Tibet Kefir Milk Regulated Metabolic Changes Induced by High-Fat Diet via Amino Acids, Bile Acids, and Equol Metabolism in Human-Microbiota-Associated Rats.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to confirm the effects of Tibet kefir milk (TKM) on gut microbiota and metabolism in an obesity model using human-microbiota-associated rats.
Results Summary
TKM intervention altered gut microbiota and metabolomics, restoring bile acid metabolism, modifying amino acid metabolism, and elevating anti-obesity factors, which contributed to reduced fat deposition. The study noted specific metabolite changes in TKM groups compared to the high-fat diet group.
Population
Human-microbiota-associated rats fed a high-fat diet to establish an obesity model.
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
8 weeks
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high-fat diet (HFD) | increase | enterotype | human-microbiota-associated rats | from ET1 (Prevotella/Akkermansia-dominant) to ET2 (Bacteroides/Akkermansia-dominant) | switched | #1 |
high-fat diet (HFD) | increase | Branched-chain amino-acids- and aromatic amino-acids-metabolism | human-microbiota-associated rats | - | increased | #2 |
high-fat diet (HFD) | decrease | taurine-conjugated bile acids | human-microbiota-associated rats | - | decreased | #3 |
Tibet kefir milk (TKM1) | increase | taurocholic acid | human-microbiota-associated rats | - | increased | #4 |
Tibet kefir milk (TKM2) | decrease | l-threonine | human-microbiota-associated rats | - | decreased | #5 |
Tibet kefir milk (TKM2) | increase | equol | human-microbiota-associated rats | - | increased | #6 |
Tibet kefir milk (TKM2) | increase | taurochenodeoxycholate | human-microbiota-associated rats | - | increased | #7 |
Tibet kefir milk (TKM2) | increase | taurodeoxycholic acid | human-microbiota-associated rats | - | increased | #8 |
Tibet kefir milk (TKM) | increase | bile acid metabolism | TKM-intervened animals | - | restorative | #9 |
Tibet kefir milk (TKM) | increase | metabolic pattern of amino acids | TKM-intervened animals | - | modified | #10 |
Tibet kefir milk (TKM) | increase | anti-obesity factors | TKM-intervened animals | - | elevation | #11 |
Tibet kefir milk (TKM) | decrease | fat deposition | host | - | reducing | #12 |
This study aimed to confirm the effects of Tibet kefir milk (TKM) on gut microbiota and metabolism. An obesity model was established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) to human-microbiota-associated rats. Next-generation sequencing and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were applied for gut microbiota and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. After 8 weeks of feeding, the enterotype in the HFD group was switched from ET1 (Prevotella/Akkermansia-dominant) to ET2 (Bacteroides/Akkermansia-dominant). Branched-chain amino-acids- and aromatic amino-acids-metabolism increased, and taurine-conjugated bile acids decreased in the HFD group. Compared with the HFD group, taurocholic acid increased in the TKM1 group, while l-threonine decreased, and equol, taurochenodeoxycholate, and taurodeoxycholic acid increased in the TKM2 group. The metabolite alteration suggested restorative bile acid metabolism, modified metabolic pattern of amino acids, and elevation of anti-obesity factors in the TKM-intervened animals. It can be deduced that changes by TKM intervention in the host gut metabolites are the major contributors to reducing fat deposition.