Evaluation of Serum and Urine Amino Acids in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease and Healthy Dogs Fed a Renal Diet.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to evaluate serum and urinary amino acid concentrations in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) fed a renal diet, comparing them to healthy dogs.
Results Summary
Dogs with CKD fed a renal diet showed higher serum levels of several essential amino acids (EAAs) compared to healthy controls, while some non-essential AAs were lower. Urinary EAA concentrations and ratios also differed between groups, indicating altered AA metabolism in CKD dogs.
Population
Dogs with CKD stages 3 or 4 and healthy adult dogs.
Effective Dosage
Not specified (commercial renal diet).
Duration
180 days for CKD dogs, 30 days for healthy controls.
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
commercial therapeutic renal diet with reduced protein and phosphorus levels | increase | serum histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, citrulline, ornithine, taurine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), and total essential amino acids (EAA) | dogs with CKD stages 3 or 4 (RG T180) | - | were higher | #1 |
commercial therapeutic renal diet with reduced protein and phosphorus levels | increase | serum arginine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, serine, and tyrosine | healthy dogs (CG T30) | - | were higher | #2 |
commercial therapeutic renal diet with reduced protein and phosphorus levels | increase | serum phenylalanine, tryptophan, and hydroxyproline | dogs with CKD before consuming a renal diet (RG T0) | - | were higher | #3 |
commercial therapeutic renal diet with reduced protein and phosphorus levels | increase | serum ratios of arginine/citrulline, tyrosine/phenylalanine, and serine/glycine | healthy dogs (CG T30) | - | were higher | #4 |
commercial therapeutic renal diet with reduced protein and phosphorus levels | increase | urinary isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, aspartate, cysteine, and BCAA | dogs with CKD stages 3 or 4 (RG T180) | - | were higher | #5 |
commercial therapeutic renal diet with reduced protein and phosphorus levels | increase | urinary total EAA/total non-essential AA ratio | dogs with CKD stages 3 or 4 (RG T180) | - | was higher | #6 |
commercial therapeutic renal diet with reduced protein and phosphorus levels | increase | urinary tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio | healthy dogs (CG T30) | - | was higher | #7 |
combination of renal diet and conservative treatment over 6 months | neutral | amino acids metabolism | dogs with CKD stages 3 or 4 | - | affected | #8 |
This observational study aimed to evaluate serum and urinary amino acid (AA) concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) fed a commercial therapeutic renal diet with reduced protein and phosphorus levels. Ten dogs with CKD stages 3 or 4 composed the study group and received the renal diet for 180 days (RG T180). A control group (CG T30) composed of seven healthy dogs was fed a renal diet for 30 days. When comparing serum AA between RG T180 and CG T30, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, cysteine, citrulline, ornithine, taurine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), and total essential amino acids (EAA) were higher in RG T180. Meanwhile, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, serine, and tyrosine were higher in CG T30. Serum phenylalanine, tryptophan, and hydroxyproline were higher in RG T0 (dogs with CKD before consuming a renal diet) when compared to RG T180. In addition, the serum ratios of arginine/citrulline, tyrosine/phenylalanine, and serine/glycine were higher in CG T30 than in RG T180. Concerning urinary AA concentrations in CKD dogs, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, aspartate, cysteine, and BCAA were higher in RG T180. In urine, the total EAA/total non-essential AA ratio in RG T180 was higher than in CG T30 as well as tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio higher in CG T30. In conclusion, the combination of renal diet and conservative treatment over 6 months in dogs with CKD stages 3 or 4 affected the AAs metabolism when compared to healthy adult dogs.