.cited 19× |
| Hypocaloric Diet | Decreases - decrease occurred | Basal Metabolism | Human | men who are overweight | 60 minutes per session, 3 days a week | The Role of Exercise: Physical Fitness Changes Caused by Hypocaloric Diet and Exercise in Men Who Are Overweight.cited 1× |
| Hypocaloric Diet + Combined Exercise | No effect - maintained | Basal Metabolism | Human | men who are overweight | 60 minutes per session, 3 days a week | The Role of Exercise: Physical Fitness Changes Caused by Hypocaloric Diet and Exercise in Men Who Are Overweight.cited 1× |
| combination of renal diet and conservative treatment over 6 months | No effect - affected | amino acids metabolism | Human | dogs with CKD stages 3 or 4 | Not specified (commercial renal diet). | Evaluation of Serum and Urine Amino Acids in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease and Healthy Dogs Fed a Renal Diet.cited 3× |
| diet rich in bilberries | No effect - no differences were found | glucose metabolism | Human | subjects with metabolic syndrome | Equivalent to 400 g fresh bilberries daily. | Bilberries reduce low-grade inflammation in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome.cited 124× |
| diet rich in bilberries | No effect - no differences were found | lipid metabolism | Human | subjects with metabolic syndrome | Equivalent to 400 g fresh bilberries daily. | Bilberries reduce low-grade inflammation in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome.cited 124× |
| regular control diet (CO) | Increases - highly enriched | pancreas metabolic pathways related to sterol and lipid metabolism | Animal | offspring of mothers fed a regular control diet | Not specified | Fetal Programming of the Endocrine Pancreas: Impact of a Maternal Low-Protein Diet on Gene Expression in the Perinatal Rat Pancreas.cited 1× |
| Diet-induced acidification/alkalization | No effect - affects | GC activity and metabolism | Human | — | High NaCl diet (32 g/day in Study A, 31 g/day in Study B), low NaCl diet (3 g/day in Study B), supplemented with 90 mmol KHCO3/day in Study A. | Glucocorticoid activity and metabolism with NaCl-induced low-grade metabolic acidosis and oral alkalization: results of two randomized controlled trials.cited 19× |
| cocoa flavanols in the diet | Increases - had positive effects | cognition, blood lipid levels, and glucose metabolism | Human | — | 50 g dark chocolate per day (intervention group: 410 mg flavanols; control group: 86 mg flavanols). | The short-term effect of dark chocolate flavanols on cognition in older adults: A randomized controlled trial (FlaSeCo).cited 11× |
| WG rye diet (± SDG supplements) | No effect - did not affect | glucose metabolism | Human | men with MetS risk profile | 280 mg SDG (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside) supplemented with the rye diet at weeks 4-8. | Effects of whole-grain wheat, rye, and lignan supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover trial.cited 62× |
| particular diet | No effect - alteration | fermentative metabolism | Human | hosts | Not specified | The role of diet on gut microbiota composition.cited 273× |
| consuming ready-to-eat meals containing a cocoa extract (1.4 g, 645 mg polyphenols) within an energy restricted diet | Increases - were present in higher amounts | urinary metabolites related to theobromine metabolism (3-methylxanthine and 3-methyluric acid), food processing (L-beta-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine), flavonoids (2,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavanone-5-O-glucoside and 7,4'-dimethoxy-6-C-methylflavanone), catecholamine (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol-sulphate) and endogenous metabolism (uridine monophosphate) | Human | fifty middle-aged volunteers [30.6 (2.3) kg m(-2)] | 1.4 g of cocoa extract (645 mg polyphenols) per day. | The urinary metabolomic profile following the intake of meals supplemented with a cocoa extract in middle-aged obese subjects.cited 19× |
| very low crude protein diet | No effect - adapts | gut nutrient metabolism | Animal | pigs | 17.6% and 15.5% crude protein diets. | Reduction in Diarrhoea and Modulation of Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs Allocated a Low Protein Diet without Medicinal Zinc Oxide Post-Weaning.cited 5× |
| 15.5% crude protein diet with additional amino acids | Decreases - decreased expression | genes involved in nutrient metabolism | Animal | pigs | 17.6% and 15.5% crude protein diets. | Reduction in Diarrhoea and Modulation of Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs Allocated a Low Protein Diet without Medicinal Zinc Oxide Post-Weaning.cited 5× |
| high-carbohydrate diet (HCD, 60% dextrose) | No effect - partly normalized | glycine, serine and threonine metabolism | Animal | homozygous knock-in (Bcs1lc.232A>G) mice (model of GRACILE syndrome) | 60% dextrose diet. | Effect of High-Carbohydrate Diet on Plasma Metabolome in Mice with Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex III Deficiency.cited 10× |
| high-carbohydrate diet (HCD, 60% dextrose) | No effect - partly normalized | phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism | Animal | homozygous knock-in (Bcs1lc.232A>G) mice (model of GRACILE syndrome) | 60% dextrose diet. | Effect of High-Carbohydrate Diet on Plasma Metabolome in Mice with Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex III Deficiency.cited 10× |
| high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) | Increases - disturbances in | glycolipid metabolism | Animal | rainbow trout | Not specified | FGF21 Improves Glycolipid Metabolism in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed a High-Carbohydrate Diet by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and Activating Autophagy. |
| high-carbohydrate diet (HC) | Increases - increased the abundance of | gut microbiota improving amino acid metabolism | Animal | rats | Not specified (ad libitum feeding). | Longevity extension in rats via improved redox homeostasis with high carbohydrate diet intervention from weaning to adulthood: a comprehensive multi-omics study. |
| high-carbohydrate diet (60% of energy from carbohydrate, 20% fat) | No effect - influence | metabolism | Human | 164 participants aged 18 to 65 years | Diets provided 20% protein, with varying carbohydrate (20–60%) and fat (20–60%) ratios. | A randomized study of dietary composition during weight-loss maintenance: Rationale, study design, intervention, and assessment.cited 14× |
| moderate-carbohydrate diet (40% carbohydrate, 40% fat) | No effect - influence | metabolism | Human | 164 participants aged 18 to 65 years | Diets provided 20% protein, with varying carbohydrate (20–60%) and fat (20–60%) ratios. | A randomized study of dietary composition during weight-loss maintenance: Rationale, study design, intervention, and assessment.cited 14× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (20% carbohydrate, 60% fat) | No effect - influence | metabolism | Human | 164 participants aged 18 to 65 years | Diets provided 20% protein, with varying carbohydrate (20–60%) and fat (20–60%) ratios. | A randomized study of dietary composition during weight-loss maintenance: Rationale, study design, intervention, and assessment.cited 14× |
| long-term MCT diet | Decreases - impairs | hepatic lipid metabolism | Animal | VLCAD-knock-out (KO) mice | Not specified (MCT diet and MCT-bolus, exact amounts not detailed). | Medium-chain triglycerides impair lipid metabolism and induce hepatic steatosis in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD)-deficient mice.cited 37× |
| moderately carbohydrate restricted diet (MCRD) | No effect - no differences were observed | lipid metabolism | Human | women with GDM | Macronutrient composition for MCRD: fat 40.6 E%, carbohydrate 40.5 E%, protein 18.9 E%; for HND: fat 39.5 E%, carbohydrate 42.4 E%, protein 18.1 E%. | Glycemic control in women with GDM: insights from a randomized controlled pilot trial on plant-based Nordic healthy diet versus moderately carbohydrate restricted diet. |
| Healthy Nordic Diet (HND) | No effect - no differences were observed | lipid metabolism | Human | women with GDM | Macronutrient composition for MCRD: fat 40.6 E%, carbohydrate 40.5 E%, protein 18.9 E%; for HND: fat 39.5 E%, carbohydrate 42.4 E%, protein 18.1 E%. | Glycemic control in women with GDM: insights from a randomized controlled pilot trial on plant-based Nordic healthy diet versus moderately carbohydrate restricted diet. |
| fetal exposure to an obesogenic maternal diet | No effect - alterations in | signaling pathways related to glucose and fatty acid metabolism | Human | fetus | Not specified | Influence of maternal obesity on the skeletal muscle of offspring.cited 3× |
| A high-fat diet (HFD) | Affects - dysregulating | lipolysis and lipid metabolism | Molecular | adipocytes | Not provided | Role of carotenoids in adipose tissue through the AMPK-mediated pathway.cited 11× |
| low-glycemic index (GI) diet and exercise intervention | No effect - examined the effect of | glucose metabolism and insulin secretion | Human | obese, prediabetic individuals | Low-GI diet (40 ± 0.3 units). | A low-glycemic index diet combined with exercise reduces insulin resistance, postprandial hyperinsulinemia, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide responses in obese, prediabetic humans.cited 106× |
| average Danish diet (ADD) | Increases - characterize | amino acid metabolism | Human | 146 subjects | Not specified | Biomarkers of Individual Foods, and Separation of Diets Using Untargeted LC-MS-based Plasma Metabolomics in a Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 26× |
| average Danish diet (ADD) | Increases - characterize | fat metabolism | Human | 146 subjects | Not specified | Biomarkers of Individual Foods, and Separation of Diets Using Untargeted LC-MS-based Plasma Metabolomics in a Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 26× |
| new Nordic diet (NND) | Affects - indicating effects of potential health benefit, including changes in | fat metabolism | Human | 146 subjects | Not specified | Biomarkers of Individual Foods, and Separation of Diets Using Untargeted LC-MS-based Plasma Metabolomics in a Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 26× |
| Western diet | Increases - the most significant changes involve | Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress, cholesterol biosynthesis, and fatty acid metabolism | Animal | mice | Not specified | Cisd2 Protects the Liver from Oxidative Stress and Ameliorates Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.cited 15× |
| Low AGE content in HMUFA diet | No effect - modulates | the gene expression related to AGE metabolism | Human | MetS patients | Not specified (dietary interventions only). | Dietary fat quantity and quality modifies advanced glycation end products metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome.cited 32× |
| polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - partially restored disruptions in | branched-chain amino acid metabolism | Animal | Ndufs4 KO mice | Not specified (PUFA-enriched HFD composition details not provided). | The therapeutic potential of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched high-fat diet in Leigh syndrome: Insights from a preclinical model. |
| polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - partially restored disruptions in | ketone body metabolism | Animal | Ndufs4 KO mice | Not specified (PUFA-enriched HFD composition details not provided). | The therapeutic potential of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched high-fat diet in Leigh syndrome: Insights from a preclinical model. |
| polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - partially restored disruptions in | lipid metabolism | Animal | Ndufs4 KO mice | Not specified (PUFA-enriched HFD composition details not provided). | The therapeutic potential of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched high-fat diet in Leigh syndrome: Insights from a preclinical model. |
| polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - partially restored disruptions in | TCA cycle metabolism | Animal | Ndufs4 KO mice | Not specified (PUFA-enriched HFD composition details not provided). | The therapeutic potential of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched high-fat diet in Leigh syndrome: Insights from a preclinical model. |
| oligofructose-enriched inulin (Synergy 1) administered for 3 months as a gluten-free diet (GFD) supplement | Increases - influences beneficially | overall AAs metabolism | Human | CD children | 10 g/day of Synergy 1 or placebo (maltodextrin) | Plasma profile and urine excretion of amino acids in children with celiac disease on gluten-free diet after oligofructose-enriched inulin intervention: results of a randomised placebo-controlled pilot study.cited 16× |
| high-protein diet (HPD) | Increases - enriched | HH_1414 (one of the orthologs in eggNOG) related to tryptophan metabolism | HumanAnimal | mice | Not specified | Exploration of the Potential Relationship Between Gut Microbiota Remodeling Under the Influence of High-Protein Diet and Crohn's Disease.cited 7× |
| glucose-free, high-protein diet (GFHPD) | Decreases - displayed a reduced | systemic glucose metabolism | HumanAnimalMolecular | AOM/DSS-treated mice | Not specified | Colorectal Cancer Progression Is Potently Reduced by a Glucose-Free, High-Protein Diet: Comparison to Anti-EGFR Therapy.cited 4× |
| ketogenic diet | Increases - represents a broad and promising strategy | brain metabolism | Molecular | — | Not specified | Impact of the Ketogenic Diet on Neurological Diseases: A Review.cited 2× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | No effect - aimed at switching | brain metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | Food and Food Products on the Italian Market for Ketogenic Dietary Treatment of Neurological Diseases.cited 16× |
| ketogenic diet | Increases - pronouncedly shifts | cellular metabolism | Human | — | Not specified. | Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Bioactive Properties of a Ketogenic Diet.cited 26× |
| ketogenic diet | No effect - causes changes | cerebral metabolism | Human | patients with neurological disorders | Not specified | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a promising modality for assessing ketogenic diet impact on the level of cerebral metabolites in the treatment of certain neurological disorders.cited 1× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Increases - improving | energy metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | Ketogenic diet in treating sepsis-related acquired weakness: is it friend or foe? |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | No effect - can alter | energy metabolism substrates | Human | — | Not specified | Ketogenic diet in treating sepsis-related acquired weakness: is it friend or foe? |
| ketogenic diet | Increases - mediated through improvements in | energy metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | Ketogenic diet as a therapeutic approach in autism spectrum disorder: a narrative review.cited 1× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Decreases - can alleviate | glucose metabolism disorders caused by alcohol use disorders | Molecular | — | Not specified | A ketogenic diet regulates microglial activation to treat drug addiction. |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Increases - increasing | ketone metabolism | Molecular | — | Not specified | A ketogenic diet regulates microglial activation to treat drug addiction. |
| Ketogenic diet (KD) | No effect - positive role is associated with significant and negative changes in | lipid metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | Ketogenic diet in epileptic children: impact on lipoproteins and oxidative stress.cited 14× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | No effect - has profound influence on | metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | Modulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function by the ketogenic diet.cited 124× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Increases - mimicking the fasting state, altering the default metabolism towards the use of ketones as the primary fuel source | metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?cited 9× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Increases - can positively impact | mitochondrial ROS/redox metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | The ketogenic diet as a therapeutic intervention strategy in mitochondrial disease.cited 23× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | No effect - causes changes in | the metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | Effect of the ketogenic diet in excitable tissues.cited 12× |
| starch- and sucrose-restricted diet (SSRD) | Increases - was observed by clear metabolic effects | linoleic acid metabolism | Human | patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | Not specified | Metabolic Profiling of Plasma in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome after a 4-Week Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet.cited 13× |
| balanced antiatherogenic lacto vegetarian diet | Decreases - agent for preventing | negative effect on lipid metabolism | Human | — | Not specified (dietary intervention only) | [Influence of combined lacto-vegetarian diet and selective beta-blocking agents on clinical and metabolic indices in patients with coronary heart disease]. |
| low-protein diet supplemented with Ketoanalogues | Increases - better bone mineral metabolism parameters | bone mineral metabolism parameters | Human | advanced chronic kidney disease patients | Not specified | Beneficial Effects of Ketoanalogues on the Evolution of Renal Function and Bone Mineral Disorders in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study. |
| 5-d diet rich in PUFA | No effect - There were no treatment differences | fasting metabolism | Human | fifteen normal-weight men | 50% fat diet (25% of energy from PUFA or MUFA). | Metabolic responses to high-fat diets rich in MUFA v. PUFA.cited 20× |
| 5-d diet rich in MUFA | No effect - There were no treatment differences | fasting metabolism | Human | fifteen normal-weight men | 50% fat diet (25% of energy from PUFA or MUFA). | Metabolic responses to high-fat diets rich in MUFA v. PUFA.cited 20× |
| low-fat diet | Increases - benefit more by eating | glucose metabolism | Human | participants with a higher genetic risk | Not specified | Genetic variation of fasting glucose and changes in glycemia in response to 2-year weight-loss diet intervention: the POUNDS LOST trial.cited 20× |
| complex diet supplement | Increases - greater | cell lipid metabolism | Human | obese mares | — | Adiposity in mares induces insulin dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction which can be mitigated by nutritional intervention. |
| diet-induced obesity | Decreases - associated with impaired | whole-body glucose metabolism | Animal | diet-induced obese mice | — | Intestinal Epithelial NAD+ Biosynthesis Regulates GLP-1 Production and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Mice. |
| vegan diet | No effect - changed | branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) metabolism | Human | 21 (11 female,10 male) healthy participants | Individual caloric needs met; exact amounts not specified. | A 48-Hour Vegan Diet Challenge in Healthy Women and Men Induces a BRANCH-Chain Amino Acid Related, Health Associated, Metabolic Signature.cited 24× |
| diet without vitamin B | No effect - no differences were found | liver triacylglycerol metabolism | Animal | Female C57BL/6RccHsd mice | — | The female mouse is resistant to mild vitamin B |
| diet without vitamin B | No effect - no differences were found | whole body energy and substrate metabolism measured by indirect calorimetry | Animal | Female C57BL/6RccHsd mice | — | The female mouse is resistant to mild vitamin B |
| a restricted diet including calorie restriction, hot water drinking, walking, and sexual self-restraint | Increases - normalized | glucose/lipids metabolism | Human | Main group | Not specified | Weight loss treatment for COVID-19 in patients with NCDs: a pilot prospective clinical trial. |
| high-fat diet-induced obesity | No effect - connects | the alteration of lipid metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | High-fat diets: You are what you eat….your extracellular vesicles too!cited 2× |
| Reducing digestible carbohydrates in the diet | Decreases - improve | glucose metabolism disorders caused by dietary factors | Animal | — | Not specified | Low intake of digestible carbohydrates ameliorates duodenal absorption of carbohydrates in mice with glucose metabolism disorders induced by artificial sweeteners.cited 10× |
| dextrose diet | Increases - were carbohydrate starved and favored | respiratory metabolism and consequent metabolic stress management | Animal | gut communities | Not specified | Short-Term Dietary Intervention with Whole Oats Protects from Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis.cited 2× |
| lecithin-rich diet | No effect - can modify | cholesterol homeostasis and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism | Human | — | 500 mg daily (one capsule) | Influence of soy lecithin administration on hypercholesterolemia.cited 12× |
| red meat-based diet | Increases - elevated | (acyl)carnitine metabolism | AnimalMolecular | colon tissue of animals | — | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Elevated L-Carnitine Metabolism in Pig and Rat Colon Tissue Following Red Versus White Meat Intake. |
| high dose of beef diet | Increases - increased | carnitine metabolism | AnimalMolecular | rats | — | Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Elevated L-Carnitine Metabolism in Pig and Rat Colon Tissue Following Red Versus White Meat Intake. |
| high-unsaturated-fat diet | No effect - did not affect | metabolism of HDL lacking apoE | Human | 9 adults who were overweight or obese and had below-average HDL-cholesterol | Not specified | Dietary unsaturated fat increases HDL metabolic pathways involving apoE favorable to reverse cholesterol transport.cited 28× |
| feeding mice in their early life a diet containing a lipid structure more similar to human milk (eIMF, Nuturis) | Increases - have higher | hepatic levels of proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism and oxidation | Animal | eIMF-fed mice | — | Effects of an early life diet containing large phospholipid-coated lipid globules on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. |
| feeding mice in their early life a diet containing a lipid structure more similar to human milk (eIMF, Nuturis) | No effect - were similar | parameters of bile acid metabolism | Animal | Male C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice | — | Effects of an early life diet containing large phospholipid-coated lipid globules on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. |
| ketogenic diet and its variants | No effect - may have a potential modulation effect | metabolism of immune cells | Human | — | Not specified | Ketogenic Diet and Neuroinflammation: Implications for Neuroimmunometabolism and Therapeutic Approaches to Refractory Epilepsy.cited 2× |
| high-sucrose/low-fat diet | Decreases - impaired | glucose metabolism | Animal | mice with impaired mitochondrial metabolism | — | Opposing effects of dietary sugar and saturated fat on cardiovascular risk factors and glucose metabolism in mitochondrially impaired mice. |
| high-saturated fat/low-sugar diet | No effect - no concomitant improvement | glucose metabolism | Animal | mice with impaired mitochondrial metabolism | — | Opposing effects of dietary sugar and saturated fat on cardiovascular risk factors and glucose metabolism in mitochondrially impaired mice. |
| Combined high-fructose, high-fat, high-cholesterol diet and ethanol administration (FFC-EtOH) | Increases - enriched the hepatic transcriptome for | genes involved in lipid metabolism | Animal | Male C57BL6/J mice | High-fructose, high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (FFC) for 4 weeks, followed by 5% ethanol in drinking water plus weekly 2.5 g/kg ethanol gavage for 12 weeks | Concomitant western diet and chronic-binge alcohol dysregulate hepatic metabolism.cited 7× |
| 35% SP diet | Increases - are more effective | glucolipid metabolism | Human | patients with T2DN | 35% and 100% SP diets (percentage of total protein intake). | Comparison of the effects of different percentages of soy protein in the diet on patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: systematic reviews and network meta-analysis.cited 2× |
| 100% SP diet | Increases - are more effective | glucolipid metabolism | Human | patients with T2DN | 35% and 100% SP diets (percentage of total protein intake). | Comparison of the effects of different percentages of soy protein in the diet on patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: systematic reviews and network meta-analysis.cited 2× |
| Mediterranean-type diet and daily consumption of 2 to 3 dairy products | No effect - provide | calcium and "high quality" protein required to maintain a normal calcium-phosphorus balance and bone metabolism | Human | — | 2 to 3 dairy products daily. | Dietary recommendations in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.cited 20× |
| high-fat diet feeding | Increases - exhibited that AA metabolism was the most enriched pathway | AA metabolism | Animal | obesity-prone and obesity-resistant male C57BL/6J mice | Not specified | Distinct Gut Microbiota and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Obesity-Prone and Obesity-Resistant Mice with a High-Fat Diet.cited 3× |
| high-fat diet feeding | Decreases - were significantly reduced | products involved in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism | Animal | obesity-resistant male C57BL/6J mice | Not specified | Distinct Gut Microbiota and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Obesity-Prone and Obesity-Resistant Mice with a High-Fat Diet.cited 3× |
| micronutrients and extracts from several components and characteristic food of the Mediterranean Diet | Decreases - can favorably modulate | PAF's actions and metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | Mediterranean diet and platelet-activating factor; a systematic review.cited 38× |
| Addition of ω-3 FAEE supplementation to a moderate weight-loss diet | Increases - can significantly improve | chylomicron metabolism | Human | obese subjects | 4 g/d ω-3 FAEE (46% eicosapentaenoic acid and 38% docosahexaenoic acid). | Effect of ω-3 fatty acid ethyl esters on apolipoprotein B-48 kinetics in obese subjects on a weight-loss diet: a new tracer kinetic study in the postprandial state.cited 22× |
| combination of ketogenic diet and aerobic exercise | Increases - upregulated | expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes (CPT-1b, HADH, PGC-1α, FGF21) | Animal | hindlimb-unloaded mice | Moderate-intensity treadmill running (12 m/min, 60 min/day, 6 days/week). | Combined Effects of Ketogenic Diet and Aerobic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Fiber Remodeling and Metabolic Adaptation in Simulated Microgravity Mice. |
| combination of ketogenic diet and aerobic exercise | Increases - enhancing | lipid metabolism and ketone utilization | Animal | hindlimb-unloaded mice | Moderate-intensity treadmill running (12 m/min, 60 min/day, 6 days/week). | Combined Effects of Ketogenic Diet and Aerobic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Fiber Remodeling and Metabolic Adaptation in Simulated Microgravity Mice. |
| combination of ketogenic diet and aerobic exercise | Increases - enhancing | lipid metabolism gene expression (CPT-1b, HADH, and PGC-1α) | Animal | hindlimb-unloaded mice | Moderate-intensity treadmill running (12 m/min, 60 min/day, 6 days/week). | Combined Effects of Ketogenic Diet and Aerobic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Fiber Remodeling and Metabolic Adaptation in Simulated Microgravity Mice. |
| green coffee bean extract combined with an energy-restricted diet | No effect - affects | lipid metabolism | Human | obese people | 400 mg green coffee bean extract daily. | Energy restriction combined with green coffee bean extract affects serum adipocytokines and the body composition in obese women.cited 38× |
| LFHCC (n-3) diet | No effect - did not augment | postprandial TG metabolism | Human | MetS patients | 1.24 g/d of long-chain (n-3) PUFA or placebo (1.24 g/d of high-oleic sunflower-seed oil). | A low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diet supplemented with long-chain (n-3) fatty acids alters the postprandial lipoprotein profile in patients with metabolic syndrome.cited 40× |
| LFHCC (n-3) diet | No effect - did not augment | TRL metabolism | Human | MetS patients | 1.24 g/d of long-chain (n-3) PUFA or placebo (1.24 g/d of high-oleic sunflower-seed oil). | A low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diet supplemented with long-chain (n-3) fatty acids alters the postprandial lipoprotein profile in patients with metabolic syndrome.cited 40× |
| maternal obesity and/or the consumption of a high-fat diet | Increases - effecting | maternal lipid profiles and metabolism | Human | mothers | Not specified | Altered maternal and placental lipid metabolism and fetal fat development in obesity: Current knowledge and advances in non-invasive assessment.cited 53× |
| Mediterranean diet | Increases - produced an upregulation | AGE metabolism | Human | Non-increased IMT-CC patients | Not specified | Modulation of circulating levels of advanced glycation end products and its impact on intima-media thickness of both common carotid arteries: CORDIOPREV randomised controlled trial.cited 3× |
| Mediterranean (Med) diet | Decreases - reduces | gene expression related to AGEs metabolism | Human | healthy elderly people | Not specified. | Mediterranean Diet Supplemented With Coenzyme Q10 Modulates the Postprandial Metabolism of Advanced Glycation End Products in Elderly Men and Women.cited 39× |
| Mediterranean diet | No effect - regulation | lipid metabolism | Human | — | Not specified | Global research dynamics in the Mediterranean diet and diabetes mellitus: a bibliometric study from 2014 to 2024.cited 1× |
| Mediterranean diet (Med-D) | Increases - improves | postprandial glucose metabolism | Human | overweight/obese individuals | Not specified | Acute and chronic improvement in postprandial glucose metabolism by a diet resembling the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern: Can SCFAs play a role?cited 51× |
| inadequately balanced gluten-free diet | Decreases - negatively affect | glucose and lipid metabolism | Human | patients with celiac disease | Not Assessed | Multidimensional Disadvantages of a Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review.cited 23× |
| lifestyle changes such as low caloric diet like IF and exercise | Increases - can improve | lipid metabolism and liver enzymes | Human | — | 16:8 IF (fasting from 8 P.M. to 12 P.M. the next day). | The effects of intermittent fasting diet in comparison with low-calorie diet on lipid profile, glycemic status, and liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD): a study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 2× |
| Tinospora cordifolia stem powder (TCP) supplementation in high fat diet | No effect - maintaining | energy metabolism | Animal | HFD-fed rats | Not specified (stem powder of T. cordifolia supplemented in high-fat diet). | Tinospora cordifolia ameliorates brain functions impairments associated with high fat diet induced obesity.cited 13× |
| balanced antiatherogenis of vegetarian diet | No effect - promotes correction | lipid metabolism | Human | patients of ischemic heart disease in elderly age (average age 72.3 years) | Not specified | [Vegetarian diet in treating elderly patients with ischemic heart disease (clinico-hemodynamic, biochemical, and hemorheological effects)]. |
| ITF-supplemented diet | Decreases - partially reversed the changes | markers of glycolipid metabolism disorders | Animal | — | 3.33 g/kg/day | The Protective Effects of Inulin-Type Fructans Against High-Fat/Sucrose Diet-Induced Gestational Diabetes Mice in Association With Gut Microbiota Regulation.cited 14× |
| a diet rich in raspberry | Increases - highlight the impact | immune function and phospholipid metabolism | Human | — | Not specified for β-alanine (raspberry dose: 280 g/day). | Effects of Daily Raspberry Consumption on Immune-Metabolic Health in Subjects at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 21× |
| acid-genic diet consumption | Increases - supports the hypothesis of | bone metabolism worsening | Human | — | Not specified | Diet-induced acidosis and alkali supplementation.cited 25× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Increases - improving | lipid metabolism | Animal | C57 BL/6 J mice with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | Effects of low-carbohydrate diet and ketogenic diet on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice.cited 26× |
| low-protein/low-Met diet with Cys-enriched amino acid supplements | No effect - Treatment should be started as early as possible and may include | disorders of sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism | Human | patients with human genetic disorders of sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism | Not specified | Lessons Learned from Inherited Metabolic Disorders of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Metabolism.cited 21× |
| surplus of macronutrients such as in a high-fat diet | No effect - can affect | glucose/lipid metabolism | HumanMolecular | — | Not specified | Nutriepigenetics and cardiovascular disease.cited 33× |
| low-FODMAP diet treatment | Increases - had higher abundance | methane and SCFA metabolism pathways | Human | patients with high response | Not specified | Methane and fatty acid metabolism pathways are predictive of Low-FODMAP diet efficacy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome.cited 26× |