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Evidence suggests Walking mayincreaseWalking ability.
186 studies (337 claims)
Moderate consensus
Typical effective dose 40 (10–70) %across 6 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6-week, home-based, self-directed walking program | Increases - significantly increased | walking minutes per week | Human | women in the Intervention group | Not specified (self-directed walking program). | Randomized Controlled Trial of a Home-Based Walking Program to Reduce Moderate to Severe Aromatase Inhibitor-Associated Arthralgia in Breast Cancer Survivors.cited 54× |
| internet-based walking program with tailored step-count goals | Increases - promote walking | regular walking | Human | Sedentary adults with documented lower extremity PAD | Not specified (intervention involves tailored step-count goals). | The Physical Activity Daily (PAD) Trial: The rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial evaluating an internet walking program to improve maximal walking distance among patients with peripheral arterial disease.cited 6× |
| internet-based walking program | Increases - examine the effectiveness | promotion of regular walking | Human | patients with PAD | Not specified (intervention involves tailored step-count goals). | The Physical Activity Daily (PAD) Trial: The rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial evaluating an internet walking program to improve maximal walking distance among patients with peripheral arterial disease.cited 6× |
| telephone counseling to promote walking | Increases - promote walking | regular walking | Human | Sedentary adults with documented lower extremity PAD | Not specified (intervention involves tailored step-count goals). | The Physical Activity Daily (PAD) Trial: The rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial evaluating an internet walking program to improve maximal walking distance among patients with peripheral arterial disease.cited 6× |
| combination of telephone counseling with the internet-based walking program | Increases - promote walking | regular walking | Human | Sedentary adults with documented lower extremity PAD | Not specified (intervention involves tailored step-count goals). | The Physical Activity Daily (PAD) Trial: The rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial evaluating an internet walking program to improve maximal walking distance among patients with peripheral arterial disease.cited 6× |
| walking with rhythmic auditory stimulation | No effect - does not provide a beneficial effect | walking | Human | chronic patients after stroke | 30 minutes, three times a week for 4 weeks. | Walking with rhythmic auditory stimulation in chronic patients after stroke: A pilot randomized controlled trial.cited 10× |
| treadmill walking over 10 weeks with cognitive distraction | Increases - improved | ST walking | Human | Adults six-months post stroke with walking impairment | Twenty sessions of 30-minute treadmill walking over 10 weeks. | Dual-task walking and automaticity after Stroke: Insights from a secondary analysis and imaging sub-study of a randomised controlled trial.cited 16× |
| treadmill walking over 10 weeks without cognitive distraction | Increases - improved | ST walking | Human | Adults six-months post stroke with walking impairment | Twenty sessions of 30-minute treadmill walking over 10 weeks. | Dual-task walking and automaticity after Stroke: Insights from a secondary analysis and imaging sub-study of a randomised controlled trial.cited 16× |
| community-based walking exercise program with training, monitoring and coaching (TMC) components | No effect - did not significantly improve | peak walking time (PWT) | Human | PAD patients | Not specified | Community-based walking exercise for peripheral artery disease: An exploratory pilot study.cited 42× |
| community-based walking exercise program with training, monitoring and coaching (TMC) components | Increases - Changes in WIQ scores were greater for intervention patients compared with control patients | Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) scores | Human | PAD patients | Not specified | Community-based walking exercise for peripheral artery disease: An exploratory pilot study.cited 42× |
| Supervised walking exercise | Increases - is an effective treatment to improve | walking ability | Human | patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) | Not specified | Community-based walking exercise for peripheral artery disease: An exploratory pilot study.cited 42× |
| six-minute walking test (6MWT) | No effect - preference towards | walking-related fatigability (WF) | Human | different populations | Not available | Measuring walking-related performance fatigability in clinical practice: a systematic review.cited 32× |
| longer walking test | No effect - most often used | walking-related fatigability (WF) | Human | different populations | Not available | Measuring walking-related performance fatigability in clinical practice: a systematic review.cited 32× |
| supervised group-based walking intervention | No effect - will be measured by participants' changes | walking performance | Human | older adults in Hong Kong | Not specified | Effectiveness of a supervised group-based walking program on physical, psychological and social outcomes among older adults: a randomised controlled trial protocol.cited 1× |
| six-month brisk walking and balance program | Increases - promotes | walking capacity | Human | people with mild to moderate PD | 10 supervised 90-minute sessions (weeks 1-6: once/week, weeks 7-26: once/month) plus 2-3 self-practice sessions weekly. | Six-Month Community-Based Brisk Walking and Balance Exercise Alleviates Motor Symptoms and Promotes Functions in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 39× |
| Backward Walking Training (BWT) | Increases - greater improvements | backward walking speed | Human | individuals 1-week poststroke | Eight, 30-minute sessions of BWT or SBT in addition to scheduled therapy. | A Backward Walking Training Program to Improve Balance and Mobility in Acute Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 42× |
| Backward Walking Training (BWT) | Increases - greater improvements | forward walking speed | Human | individuals 1-week poststroke | Eight, 30-minute sessions of BWT or SBT in addition to scheduled therapy. | A Backward Walking Training Program to Improve Balance and Mobility in Acute Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 42× |
| backward walking training | Increases - demonstrated significant improvement | walking speed | Human | children with cerebral palsy | Training was conducted three times a week for 4 weeks, 40 minutes per day. | A Backward Walking Training Program to Improve Balance and Mobility in Children with Cerebral Palsy.cited 5× |
| backward walking training | Increases - showed significant improvement | walking speed | Human | children with cerebral palsy | Training was conducted three times a week for 4 weeks, 40 minutes per day. | A Backward Walking Training Program to Improve Balance and Mobility in Children with Cerebral Palsy.cited 5× |
| forward walking training | Increases - showed significant improvement | walking speed | Human | children with cerebral palsy | Training was conducted three times a week for 4 weeks, 40 minutes per day. | A Backward Walking Training Program to Improve Balance and Mobility in Children with Cerebral Palsy.cited 5× |
| backward walking training | Increases - improved | walking speed | Human | children with cerebral palsy | Not specified | Addition of backward walking training to forward walking training improves walking speed in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. |
| backward walking training | Increases - appears to be as effective or slightly superior to forward walking training for improving | walking speed | Human | children with CP | Not specified | Addition of backward walking training to forward walking training improves walking speed in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. |
| addition of backward walking training | Increases - increased | walking speed | Human | children with cerebral palsy | Not specified | Addition of backward walking training to forward walking training improves walking speed in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. |
| addition of backward walking training | Increases - statistically significantly and clinically important enhanced benefits on | walking speed | Human | — | Not specified | Addition of backward walking training to forward walking training improves walking speed in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. |
| backward walking training | Increases - is similar as or better than that of forward walking training for improving | walking speed | Human | adults following stroke | Not specified | Backward walking training is as effective as or better than forward walking training for improving walking speed after stroke: a systematic review with meta-analysis. |
| backward walking training | No effect - Maintenance of effects beyond the intervention period remains uncertain | walking speed, cadence, and stride length | Human | adults following stroke | Not specified | Backward walking training is as effective as or better than forward walking training for improving walking speed after stroke: a systematic review with meta-analysis. |
| addition of backward walking training to forward walking training | Increases - provided negligible effects on | walking speed | Human | adults following stroke | Not specified | Backward walking training is as effective as or better than forward walking training for improving walking speed after stroke: a systematic review with meta-analysis. |
| backward walking training | Increases - significant improvement | walking velocity | Human | children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy | 25 minutes per session, three sessions per week. | Effectiveness of backward walking training on walking ability in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial.cited 25× |
| Walking and mHealth to Increase Participation in Parkinson Disease (WHIP-PD) study | No effect - will examine if | change in amount of walking activity mediates change in walking capacity | Human | participants with early to mid-stage Parkinson disease (PD) | Not specified (customized program of goal-oriented walking and strengthening exercises). | Design of the WHIP-PD study: a phase II, twelve-month, dual-site, randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of a cognitive-behavioral approach for promoting enhanced walking activity using mobile health technology in people with Parkinson-disease.cited 12× |
| Walking and mHealth to Increase Participation in Parkinson Disease (WHIP-PD) study | No effect - will examine if | self-efficacy mediates change in amount of walking activity | Human | participants with early to mid-stage Parkinson disease (PD) | Not specified (customized program of goal-oriented walking and strengthening exercises). | Design of the WHIP-PD study: a phase II, twelve-month, dual-site, randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of a cognitive-behavioral approach for promoting enhanced walking activity using mobile health technology in people with Parkinson-disease.cited 12× |
| Nordic walking programme | No effect - suggested no benefit | maximum walking distance (MWD) improvements | Human | PAD patients | — | Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials Examining the Benefit of Exercise Programmes Using Nordic Walking in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease.cited 12× |
| partially supervised or home based Nordic walking programmes | Increases - favoured | maximum walking distance (MWD) improvements | Human | PAD patients | — | Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials Examining the Benefit of Exercise Programmes Using Nordic Walking in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease.cited 12× |
| completely supervised Nordic walking programmes | No effect - were similar | maximum walking distance (MWD) improvements | Human | PAD patients | — | Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials Examining the Benefit of Exercise Programmes Using Nordic Walking in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease.cited 12× |
| SET, using intermittent bouts of walking exercise to moderate claudication pain on a treadmill | Increases - is considered the most efficacious mode of exercise to improve | walking ability | Human | patients with claudication | Intermittent bouts of walking exercise to moderate claudication pain on a treadmill (specific frequency/duration not detailed). | Connecting the past to the present: A historical review of exercise training for peripheral artery disease.cited 9× |
| walking adaptability training | No effect - No significant difference | maximal walking speed | Human | people with motor incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) | 11 hours of GRAIL training (walking adaptability group) or 11 hours of treadmill training and lower-body strength exercises (conventional group). | Efficacy of Walking Adaptability Training on Walking Capacity in Ambulatory People With Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Multicenter Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 1× |
| walking adaptability training | Increases - significant improvements over time | maximal walking speed | Human | people with motor incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) | 11 hours of GRAIL training (walking adaptability group) or 11 hours of treadmill training and lower-body strength exercises (conventional group). | Efficacy of Walking Adaptability Training on Walking Capacity in Ambulatory People With Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Multicenter Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 1× |
| active TENS applied while walking | No effect - is no better than de-tuned TENS | walking ability | Human | patients with degenerative LSS | Not specified | Effect of active TENS versus de-tuned TENS on walking capacity in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized controlled trial.cited 12× |
| explicit motor learning walking intervention | Increases - can be used to improve | walking speed | Human | people after stroke who are in the chronic phase of recovery | 9 training sessions (30 minutes each) over 3 weeks. | Implicit and Explicit Motor Learning Interventions Have Similar Effects on Walking Speed in People After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 11× |
| implicit motor learning walking intervention | No effect - is not superior to explicit motor learning | walking speed | Human | people after stroke in the chronic phase of recovery | 9 training sessions (30 minutes each) over 3 weeks. | Implicit and Explicit Motor Learning Interventions Have Similar Effects on Walking Speed in People After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 11× |
| implicit motor learning walking intervention | No effect - no statistically or clinically relevant differences between groups were obtained postintervention | walking speed | Human | people after stroke in the chronic phase of recovery | 9 training sessions (30 minutes each) over 3 weeks. | Implicit and Explicit Motor Learning Interventions Have Similar Effects on Walking Speed in People After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 11× |
| implicit motor learning walking intervention | No effect - no statistically or clinically relevant differences between groups were obtained at follow-up | walking speed | Human | people after stroke in the chronic phase of recovery | 9 training sessions (30 minutes each) over 3 weeks. | Implicit and Explicit Motor Learning Interventions Have Similar Effects on Walking Speed in People After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 11× |
| implicit motor learning walking intervention | Increases - can be used to improve | walking speed | Human | people after stroke who are in the chronic phase of recovery | 9 training sessions (30 minutes each) over 3 weeks. | Implicit and Explicit Motor Learning Interventions Have Similar Effects on Walking Speed in People After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 11× |
| 48-week walking programme | Increases - significantly more time | walking for exercise | Human | intervention group participants | Self-paced walking program with three mailed manuals and telephone coaching (specific frequency not detailed). | The impact of a home-based walking programme on falls in older people: the Easy Steps randomised controlled trial.cited 63× |
| walking on a self-paced treadmill in a virtual environment (TM+) | Decreases - Subjects walked slower | walking speed | Human | 11 typically developing (TD) children and 9 children with cerebral palsy (CP) | Not specified | Overground versus self-paced treadmill walking in a virtual environment in children with cerebral palsy.cited 46× |
| walking in a conventional gait lab (CGL) | Decreases - Subjects walked slower | walking speed | Human | 11 typically developing (TD) children and 9 children with cerebral palsy (CP) | Not specified | Overground versus self-paced treadmill walking in a virtual environment in children with cerebral palsy.cited 46× |
| 7-week group-based outdoor walking exercise therapy intervention | Decreases - substantial between-group changes were observed (beneficial changes in WALK vs no changes in CONTROL) | 12-item MS Walking Scale (MSWS) | Human | ambulatory pwMS | One continuous and one intermittent supervised walking session per week at moderate-to-high intensity, personalized to each participant's starting level. | Outdoor walking exercise therapy improves walking capacity and well-being in persons with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. |
| 7-week group-based outdoor walking exercise therapy intervention | Increases - elicited multiple beneficial effects | walking capacity and mental well-being | Human | persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) | One continuous and one intermittent supervised walking session per week at moderate-to-high intensity, personalized to each participant's starting level. | Outdoor walking exercise therapy improves walking capacity and well-being in persons with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. |
| 7-week group-based outdoor walking exercise therapy intervention | No effect - remained unaffected | walking fatigability indexes | Human | ambulatory pwMS | One continuous and one intermittent supervised walking session per week at moderate-to-high intensity, personalized to each participant's starting level. | Outdoor walking exercise therapy improves walking capacity and well-being in persons with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. |
| ambulatory-measured walking capacity | No effect - assessment of | community-based walking capacity | Human | patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) | Not specified | Clinical Interest of Ambulatory Assessment of Physical Activity and Walking Capacity in Peripheral Artery Disease.cited 10× |
| ambulatory-measured walking capacity | No effect - association with | patient's self-perception of walking capacity | Human | patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) | Not specified | Clinical Interest of Ambulatory Assessment of Physical Activity and Walking Capacity in Peripheral Artery Disease.cited 10× |
| ambulatory-measured walking capacity | No effect - use of new outcomes to characterize | walking capacity | Human | patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) | Not specified | Clinical Interest of Ambulatory Assessment of Physical Activity and Walking Capacity in Peripheral Artery Disease.cited 10× |
| walking aids | Decreases - were associated with poor performance | 4-m walking speed test performance | Human | patients aged 20-69 years with a femoral neck fracture | Not applicable | Function, sarcopenia and osteoporosis 10 years after a femoral neck fracture in patients younger than 70 years.cited 4× |
| home-based telemonitored Nordic walking (NW) | Increases - resulted in significant improvement in | six-minute walking test (6-MWT) distance | Human | HF patients, New York Heart Association (NYHA) II-III; left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40% | Five times weekly | Home-based telemonitored Nordic walking training is well accepted, safe, effective and has high adherence among heart failure patients, including those with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: a randomised controlled study.cited 123× |
| independent Nordic walking | Increases - >80% women managed | one to two Nordic walking sessions per week | Human | women with AIAA | Six-week supervised group Nordic walking once per week, followed by six weeks of 4 × 30 minutes/week independent Nordic walking. | Nordic Walking as an Exercise Intervention to Reduce Pain in Women With Aromatase Inhibitor-Associated Arthralgia: A Feasibility Study.cited 44× |
| six-week supervised group Nordic walking training once per week with an increasing independent element, followed by six weeks 4 × 30 minutes/week independent Nordic walking | Increases - adherence was >90% for | weekly supervised group Nordic walking | Human | women with AIAA | Six-week supervised group Nordic walking once per week, followed by six weeks of 4 × 30 minutes/week independent Nordic walking. | Nordic Walking as an Exercise Intervention to Reduce Pain in Women With Aromatase Inhibitor-Associated Arthralgia: A Feasibility Study.cited 44× |
| transcutaneous peroneal nerve stimulator while walking (tPNS) | Increases - exhibited significant differences in | walking speed of affected side | Human | patients with chronic stroke and ankle-foot motor impairment | Not specified (intervention involved using the tPNS device during walking tasks). | Spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic assessment of the effects of a foot drop stimulator for home-based rehabilitation of patients with chronic stroke: a randomized clinical trial.cited 5× |
| participant-determined follow-up: either no walking-aid, orthotic-garment or cane | Decreases - independent-walking with no assistive-device | walking-aid usage | Human | P2 | Orthotic-garment worn throughout the day with maximal cane-use reduction. | Replacing canes with an elasticated orthotic-garment in chronic stroke patients - The influence on gait and balance. A series of N-of-1 trials.cited 3× |
| participant-determined follow-up: either no walking-aid, orthotic-garment or cane | No effect - usual cane-usage | walking-aid usage | Human | S3 | Orthotic-garment worn throughout the day with maximal cane-use reduction. | Replacing canes with an elasticated orthotic-garment in chronic stroke patients - The influence on gait and balance. A series of N-of-1 trials.cited 3× |
| participant-determined follow-up: either no walking-aid, orthotic-garment or cane | Decreases - orthotic-garment with reduced cane-usage | walking-aid usage | Human | P4 | Orthotic-garment worn throughout the day with maximal cane-use reduction. | Replacing canes with an elasticated orthotic-garment in chronic stroke patients - The influence on gait and balance. A series of N-of-1 trials.cited 3× |
| participant-determined follow-up: either no walking-aid, orthotic-garment or cane | No effect - usual cane-usage | walking-aid usage | Human | P4 | Orthotic-garment worn throughout the day with maximal cane-use reduction. | Replacing canes with an elasticated orthotic-garment in chronic stroke patients - The influence on gait and balance. A series of N-of-1 trials.cited 3× |
| Walk Well walking programme | No effect - not a significant increase in | walking | Human | participants | Not specified. | A qualitative exploration of participants' experiences of taking part in a walking programme: Perceived benefits, barriers, choices and use of intervention resources.cited 10× |
| regularly intensive walking exercise | Increases - improves | walking ability | Human | PAD patients | Not specified | Intensive walking exercise for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 26× |
| intensive walking exercise | Increases - significantly improved | 6-min walking distance | Human | patients with PAD | Not specified | Intensive walking exercise for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 26× |
| intensive walking exercise | Increases - significantly improved | maximal walking distance (MWD) | Human | patients with PAD | Not specified | Intensive walking exercise for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 26× |
| intensive walking exercise | Increases - a lesser improvement in MWD was observed | maximal walking distance (MWD) | Human | the subgroup with more diabetes patients | Not specified | Intensive walking exercise for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 26× |
| intensive walking exercise | Increases - significantly improved | pain-free walking distance | Human | patients with PAD | Not specified | Intensive walking exercise for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 26× |
| intensive walking exercise | Increases - exhibited greater improvement | walking performance | Human | the subgroup with better baseline walking ability | Not specified | Intensive walking exercise for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 26× |
| intensive walking exercise | Increases - similar improvements | walking performance | Human | — | Not specified | Intensive walking exercise for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 26× |
| community walking training programme with simultaneous cognitive demand (dual-task) | Increases - increased | 2-min walking distance | Human | stroke patients | 10-week, bi-weekly, 30-minute treadmill program at an aerobic training intensity (55%-85% heart rate maximum). | A randomized controlled trial of a walking training with simultaneous cognitive demand (dual-task) in chronic stroke.cited 26× |
| control walking training programme without cognitive distraction | Increases - increased | 2-min walking distance | Human | stroke patients | 10-week, bi-weekly, 30-minute treadmill program at an aerobic training intensity (55%-85% heart rate maximum). | A randomized controlled trial of a walking training with simultaneous cognitive demand (dual-task) in chronic stroke.cited 26× |
| landscape observation + backward walking training | Increases - showed significant increases | 10-m walking test | Human | chronic stroke participants | Observational training 3 days/week + conventional therapy 5 days/week. | Backward walking observational training improves gait ability in patients with chronic stroke: randomised controlled pilot study.cited 11× |
| backward walking observational training | Increases - showed significant increases | 10-m walking test | Human | chronic stroke participants | Observational training 3 days/week + conventional therapy 5 days/week. | Backward walking observational training improves gait ability in patients with chronic stroke: randomised controlled pilot study.cited 11× |
| backward walking observational training | Increases - showed more significant improvements | 10-m walking test | Human | chronic stroke participants | Observational training 3 days/week + conventional therapy 5 days/week. | Backward walking observational training improves gait ability in patients with chronic stroke: randomised controlled pilot study.cited 11× |
| progressive treadmill walking exercise training intervention | No effect - not associated | change in walking performance | Human | fully ambulatory persons with MS | 12 weeks of supervised, progressive treadmill walking exercise training (specific frequency and intensity not detailed in the abstract). | Systematically developed pilot randomized controlled trial of exercise and cognition in persons with multiple sclerosis.cited 47× |
| progressive treadmill walking exercise training intervention | Increases - large intervention effects | walking performance | Human | fully ambulatory persons with MS | 12 weeks of supervised, progressive treadmill walking exercise training (specific frequency and intensity not detailed in the abstract). | Systematically developed pilot randomized controlled trial of exercise and cognition in persons with multiple sclerosis.cited 47× |
| walking induced pain | Decreases - most frequently reported barriers to engaging in | walking | Human | patients with IC | Not specified | Barriers and enablers to walking in individuals with intermittent claudication: A systematic review to conceptualize a relevant and patient-centered program.cited 41× |
| poor walking capacity | Decreases - most frequently reported barriers to engaging in | walking | Human | patients with IC | Not specified | Barriers and enablers to walking in individuals with intermittent claudication: A systematic review to conceptualize a relevant and patient-centered program.cited 41× |
| intermittent walking (IW) | Increases - allowed pwMS to perform a greater volume of walking | volume of walking | Human | pwMS | Intermittent walking: 30 seconds treadmill walking alternated with 30 seconds seated rest; Continuous walking: treadmill walking without breaks. | The effect of intermittent vs. continuous walking on distance to fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis.cited 4× |
| intermittent walking (IW) | Increases - walk longer distances | walking distance | Human | persons with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) | Intermittent walking: 30 seconds treadmill walking alternated with 30 seconds seated rest; Continuous walking: treadmill walking without breaks. | The effect of intermittent vs. continuous walking on distance to fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis.cited 4× |
| intermittent walking | Increases - can walk longer distances | walking distance | Human | PwMS, regardless of their walking ability | Intermittent walking: 30 seconds treadmill walking alternated with 30 seconds seated rest; Continuous walking: treadmill walking without breaks. | The effect of intermittent vs. continuous walking on distance to fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis.cited 4× |
| intermittent walking (IW) | Increases - can be an option to improve | walking endurance | Human | this population | Intermittent walking: 30 seconds treadmill walking alternated with 30 seconds seated rest; Continuous walking: treadmill walking without breaks. | The effect of intermittent vs. continuous walking on distance to fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis.cited 4× |
| individualized assisted walking program (IAWP) | Increases - significantly improved | walking ability at discharge | Human | hospitalized patients (≥65 years) | Not specified | Assisted Walking Program on Walking Ability in In-Hospital Geriatric Patients: A Randomized Trial.cited 10× |
| individualized assisted walking program (IAWP) | Increases - improves | walking ability at discharge | Human | in-hospital patients aged 65 and older | Not specified | Assisted Walking Program on Walking Ability in In-Hospital Geriatric Patients: A Randomized Trial.cited 10× |
| Mechanically assisted walking training with body weight support | Increases - increased | walking speed | Human | children with cerebral palsy (GMFCS Levels I to IV) 3 to 18 years of age | Training sessions ranged from 15 to 40 minutes, 2 to 5 times per week. | Mechanically assisted walking training for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy.cited 15× |
| Mechanically assisted walking training with body weight support | No effect - no differences between groups | walking speed | Human | children with cerebral palsy (GMFCS Levels I to IV) 3 to 18 years of age | Training sessions ranged from 15 to 40 minutes, 2 to 5 times per week. | Mechanically assisted walking training for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy.cited 15× |
| Mechanically assisted walking training without body weight support | Increases - increased | walking speed | Human | children with cerebral palsy (GMFCS Levels I to IV) 3 to 18 years of age | Training sessions ranged from 15 to 40 minutes, 2 to 5 times per week. | Mechanically assisted walking training for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy.cited 15× |
| Mechanically assisted walking training without body weight support | Increases - increased | walking speed | Human | children with cerebral palsy (GMFCS Levels I to IV) 3 to 18 years of age | Training sessions ranged from 15 to 40 minutes, 2 to 5 times per week. | Mechanically assisted walking training for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy.cited 15× |
| interval walking | Increases - will promote | interval walking for 3 × 40 min/week | Human | intervention group | Interval walking for 3 × 40 min/week. | Efficacy of brief behavioral counselling by allied health professionals to promote physical activity in people with peripheral arterial disease (BIPP): study protocol for a multi-center randomized controlled trial.cited 9× |
| walking speed variation | Increases - varied | walking speed | Human | a healthy male subject | Not applicable | Combined application of FBG and PZT sensors for plantar pressure monitoring at low and high speed walking.cited 2× |
| Walking training with cueing of cadence | Increases - may also produce benefits in terms of | symmetry of walking | Human | moderately disabled individuals with stroke | 30 minutes of cueing of cadence, four times a week. | Walking training with cueing of cadence improves walking speed and stride length after stroke more than walking training alone: a systematic review.cited 69× |
| Walking training with cueing of cadence | Increases - improved | walking speed | Human | Adults who have had a stroke | 30 minutes of cueing of cadence, four times a week. | Walking training with cueing of cadence improves walking speed and stride length after stroke more than walking training alone: a systematic review.cited 69× |
| Walking training with cueing of cadence | Increases - improves | walking speed | Human | moderately disabled individuals with stroke | 30 minutes of cueing of cadence, four times a week. | Walking training with cueing of cadence improves walking speed and stride length after stroke more than walking training alone: a systematic review.cited 69× |
| motion control walking shoes | No effect - were not superior to neutral shoes in reducing | knee pain on walking | Human | people with lateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) | Wear shoes >6 hours/day | Effect of motion control versus neutral walking footwear on pain associated with lateral tibiofemoral joint osteoarthritis: a comparative effectiveness randomised clinical trial.cited 3× |
| Walking Speed Questionnaire (WSQ) | Decreases - was slower than each condition | average walking speed | Human | healthy older adults | Not applicable | Walking speed questionnaire used to estimate gait speed in older adults: Comparisons with testing protocols and diagnostic accuracy. |
| Walking Speed Questionnaire (WSQ) | Decreases - was slower than each condition | average walking speed | Human | community dwelling adults 60 years or older | Not applicable | Walking speed questionnaire used to estimate gait speed in older adults: Comparisons with testing protocols and diagnostic accuracy. |
| Walking Speed Questionnaire (WSQ) | No effect - was slower than each condition | average walking speed | Human | healthy older adults | Not applicable | Walking speed questionnaire used to estimate gait speed in older adults: Comparisons with testing protocols and diagnostic accuracy. |
| Walking Speed Questionnaire (WSQ) | No effect - was slower than each condition | average walking speed | Human | community dwelling adults 60 years or older | Not applicable | Walking speed questionnaire used to estimate gait speed in older adults: Comparisons with testing protocols and diagnostic accuracy. |
| Walking Speed Questionnaire (WSQ) | No effect - is a reasonable alternative providing an accurate estimate | walking speed | Human | client | Not applicable | Walking speed questionnaire used to estimate gait speed in older adults: Comparisons with testing protocols and diagnostic accuracy. |
| Walking Speed Questionnaire (WSQ) | Increases - is an effective tool for assessing | baseline walking speed | Human | patients aged 60 years and older | Not applicable | The Walking Speed Questionnaire: Assessing Walking Speed in a Self-reported Format.cited 7× |
| supervised walking exercise | No effect - no clear evidence of a difference | maximum walking distance | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | Supervised walking at least twice a week. | Modes of exercise training for intermittent claudication.cited 40× |
| supervised walking exercise | No effect - no clear evidence of a difference | pain-free walking distance | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | Supervised walking at least twice a week. | Modes of exercise training for intermittent claudication.cited 40× |
| shallow water walking | Decreases - reduced similarly | walking speed | Human | older adults with and without Parkinson's disease | Not specified | Comparison of spatiotemporal and angular parameters during shallow water walking in different immersion depths by older adults with and without Parkinson's disease. |
| dual task cost for walking speed, stride frequency and stride regularity | No effect - were different among these subgroups | dual task cost for walking speed, stride frequency and stride regularity | Human | pathological subgroups (musculoskeletal diseases, vestibular diseases, mild cognitive impairment, central nervous system pathologies, and without diagnosis) | Not specified | Gait disorders in the elderly and dual task gait analysis: a new approach for identifying motor phenotypes.cited 46× |
| fast walking training | Increases - improves | walking capacity | Human | stroke survivors | Not specified | Protocol for promoting recovery optimization of walking activity in stroke (PROWALKS): a randomized controlled trial.cited 24× |
| fast walking training + step activity monitoring program | Increases - would generate greater improvements | real world walking activity | Human | stroke survivors | Not specified | Protocol for promoting recovery optimization of walking activity in stroke (PROWALKS): a randomized controlled trial.cited 24× |
| fast walking training (FAST) | Increases - improving from pre- to posttraining | walking speed | Human | individuals >6 months poststroke | Walking training at fastest possible speed on treadmill (30min) and overground, 3 times per week. | Combining Fast-Walking Training and a Step Activity Monitoring Program to Improve Daily Walking Activity After Stroke: A Preliminary Study.cited 44× |
| fast walking training plus a step activity monitoring program (FAST+SAM) | Increases - was more effective for improving | walking endurance | Human | persons with chronic stroke regardless of baseline performance | Walking training at fastest possible speed on treadmill (30min) and overground, 3 times per week. | Combining Fast-Walking Training and a Step Activity Monitoring Program to Improve Daily Walking Activity After Stroke: A Preliminary Study.cited 44× |
| fast walking training plus a step activity monitoring program (FAST+SAM) | Increases - improving from pre- to posttraining | walking speed | Human | individuals >6 months poststroke | Walking training at fastest possible speed on treadmill (30min) and overground, 3 times per week. | Combining Fast-Walking Training and a Step Activity Monitoring Program to Improve Daily Walking Activity After Stroke: A Preliminary Study.cited 44× |
| 12-week walking training program delivered three times per week from 20 up to 45 min in combination with 10 channels of FES on a step ergometer, followed by 30 min over ground walking training | Increases - increased | walking endurance | Human | participants with a chronic motor incomplete SCI (>1-year post injury) who completed the trial | 12-week walking training program delivered three times per week (20-45 min sessions) with 10 channels of FES on a step ergometer, followed by 30 min over-ground walking training. | Step Ergometer Training Augmented With Functional Electrical Stimulation in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Feasibility Study.cited 5× |
| 12-week walking training program delivered three times per week from 20 up to 45 min in combination with 10 channels of FES on a step ergometer, followed by 30 min over ground walking training | Increases - demonstrated increases | Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II level | Human | 50% of participants who completed the trial | 12-week walking training program delivered three times per week (20-45 min sessions) with 10 channels of FES on a step ergometer, followed by 30 min over-ground walking training. | Step Ergometer Training Augmented With Functional Electrical Stimulation in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Feasibility Study.cited 5× |
| 12-week walking training program delivered three times per week from 20 up to 45 min in combination with 10 channels of FES on a step ergometer, followed by 30 min over ground walking training | Increases - increased | walking speed | Human | participants with a chronic motor incomplete SCI (>1-year post injury) who completed the trial | 12-week walking training program delivered three times per week (20-45 min sessions) with 10 channels of FES on a step ergometer, followed by 30 min over-ground walking training. | Step Ergometer Training Augmented With Functional Electrical Stimulation in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Feasibility Study.cited 5× |
| Backward walking (BW) training program | Increases - significant gains | balance and walking function | Human | patients with first-time stroke | 20 minutes of over-ground backward walking per session, 10 daily sessions. | Clinical application of backward walking training to improve walking function, balance, and fall-risk in acute stroke: a case series.cited 7× |
| Backward walking (BW) training program | Increases - clinically meaningful increase | forward walking speed | Human | patients with first-time stroke | 20 minutes of over-ground backward walking per session, 10 daily sessions. | Clinical application of backward walking training to improve walking function, balance, and fall-risk in acute stroke: a case series.cited 7× |
| backward walking training program | No effect - there was no difference | kinematics of both forward walking and backward walking gaits | Human | healthy boys | 25 minutes per session, 2 times weekly. | Backward walking training improves balance in school-aged boys.cited 22× |
| backward walking | Decreases - decreased | walking speed | Human | healthy boys | 25 minutes per session, 2 times weekly. | Backward walking training improves balance in school-aged boys.cited 22× |
| walking training | Increases - enhancing | walking | Human | stroke survivors | Not specified | Effects of walking trainings on walking function among stroke survivors: a systematic review.cited 15× |
| magnetic walking aids (MWAs) | Increases - may be an acceptable and inexpensive intervention for improving | walking aid accessibility and adherence | Human | — | Not Assessed | The acceptability and accessibility of magnetic walking aids when used in hospital: a randomised trial. |
| magnetic walking aids (MWAs) | Increases - may be a simple and cost effective way for improving | walking aid compliance | Human | — | Not Assessed | The acceptability and accessibility of magnetic walking aids when used in hospital: a randomised trial. |
| magnetic walking aids (MWAs) | Decreases - dropped their aid less often | walking aid drops | Human | inpatients following joint replacement | Not Assessed | The acceptability and accessibility of magnetic walking aids when used in hospital: a randomised trial. |
| magnetic walking aids (MWAs) | Decreases - reducing | walking aid drops | Human | — | Not Assessed | The acceptability and accessibility of magnetic walking aids when used in hospital: a randomised trial. |
| magnetic walking aids (MWAs) | Decreases - may reduce the number of instances | walking aid inadvertently comes to rest on the floor | Human | patients post-operatively | Not Assessed | The acceptability and accessibility of magnetic walking aids when used in hospital: a randomised trial. |
| magnetic walking aids (MWAs) | Increases - were more likely to use | walking aid use in their room | Human | inpatients following joint replacement | Not Assessed | The acceptability and accessibility of magnetic walking aids when used in hospital: a randomised trial. |
| standard walking aids (SWAs) | Increases - dropped their aid more often | walking aid drops | Human | inpatients following joint replacement | Not Assessed | The acceptability and accessibility of magnetic walking aids when used in hospital: a randomised trial. |
| walking interventions | Increases - short-term effectiveness | levels of walking | Human | this population | Not specified | Do Interventions to Increase Walking Work? A Systematic Review of Interventions in Children and Adolescents.cited 27× |
| walking interventions | Increases - significantly increased | walking | Human | intervention groups versus controls | Not specified | Do Interventions to Increase Walking Work? A Systematic Review of Interventions in Children and Adolescents.cited 27× |
| walking interventions | Increases - improvements in walking capacity, speed, and distance were comparable | walking capacity, speed, and distance | Human | children and adults with SCI | Not specified (training parameters varied). | Training to Improve Walking after Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of Parameters and Walking Outcomes.cited 12× |
| uphill walking and physical therapy | Increases - Significant improvements | walking speed | Human | individuals with knee osteoarthritis | 8-degree treadmill walking at 1.1 m/s for 30 minutes per session, 10 sessions total. | Uphill treadmill walking plus physical therapy versus physical therapy alone in the management of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial.cited 5× |
| uphill walking and physical therapy | Increases - has persistent effects | walking speed | Human | individuals with knee osteoarthritis | 8-degree treadmill walking at 1.1 m/s for 30 minutes per session, 10 sessions total. | Uphill treadmill walking plus physical therapy versus physical therapy alone in the management of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial.cited 5× |
| combined uphill treadmill walking and physical therapy | Increases - provided superior improvements | walking speed | Human | patients with knee osteoarthritis | 8-degree treadmill walking at 1.1 m/s for 30 minutes per session, 10 sessions total. | Uphill treadmill walking plus physical therapy versus physical therapy alone in the management of individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial.cited 5× |
| usual physiotherapy care plus a wearables-based walking intervention | Increases - demonstrated post-intervention improvement | daily walking steps | Human | people with LBP at risk of chronicity | Not specified (wearables-based walking intervention). | Wearables-based walking program in addition to usual physiotherapy care for the management of patients with low back pain at medium or high risk of chronicity: A pilot randomized controlled trial.cited 7× |
| MOtivating Structured walking Activity in people with Intermittent Claudication (MOSAIC) | No effect - perceived as an effective, acceptable, and low burden intervention | acceptability and burden of walking exercise | Human | adults with Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) | Not specified | Participants' experiences and acceptability of a home-based walking exercise behaviour-change intervention (MOtivating Structure walking Activity in people with Intermittent Claudication (MOSAIC)).cited 1× |
| progressive body weight supported treadmill forward and backward walking training (PBWSTFBWT) | Increases - was more effective at efficiently training | stroke patients' affected side lower extremity's walking ability | Human | stroke patients | 30 minutes per session, six times per week. | Effects of Progressive Body Weight Support Treadmill Forward and Backward Walking Training on Stroke Patients' Affected Side Lower Extremity's Walking Ability.cited 17× |
| NIV administered during walking | Increases - increased | walking distance | Human | patients under long-term home ventilatory support | Not specified | Non-Invasive Ventilation as an Adjunct to Exercise Training in Chronic Ventilatory Failure: A Narrative Review.cited 19× |
| steady state (SS) walking intervention | Increases - increased | preferred walking speed | Human | Adults with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis and walking deficits | 36 sessions led by a physical therapist. | Rehabilitation with accurate adaptability walking tasks or steady state walking: A randomized clinical trial in adults post-stroke.cited 7× |
| accurate adaptability (ACC) walking intervention | Increases - increased | preferred walking speed | Human | Adults with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis and walking deficits | 36 sessions led by a physical therapist. | Rehabilitation with accurate adaptability walking tasks or steady state walking: A randomized clinical trial in adults post-stroke.cited 7× |
| accurate adaptability (ACC) walking intervention | Decreases - suggested a potential benefit for reducing demand | prefrontal (executive) resources during walking | Human | Adults with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis and walking deficits | 36 sessions led by a physical therapist. | Rehabilitation with accurate adaptability walking tasks or steady state walking: A randomized clinical trial in adults post-stroke.cited 7× |
| multidisciplinary rehabilitation intervention consisting of inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation with follow-up, including walking exercises with and without body-weight support, conventional physiotherapy, and subsequent individual physiotherapy sessions with guidance in home exercises | Increases - improved | Walking distance (6-Minute Walking Test) | Human | 65- to 85-year-old persons who had a stroke within the previous 3-36 months | Inpatient (20 days) or outpatient (18 days) rehabilitation, followed by 10-15 individual physiotherapy sessions and home exercises. | Walking Training and Functioning Among Elderly Persons With Stroke: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study.cited 5× |
| 12-week LBPP-supported low-load treadmill walking regimen | Decreases - significant reductions | acute knee pain during full weight bearing treadmill walking | Human | overweight patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) | LBPP-supported low-load treadmill walking (specific frequency not detailed). | Managing Knee Osteoarthritis: The Effects of Body Weight Supported Physical Activity on Joint Pain, Function, and Thigh Muscle Strength.cited 27× |
| treadmill walking speed | Increases - was gradually increased | treadmill walking speed | Human | patients with chronic stroke | WBV-TT group: 4.5 minutes of whole-body vibration (45 seconds per exercise) followed by 20 minutes of treadmill training, 3 times weekly. TT group: same treadmill training without vibration. | Whole-Body Vibration Combined with Treadmill Training Improves Walking Performance in Post-Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 26× |
| supervised ground-based walking training | Increases - perceived improvement | walking ability | Human | participants with COPD | 30-45 minutes, 2-3 times weekly. | The minimal detectable difference for endurance shuttle walk test performance in people with COPD on completion of a program of high-intensity ground-based walking. |
| task-specific walking training at higher intensities or with augmented feedback | Increases - should be performed to improve | walking speed and distance | Human | those with acute-onset CNS injury | Not specified (frequency, intensity, time, and type of training interventions were detailed but not quantified). | Clinical Practice Guideline to Improve Locomotor Function Following Chronic Stroke, Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury, and Brain Injury.cited 201× |
| Lower-intensity walking interventions | No effect - demonstrated equivocal or limited efficacy | walking function | Human | ambulatory individuals greater than 6 months following acute-onset CNS injury | Not specified (frequency, intensity, time, and type of training interventions were detailed but not quantified). | Clinical Practice Guideline to Improve Locomotor Function Following Chronic Stroke, Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury, and Brain Injury.cited 201× |
| walking training at moderate to high intensities | Increases - should be offered to improve | walking speed or distance | Human | ambulatory individuals greater than 6 months following acute-onset CNS injury | Not specified (frequency, intensity, time, and type of training interventions were detailed but not quantified). | Clinical Practice Guideline to Improve Locomotor Function Following Chronic Stroke, Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury, and Brain Injury.cited 201× |
| insole on less affected side for execution of treadmill walking training (ILTW) | Increases - may improve | walking ability | Human | people with chronic stroke | 30 minutes per session, 5 times a week | Effects of insole on the less affected side during execution of treadmill walking training on gait ability in chronic stroke patients: A preliminary study.cited 3× |
| sham tDCS and rehabilitation with typical walking (Sham/Typical) | Increases - showed the greatest gains | walking | Human | participants | Active tDCS was delivered at 2 mA intensity for 20 minutes per session. | Combining Frontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Walking Rehabilitation to Enhance Mobility and Executive Function: A Pilot Clinical Trial.cited 11× |
| walking rehabilitation combined with tDCS | Increases - is feasible, safe, and shows preliminary efficacy | walking and executive function | Human | — | Active tDCS was delivered at 2 mA intensity for 20 minutes per session. | Combining Frontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Walking Rehabilitation to Enhance Mobility and Executive Function: A Pilot Clinical Trial.cited 11× |
| entry into a lottery with potential to earn up to $200 each week walking goals were met (Financial Incentive) during follow-up | No effect - proportion of days walking goals were met was not lower | proportion of days walking goals were met | Human | older adults with a computer and Internet access | Daily walking goals (specific step count not mentioned) | A mixed-methods randomized controlled trial of financial incentives and peer networks to promote walking among older adults.cited 53× |
| entry into a lottery with potential to earn up to $200 each week walking goals were met (Financial Incentive) | No effect - no differences in the proportion of days walking goals were met | proportion of days walking goals were met | Human | older adults with a computer and Internet access | Daily walking goals (specific step count not mentioned) | A mixed-methods randomized controlled trial of financial incentives and peer networks to promote walking among older adults.cited 53× |
| walking | No effect - compared the effect | impact of fibromyalgia, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, pain, walking ability, and musculoskeletal capacity | Human | patients with fibromyalgia | 40-minute treadmill walk at low intensity (60-70% of maximum heart rate). | Effects of progressive intensity resistance training on the impact of fibromyalgia: protocol for a blinded randomized controlled trial.cited 1× |
| walking | Increases - increased | minutes walking per week | Human | participants | Mean walking increased from 21 min/week at baseline to 83 min/week by the end of RT. | Randomized phase II study of a home-based walking intervention for radiation-related fatigue among older patients with breast cancer.cited 14× |
| Home-Based Graduated Walking Program (HBGWP) | Increases - lead to increased walking | walking | Human | older adult breast cancer patients | Mean walking increased from 21 min/week at baseline to 83 min/week by the end of RT. | Randomized phase II study of a home-based walking intervention for radiation-related fatigue among older patients with breast cancer.cited 14× |
| fixed walking recommendation | Increases - lead to increased walking | walking | Human | older adult breast cancer patients | Mean walking increased from 21 min/week at baseline to 83 min/week by the end of RT. | Randomized phase II study of a home-based walking intervention for radiation-related fatigue among older patients with breast cancer.cited 14× |
| walking in real-life environmental dimensions | No effect - perceived more difficulty | walking | Human | stroke survivors | Not applicable | Does the Environment Cause Changes in Hemiparetic Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Gait Velocity During Walking in Stroke Survivors?cited 6× |
| walking in real-life environmental dimensions | No effect - highest difficulty reported | walking | Human | stroke survivors | Not applicable | Does the Environment Cause Changes in Hemiparetic Lower Limb Muscle Activity and Gait Velocity During Walking in Stroke Survivors?cited 6× |
| walking training associated with virtual reality-based training | Increases - effective in increasing | walking speed | Human | patients with stroke | Not specified | Walking training associated with virtual reality-based training increases walking speed of individuals with chronic stroke: systematic review with meta-analysis.cited 32× |
| walking training associated with virtual reality-based training | Increases - increased | walking speed | Human | adults with chronic stroke | Not specified | Walking training associated with virtual reality-based training increases walking speed of individuals with chronic stroke: systematic review with meta-analysis.cited 32× |
| walking training associated with virtual reality-based training | Increases - resulted in better results than | walking speed | Human | patients with stroke | Not specified | Walking training associated with virtual reality-based training increases walking speed of individuals with chronic stroke: systematic review with meta-analysis.cited 32× |
| additional backward walking therapy | Increases - helps improve | walking speed | Human | patients with stroke | 30-minute backward walking training five times a week. | [Effectiveness of backward walking treadmill training in lower extremity function after stroke].cited 22× |
| backward walking treadmill training | Increases - significantly higher than that of the control group | 10 m maximum walking speed (MWS) | Human | patients with stroke | 30-minute backward walking training five times a week. | [Effectiveness of backward walking treadmill training in lower extremity function after stroke].cited 22× |
| Twelve week LBPP treadmill walking exercise regimen | Decreases - diminished significantly | acute knee pain during full weight bearing walking | Human | patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) | Twelve-week LBPP treadmill walking exercise regimen (specific frequency not detailed). | The effect of low-load exercise on joint pain, function, and activities of daily living in patients with knee osteoarthritis.cited 23× |
| access to suitable walking areas with dog supportive features | Increases - may be incentivising | dog walking | Animal | dog owners | Not available | How might we increase physical activity through dog walking?: A comprehensive review of dog walking correlates.cited 91× |
| perceived support and motivation a dog provides for walking | Increases - is strongly associated with increased | walking | Animal | dog owners | Not available | How might we increase physical activity through dog walking?: A comprehensive review of dog walking correlates.cited 91× |
| supervised Nordic walking | No effect - was not associated with an increase | maximum walking distance | Human | PAD patients | Not specified | Effect of Nordic walking on walking ability in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis. |
| supervised Nordic walking | No effect - is no significant difference in walking ability compared to supervised exercise therapy | walking ability | Human | PAD patients | Not specified | Effect of Nordic walking on walking ability in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis. |
| GPS-monitored community-based walking ability assessment | No effect - determined the clinical applicability | walking ability assessment | Human | patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who complained of intermittent claudication | Not specified | Applicability of global positioning system for the assessment of walking ability in patients with arterial claudication.cited 20× |
| self-reported maximal walking distance | No effect - was | maximal walking distance | Human | patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who complained of intermittent claudication | Not specified | Applicability of global positioning system for the assessment of walking ability in patients with arterial claudication.cited 20× |
| treadmill walking | No effect - demonstrated initial acclimatization followed by plateau performance | 16 walking parameters | Human | healthy adults | Not applicable | Familiarization with treadmill walking: How much is enough?cited 93× |
| Treadmill walking | Increases - increased | walking distance | Human | ambulatory adults after stroke | Not specified | Treadmill walking improves walking speed and distance in ambulatory people after stroke and is not inferior to overground walking: a systematic review.cited 19× |
| Treadmill walking | Increases - had a similar or better effect | walking distance | Human | ambulatory adults after stroke | Not specified | Treadmill walking improves walking speed and distance in ambulatory people after stroke and is not inferior to overground walking: a systematic review.cited 19× |
| Treadmill walking | Increases - increased | walking speed | Human | ambulatory adults after stroke | Not specified | Treadmill walking improves walking speed and distance in ambulatory people after stroke and is not inferior to overground walking: a systematic review.cited 19× |
| Treadmill walking | Increases - had a similar or better effect | walking speed | Human | ambulatory adults after stroke | Not specified | Treadmill walking improves walking speed and distance in ambulatory people after stroke and is not inferior to overground walking: a systematic review.cited 19× |
| unsupervised walking program | Increases - showed significantly higher adherence | adherence to walking sessions | Human | participants who expressed a preference for the unsupervised program and were assigned to it | Not specified (based on Ottawa Panel guidelines). | An evidence-based walking program among older people with knee osteoarthritis: the PEP (participant exercise preference) pilot randomized controlled trial.cited 17× |
| supervised community-based walking program | Increases - showed significantly higher adherence | adherence to walking sessions | Human | participants who expressed a preference for the supervised program and were assigned to it | Not specified (based on Ottawa Panel guidelines). | An evidence-based walking program among older people with knee osteoarthritis: the PEP (participant exercise preference) pilot randomized controlled trial.cited 17× |
| supervised combined intermittent aerobic, muscle strength and home-based walking training programs | Increases - a significant increase | self-selected walking speed | Human | women with breast cancer during adjuvant chemotherapy treatment | Not specified (home-based walking training program details not provided). | Effects of combined supervised intermittent aerobic, muscle strength and home-based walking training programs on cardiorespiratory responses in women with breast cancer.cited 6× |
| supervised combined intermittent aerobic, muscle strength and home-based walking training programs | Increases - a significant increase | walking distance covered | Human | women with breast cancer during adjuvant chemotherapy treatment | Not specified (home-based walking training program details not provided). | Effects of combined supervised intermittent aerobic, muscle strength and home-based walking training programs on cardiorespiratory responses in women with breast cancer.cited 6× |
| 18-month telehealth walking exercise self-management program | Increases - produces clinically meaningful changes | walking exercise sustainability | Human | veterans living with lower-limb amputation | Not specified (intervention includes 6 one-on-one and 6 group sessions over 18 months). | Walking Exercise Sustainability Through Telehealth for Veterans With Lower-Limb Amputation: A Study Protocol. |
| self-management program focusing on increasing walking exercise | Increases - increasing | walking exercise | Human | participants with lower-limb amputation (traumatic or nontraumatic) aged 50 to 89 years | Not specified (intervention includes 6 one-on-one and 6 group sessions over 18 months). | Walking Exercise Sustainability Through Telehealth for Veterans With Lower-Limb Amputation: A Study Protocol. |
| 60-minute group walking sessions using application-linked Nordic walking poles with cognitive stimulation twice a week | No effect - perform | cognitive tasks while walking | Human | smartphone group | 60-minute group walking sessions twice weekly with cognitive tasks. | Study Protocol of a Comprehensive Activity Promotion Program for the Prevention of Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.cited 8× |
| exoskeletal-assisted walking (EAW) programme | Increases - increased | distance walked during the 6-min walking test (6MWT) | Human | individuals with lower extremity motor complete lesions following spinal cord injury (SCI) | 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week | The safety and feasibility of a new rehabilitation robotic exoskeleton for assisting individuals with lower extremity motor complete lesions following spinal cord injury (SCI): an observational study.cited 22× |
| exoskeletal-assisted walking (EAW) programme | Increases - increased | distance walked during the 6-min walking test (6MWT) | Human | individuals with lower extremity motor complete lesions following spinal cord injury (SCI) | 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week | The safety and feasibility of a new rehabilitation robotic exoskeleton for assisting individuals with lower extremity motor complete lesions following spinal cord injury (SCI): an observational study.cited 22× |
| exoskeletal-assisted walking (EAW) programme | Increases - changed | Hoffer walking ability grade | Human | individuals with lower extremity motor complete lesions following spinal cord injury (SCI) | 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week | The safety and feasibility of a new rehabilitation robotic exoskeleton for assisting individuals with lower extremity motor complete lesions following spinal cord injury (SCI): an observational study.cited 22× |
| exoskeletal-assisted walking (EAW) programme | Increases - changed | Walking Index for SCI II (WISCI II) | Human | individuals with lower extremity motor complete lesions following spinal cord injury (SCI) | 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week | The safety and feasibility of a new rehabilitation robotic exoskeleton for assisting individuals with lower extremity motor complete lesions following spinal cord injury (SCI): an observational study.cited 22× |
| exoskeletal-assisted walking (EAW) programme | Increases - increased | walking speed during the 10-m walking test (10MWT) | Human | individuals with lower extremity motor complete lesions following spinal cord injury (SCI) | 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week | The safety and feasibility of a new rehabilitation robotic exoskeleton for assisting individuals with lower extremity motor complete lesions following spinal cord injury (SCI): an observational study.cited 22× |
| bilateral custom-made ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) plus walking shoes | Increases - increasing trend | number of walking bouts | Human | older adults with concern about or at risk for falling | Daily use of custom-made bilateral AFO with walking shoes. | Effectiveness of Daily Use of Bilateral Custom-Made Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Balance, Fear of Falling, and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 23× |
| pedometer walking exercise training (PWET) | Increases - was significantly higher | percentage of participants who practiced regular walking exercise (RWE) | Human | retired older adults | 45 minutes per session, three times per week | Controlled randomized trial of walking exercise with positive education on cardiovascular fitness and happiness in retired older adults.cited 4× |
| positive education and pedometer walking exercise training (PEPWET) | Increases - was significantly higher | percentage of participants who practiced regular walking exercise (RWE) | Human | retired older adults | 45 minutes per session, three times per week | Controlled randomized trial of walking exercise with positive education on cardiovascular fitness and happiness in retired older adults.cited 4× |
| pedometer walking exercise (PWE) | Increases - was significantly higher | percentage of participants who practiced regular walking exercise (RWE) | Human | retired older adults | 45 minutes per session, three times per week | Controlled randomized trial of walking exercise with positive education on cardiovascular fitness and happiness in retired older adults.cited 4× |
| daily mobile phone instructional text messages to perform regular outdoor walking and functional leg exercises | Increases - estimated median difference in the six-minute walking test was in favour of the intervention group | six-minute walking test | Human | patients soon after stroke or transient ischemic attack | Daily mobile phone instructional text messages for outdoor walking and functional leg exercises. | Effects on walking performance and lower body strength by short message service guided training after stroke or transient ischemic attack (The STROKEWALK Study): a randomized controlled trial.cited 13× |
| 6-minute walking test | No effect - best rated | walking tests | Human | people with knee osteoarthritis | Not available | Measurement properties of performance-based measures to assess physical function in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review.cited 5× |
| assisted walking | Increases - significantly improved | independent walking | Human | nonambulatory stroke survivors | Not specified | Physical fitness interventions for nonambulatory stroke survivors: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 20× |
| assisted walking | Increases - significantly improved | maximum walking speed | Human | nonambulatory stroke survivors | Not specified | Physical fitness interventions for nonambulatory stroke survivors: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 20× |
| assisted walking | Increases - significantly improved | walking endurance | Human | nonambulatory stroke survivors | Not specified | Physical fitness interventions for nonambulatory stroke survivors: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 20× |
| assisted walking | Increases - significantly improved | walking endurance | Human | nonambulatory stroke survivors | Not specified | Physical fitness interventions for nonambulatory stroke survivors: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 20× |
| free walking training | Increases - improvements were found | self-selected walking speed | Human | untrained older people | Not specified | Effects of Nordic walking training on quality of life, balance and functional mobility in elderly: A randomized clinical trial.cited 44× |
| Nordic walking training | No effect - did not result in greater improvements than free walking training | self-selected walking speed | Human | untrained older people | Not specified | Effects of Nordic walking training on quality of life, balance and functional mobility in elderly: A randomized clinical trial.cited 44× |
| Nordic walking training | Increases - improvements were found | self-selected walking speed | Human | untrained older people | Not specified | Effects of Nordic walking training on quality of life, balance and functional mobility in elderly: A randomized clinical trial.cited 44× |
| walking program offered as part of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT-CP) | No effect - mostly minor and temporary | Walking-related adverse events (AEs) | Human | Participants | Weekly goal to increase steps by 10% over the prior week's average. | Incorporating walking into cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain: safety and effectiveness of a personalized walking intervention.cited 3× |
| treadmill walking training with rhythmic auditory stimulation (TRAS) | Increases - showed a significant improvement | 6 meter walking distance (6MWD) | Human | chronic stroke patients | Not specified | Comparison between treadmill training with rhythmic auditory stimulation and ground walking with rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait ability in chronic stroke patients: A pilot study.cited 16× |
| treadmill walking training with rhythmic auditory stimulation (TRAS) | Increases - showed a significant improvement | walking speed | Human | chronic stroke patients | Not specified | Comparison between treadmill training with rhythmic auditory stimulation and ground walking with rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait ability in chronic stroke patients: A pilot study.cited 16× |
| team-based walking intervention using smartphone apps | Increases - was positively correlated with | log-transformed average walking steps | Human | Japanese salespersons | Not specified (step data recorded via smartphone apps). | Maintaining Physical Activity Level Through Team-Based Walking With a Mobile Health Intervention: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.cited 2× |
| structured in-home walking program | Increases - obtained significant improvements | 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) | Human | new-entry subjects (≤ 3 months) | Two daily 8-minute sessions of slow intermittent in-home walking. | Don't stop walking: the in-home rehabilitation program for peripheral artery disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.cited 14× |
| structured in-home walking program | No effect - were stable | 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) | Human | previously enrolled subjects (> 3 months) | Two daily 8-minute sessions of slow intermittent in-home walking. | Don't stop walking: the in-home rehabilitation program for peripheral artery disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.cited 14× |
| structured in-home walking program | No effect - was stable | 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) | Human | peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients | Two daily 8-minute sessions of slow intermittent in-home walking. | Don't stop walking: the in-home rehabilitation program for peripheral artery disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.cited 14× |
| structured in-home walking program | Increases - improved | pain-free walking distance (PFWD) | Human | peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients | Two daily 8-minute sessions of slow intermittent in-home walking. | Don't stop walking: the in-home rehabilitation program for peripheral artery disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.cited 14× |
| structured in-home walking program | Increases - obtained significant improvements | pain-free walking distance (PFWD) | Human | new-entry subjects (≤ 3 months) | Two daily 8-minute sessions of slow intermittent in-home walking. | Don't stop walking: the in-home rehabilitation program for peripheral artery disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.cited 14× |
| structured in-home walking program | No effect - were stable | pain-free walking distance (PFWD) | Human | previously enrolled subjects (> 3 months) | Two daily 8-minute sessions of slow intermittent in-home walking. | Don't stop walking: the in-home rehabilitation program for peripheral artery disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.cited 14× |
| pain-free walking | Increases - significantly increased | absolute walking distance | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | 36 sessions, two or three times a week. | Moderate-pain versus pain-free exercise, walking capacity, and cardiovascular health in patients with peripheral artery disease.cited 26× |
| pain-free walking | Increases - significantly increased | initial walking distance | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | 36 sessions, two or three times a week. | Moderate-pain versus pain-free exercise, walking capacity, and cardiovascular health in patients with peripheral artery disease.cited 26× |
| moderate-pain walking | Increases - significantly increased | absolute walking distance | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | 36 sessions, two or three times a week. | Moderate-pain versus pain-free exercise, walking capacity, and cardiovascular health in patients with peripheral artery disease.cited 26× |
| moderate-pain walking | Increases - significantly increased | initial walking distance | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | 36 sessions, two or three times a week. | Moderate-pain versus pain-free exercise, walking capacity, and cardiovascular health in patients with peripheral artery disease.cited 26× |
| perturbation treadmill walking | Decreases - significantly decreased | gait variability during treadmill walking | Human | patients with Parkinson's disease | 20 minutes of treadmill walking. | Immediate effects of perturbation treadmill training on gait and postural control in patients with Parkinson's disease.cited 38× |
| pilot randomized controlled physical activity intervention based on social cognitive theory that used a dog walking strategy | Increases - was an acceptable and feasible strategy for promoting | dog walking | HumanAnimal | dog owners | Not specified | Dogs, physical activity, and walking (dogs PAW): acceptability and feasibility of a pilot physical activity intervention.cited 9× |
| transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation immediately before walking | Increases - increase walking distance | walking distance | Human | patients with class II peripheral artery disease | 45 minutes of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (10 Hz or 80 Hz) | Improved Walking Claudication Distance with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation: An Old Treatment with a New Indication in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.cited 5× |
| applications of local vibrations on plantar tissues as a preconditioning intervention before walking | Decreases - may reduce | plantar tissue ischemia during walking | Human | people with diabetes mellitus (DM) | 10-minute local vibrations (100 Hz or sham). | Effects of Preconditioning Local Vibrations on Subsequent Plantar Skin Blood Flow Response to Walking.cited 4× |
| exoskeleton-assisted walking (EAW) training | Increases - has potential benefits to facilitate | walking | Human | people with lower thoracic neurological level of SCI | 16 sessions of 50-60 min training (4 days/week). | Exoskeleton-Assisted Walking for Pulmonary and Exercise Performances of SCI Individuals.cited 1× |
| pre-operative walking capacity | Increases - was positively associated with | post-operative walking capacity | Human | adults with LSS | Not available | Pre-operative prognostic factors for walking capacity after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a systematic review.cited 6× |
| MOtivating Structured walking Activity in Intermittent Claudication (MOSAIC) | Increases - developed to increase | walking | Human | people with IC | Two 60-minute home-based sessions and two 20-minute booster telephone calls incorporating behavior-change techniques. | A randomized controlled feasibility trial of a home-based walking behavior-change intervention for people with intermittent claudication.cited 16× |
| a training program of robot walking sessions for 45 min daily over 20 sessions | Increases - showed improvements | 6 min Walking Test | Human | Three cognitively intact voluntary participants with SCI and gait disorders | 45-minute daily robot walking sessions | Effects on mobility training and de-adaptations in subjects with Spinal Cord Injury due to a Wearable Robot: a preliminary report.cited 42× |
| overground robotic walking training performed with the servo-assistive robotic rollator (i-Walker) | Increases - significant interaction between group and time | 10-m timed walking test | Human | patients with mild subacute stroke | Two daily 40-minute sessions, 5 days a week for 4 weeks (20 sessions with i-Walker, 20 sessions standard therapy). | Overground walking training with the i-Walker, a robotic servo-assistive device, enhances balance in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.cited 19× |
| overground robotic walking training performed with the servo-assistive robotic rollator (i-Walker) | Increases - significant interaction between group and time | 6-min timed walking test | Human | patients with mild subacute stroke | Two daily 40-minute sessions, 5 days a week for 4 weeks (20 sessions with i-Walker, 20 sessions standard therapy). | Overground walking training with the i-Walker, a robotic servo-assistive device, enhances balance in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.cited 19× |
| overground robotic walking training performed with the servo-assistive robotic rollator (i-Walker) | Increases - improved | walking performance | Human | patients affected by mild/moderate stroke | Two daily 40-minute sessions, 5 days a week for 4 weeks (20 sessions with i-Walker, 20 sessions standard therapy). | Overground walking training with the i-Walker, a robotic servo-assistive device, enhances balance in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.cited 19× |
| traditional walking exercise | No effect - did not increase | maximal walking distance | Human | patients with IC | Walking group: at least 30 minutes three times a week | Calf raise exercise increases walking performance in patients with intermittent claudication.cited 8× |
| traditional walking exercise | No effect - did not increase | pain-free walking distance | Human | patients with IC | Walking group: at least 30 minutes three times a week | Calf raise exercise increases walking performance in patients with intermittent claudication.cited 8× |
| traditional walking exercise | No effect - did not increase | peak walking time | Human | patients with IC | Walking group: at least 30 minutes three times a week | Calf raise exercise increases walking performance in patients with intermittent claudication.cited 8× |
| repeated split-belt treadmill (SBT) walking | Increases - increased | walking speed | Human | individuals poststroke | Six training sessions over 2-3 weeks. | Repeated split-belt treadmill walking improved gait ability in individuals with chronic stroke: A pilot study.cited 25× |
| Apps designed to promote walking behavior | Increases - may be effective | walking behavior | Human | — | Not specified | Development and feasibility of a mobile phone application designed to support physically inactive employees to increase walking.cited 11× |
| Walking shoes with triple-density, variable-stiffness midsoles and mild lateral-wedge insoles designed to unload the medial knee and worn daily | No effect - did not differ | pain with walking | Human | persons with medial knee osteoarthritis | Daily wear of walking shoes (intervention: triple-density, variable-stiffness midsoles with mild lateral-wedge insoles; comparator: conventional walking shoes). | Unloading Shoes for Self-management of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Trial.cited 37× |
| body weight-supported overground walking added to conventional physiotherapy | Increases - reached a statistically significant increase | independent walking as detected by FAC | Human | experimental group | Not specified | Early body weight-supported overground walking training in patients with stroke in subacute phase compared to conventional physiotherapy: a randomized controlled pilot study.cited 10× |
| Walking training with auditory cueing | Increases - improved | walking speed | Human | Ambulatory adults with Parkinson's disease | Not specified | Walking training with auditory cueing improves walking speed more than walking training alone in ambulatory people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.cited 2× |
| Walking training with visual cueing | No effect - did not improve | walking speed | Human | Ambulatory adults with Parkinson's disease | Not specified | Walking training with auditory cueing improves walking speed more than walking training alone in ambulatory people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.cited 2× |
| voluntary walking interventions | Increases - appear to be effective | walking performance | Human | persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) | Not specified | Effects of walking interventions in persons with multiple sclerosis-A systematic review.cited 5× |
| voluntary walking interventions | Increases - improved | walking performance during long distance walk tests | Human | persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) | Not specified | Effects of walking interventions in persons with multiple sclerosis-A systematic review.cited 5× |
| voluntary walking interventions | Increases - improved | walking performance during short distance walk tests | Human | persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) | Not specified | Effects of walking interventions in persons with multiple sclerosis-A systematic review.cited 5× |
| 12-week walking program of 70 min/week of at least moderate intensity | Increases - had more | time walking | Human | participants with severe knee OA and increased cardiovascular risk | 70 minutes per week of at least moderate intensity. | A walking program for people with severe knee osteoarthritis did not reduce pain but may have benefits for cardiovascular health: a phase II randomised controlled trial.cited 35× |
| 12-week walking program of 70 min/week of at least moderate intensity | Increases - had a faster | walking speed | Human | participants with severe knee OA and increased cardiovascular risk | 70 minutes per week of at least moderate intensity. | A walking program for people with severe knee osteoarthritis did not reduce pain but may have benefits for cardiovascular health: a phase II randomised controlled trial.cited 35× |
| complex walking training | No effect - did not show significant improvement in | obstacle walking | Human | Individuals with idiopathic PD | 40 minutes/session, 12 sessions over 6 weeks. | Effects of motor and cognitive complex training on obstacle walking and brain activity in people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. |
| group walking program for older adults that incorporates the 5R Shared Leadership Program | Increases - significantly improved | walking activity | Human | older adults | Not specified | Leading the way together: a cluster randomised controlled trial of the 5R Shared Leadership Program in older adult walking groups.cited 7× |
| mixed training, involving walking | Increases - increased | preferred walking speed | Human | stroke survivors | Not specified | Physical fitness training for stroke patients.cited 178× |
| mixed training, involving walking | Increases - increased | walking capacity | Human | stroke survivors | Not specified | Physical fitness training for stroke patients.cited 178× |
| cardiorespiratory training involving walking | Increases - improved | maximum walking speed | Human | stroke survivors | Not specified | Physical fitness training for stroke patients.cited 178× |
| cardiorespiratory training involving walking | Increases - improved | walking capacity | Human | stroke survivors | Not specified | Physical fitness training for stroke patients.cited 178× |
| A 12-week personalized progressive walking program to increase daily steps utilizing weekly virtual visits with a physical therapist | No effect - were not reported | adverse events related to the walking program | Human | individuals within 8 weeks of a unilateral ACLR | 12-week personalized progressive walking program with weekly virtual physical therapist visits. | Feasibility and Acceptability of Implementing a Progressive Walking Program after ACL Reconstruction: A Mixed Methods Study. |
| barefoot walking program | Increases - significantly increased | speed and time spent walking on the treadmill | Human | people with PPHP | 4-week treadmill walking program (barefoot or shod). | Barefoot walking is beneficial for individuals with persistent plantar heel pain: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. |
| shod walking program | Increases - significantly increased | speed and time spent walking on the treadmill | Human | people with PPHP | 4-week treadmill walking program (barefoot or shod). | Barefoot walking is beneficial for individuals with persistent plantar heel pain: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. |
| intervention that promoted healthy diet and leisure-time walking during antenatal care | Increases - positive effects | leisure-time walking | Human | pregnant women | 150 minutes per week of walking (recommended). | Effectiveness of an intervention focusing on diet and walking during pregnancy in the primary health care service.cited 4× |
| intervention that promoted healthy diet and leisure-time walking during antenatal care | Increases - positive effects | leisure-time walking | Human | pregnant women | 150 minutes per week of walking (recommended). | Effectiveness of an intervention focusing on diet and walking during pregnancy in the primary health care service.cited 4× |
| intervention that promoted healthy diet and leisure-time walking during antenatal care | Increases - positive effects | women who achieved 150 minutes per week of walking | Human | pregnant women | 150 minutes per week of walking (recommended). | Effectiveness of an intervention focusing on diet and walking during pregnancy in the primary health care service.cited 4× |
| transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) associated with walking training | Increases - may help improve | walking | Human | slow and intermediate walkers with Parkinson's disease | 30-minute walking training sessions with tDCS, 4 weeks. | Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in addition to walking training on walking, mobility, and reduction of falls in Parkinson's disease: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.cited 2× |
| backward treadmill walking | Increases - is superior to forward treadmill walking in improving | walking capacity | Human | people with stroke | 30-minute sessions, three days/week. | Effect of backward walking treadmill training on walking capacity after stroke: a randomized clinical trial.cited 16× |
| backward treadmill walking | Increases - can improve | walking capacity | Human | people with stroke | 30-minute sessions, three days/week. | Effect of backward walking treadmill training on walking capacity after stroke: a randomized clinical trial.cited 16× |
| backward treadmill walking | Increases - may reflect in improving | walking distance | Human | — | 30-minute sessions, three days/week. | Effect of backward walking treadmill training on walking capacity after stroke: a randomized clinical trial.cited 16× |
| backward treadmill walking | Increases - is superior to forward treadmill walking in improving | walking parameters | Human | people with stroke | 30-minute sessions, three days/week. | Effect of backward walking treadmill training on walking capacity after stroke: a randomized clinical trial.cited 16× |
| backward treadmill walking | Increases - may provide advantages by promoting improvement | walking quality | Human | — | 30-minute sessions, three days/week. | Effect of backward walking treadmill training on walking capacity after stroke: a randomized clinical trial.cited 16× |
| backward treadmill walking | Increases - is superior to forward treadmill walking in improving | walking quality | Human | people with stroke | 30-minute sessions, three days/week. | Effect of backward walking treadmill training on walking capacity after stroke: a randomized clinical trial.cited 16× |
| backward treadmill walking | Increases - may provide advantages by promoting improvement | walking spatiotemporal parameters | Human | — | 30-minute sessions, three days/week. | Effect of backward walking treadmill training on walking capacity after stroke: a randomized clinical trial.cited 16× |
| community walking training program (CWTP) within the real environment | Increases - greater improvement was observed | walking function | Human | chronic stroke patients | CWTP for 30 min per day, five times a week, in addition to standard rehabilitation (60 min per day, five times a week). | Community walking training program improves walking function and social participation in chronic stroke patients.cited 31× |
| walking speed (tested over 20 meters) | Increases - minimum performance threshold | walking ≥6,000 steps/day | Human | people with knee OA | Not applicable (study measured steps/day, not a dosage). | Minimum Performance on Clinical Tests of Physical Function to Predict Walking 6,000 Steps/Day in Knee Osteoarthritis: An Observational Study.cited 23× |
| pedometer-based walking intervention by post | Increases - increased | IPAQ walking (IPAQ-Walk) minutes/week | Human | participants in the PACE-UP trial | Not specified (pedometer-based walking interventions). | Measuring change in trials of physical activity interventions: a comparison of self-report questionnaire and accelerometry within the PACE-UP trial.cited 44× |
| pedometer-based walking intervention with nurse support | Increases - increased | IPAQ walking (IPAQ-Walk) minutes/week | Human | participants in the PACE-UP trial | Not specified (pedometer-based walking interventions). | Measuring change in trials of physical activity interventions: a comparison of self-report questionnaire and accelerometry within the PACE-UP trial.cited 44× |
| regular quantitative and qualitative assessments of walking by physicians or other clinicians | Decreases - patient management | walking impairment | Human | patients with multiple sclerosis | Not specified | Loss of mobility and the patient burden of multiple sclerosis: expert opinion on relevance to daily clinical practice.cited 17× |
| objective measures of walking | No effect - available | walking distance | Human | — | Not specified | Loss of mobility and the patient burden of multiple sclerosis: expert opinion on relevance to daily clinical practice.cited 17× |
| objective measures of walking | No effect - available | walking speed | Human | — | Not specified | Loss of mobility and the patient burden of multiple sclerosis: expert opinion on relevance to daily clinical practice.cited 17× |
| intervention targeting walking balance | No effect - affects | participation in walking activities | Human | people with iSCI | 20 locomotor training sessions | Amplify Gait to Improve Locomotor Engagement in Spinal Cord Injury (AGILE SCI) trial: study protocol for an assessor blinded randomized controlled trial. |
| Texting while walking (TeWW) indoors | No effect - similar interference | walking and texting | Human | young and older adults | Not applicable | Older Adults Pay an Additional Cost When Texting and Walking: Effects of Age, Environment, and Use of Mixed Reality on Dual-Task Performance.cited 31× |
| bi-weekly emails for first 4 weeks and then weekly email for the next 8 weeks targeting self-efficacy, social support, goal setting, and benefits/barriers to walking | Increases - reported greater increases | walking | Animal | both intervention groups | Bi-weekly emails for the first 4 weeks, then weekly emails for the next 8 weeks. | Randomized Controlled Theory-Based, E-Mail-Mediated Walking Intervention.cited 10× |
| bi-weekly emails for first 4 weeks and then weekly email for the next 8 weeks targeting self-efficacy, social support, goal setting, and benefits/barriers to walking | Increases - maintained these increases | walking | Animal | both intervention groups | Bi-weekly emails for the first 4 weeks, then weekly emails for the next 8 weeks. | Randomized Controlled Theory-Based, E-Mail-Mediated Walking Intervention.cited 10× |
| bi-weekly emails for first 4 weeks and then weekly email for the next 8 weeks targeting self-efficacy, social support, goal setting, and benefits/barriers to walking | Increases - the greatest increases were seen | walking | Animal | dog owner intervention group | Bi-weekly emails for the first 4 weeks, then weekly emails for the next 8 weeks. | Randomized Controlled Theory-Based, E-Mail-Mediated Walking Intervention.cited 10× |
| positive messages to encourage walking | Increases - walked more than those who were informed about the negative consequences of failing to walk | walking | Human | older adults | Not specified (intervention focused on messaging, not walking dosage). | Positive messaging promotes walking in older adults.cited 84× |
| positive, negative, and neutral messages to encourage walking | No effect - were unaffected by framing valence | walking | Human | younger adults | Not specified (intervention focused on messaging, not walking dosage). | Positive messaging promotes walking in older adults.cited 84× |
| social networking Web site (Meetup™) delivering a multicomponent dog walking intervention | No effect - did not significantly change | dog walking barriers | Animal | sedentary dog owners | Not specified | An online social network to increase walking in dog owners: a randomized trial.cited 18× |
| social networking Web site (Meetup™) delivering a multicomponent dog walking intervention | Increases - reported an increase | perceived positive outcomes of dog walking | Animal | sedentary dog owners | Not specified | An online social network to increase walking in dog owners: a randomized trial.cited 18× |
| Functional electrical stimulation delivered to the common peroneal nerve while walking in addition to standard care | Increases - improved | 10 m walking speed | Human | people with Parkinson's disease and slow gait <1.25 ms | Not specified (functional electrical stimulation delivered to the common peroneal nerve while walking). | The effectiveness of peroneal nerve functional electrical simulation for the reduction of bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease: A feasibility study for a randomised control trial.cited 11× |
| Backward walking training (BWT) in addition to conventional walking training (CWT) | Increases - showed significant improvements | Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12) | Human | people with MS (PwMS) | Training performed three times a week for 8 weeks. | Effects of backward walking training on balance, gait, and functional mobility in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled study.cited 4× |
| home exercise programme augmented with Nordic pole walking | Increases - increased | mean walking distance | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | Not specified (home exercise program augmented with Nordic pole walking). | A Three Month Home Exercise Programme Augmented with Nordic Poles for Patients with Intermittent Claudication Enhances Quality of Life and Continues to Improve Walking Distance and Compliance After One Year.cited 7× |
| home exercise programme augmented with Nordic pole walking | Increases - increased | mean walking speed | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | Not specified (home exercise program augmented with Nordic pole walking). | A Three Month Home Exercise Programme Augmented with Nordic Poles for Patients with Intermittent Claudication Enhances Quality of Life and Continues to Improve Walking Distance and Compliance After One Year.cited 7× |
| home exercise programme augmented with Nordic pole walking | Increases - continued to improve | walking distance | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | Not specified (home exercise program augmented with Nordic pole walking). | A Three Month Home Exercise Programme Augmented with Nordic Poles for Patients with Intermittent Claudication Enhances Quality of Life and Continues to Improve Walking Distance and Compliance After One Year.cited 7× |
| home exercise programme augmented with Nordic pole walking | Increases - continued to improve | walking speed | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | Not specified (home exercise program augmented with Nordic pole walking). | A Three Month Home Exercise Programme Augmented with Nordic Poles for Patients with Intermittent Claudication Enhances Quality of Life and Continues to Improve Walking Distance and Compliance After One Year.cited 7× |
| normal walking (control) | Increases - increased | mean walking distance | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | Not specified (home exercise program augmented with Nordic pole walking). | A Three Month Home Exercise Programme Augmented with Nordic Poles for Patients with Intermittent Claudication Enhances Quality of Life and Continues to Improve Walking Distance and Compliance After One Year.cited 7× |
| normal walking (control) | Increases - increased | mean walking speed | Human | patients with intermittent claudication | Not specified (home exercise program augmented with Nordic pole walking). | A Three Month Home Exercise Programme Augmented with Nordic Poles for Patients with Intermittent Claudication Enhances Quality of Life and Continues to Improve Walking Distance and Compliance After One Year.cited 7× |
| walking school bus (WSB) program | Increases - increase | walking to school | Human | school-age children | Not specified | Parent Perceptions on a Walking School Bus Program Among Low-Income Families: A Qualitative Study.cited 2× |
| treadmill walking exercise | Increases - appears superior | improving walking endurance | Human | — | 12 weeks of supervised treadmill exercise (specific frequency not detailed). | Exercise training for intermittent claudication.cited 55× |
| home-based walking exercise | Increases - supports to improve | walking performance | Human | people with PAD | 12 weeks of supervised treadmill exercise (specific frequency not detailed). | Exercise training for intermittent claudication.cited 55× |
| home-based walking exercise programs | Increases - preferentially improve | corridor walking | Human | — | 12 weeks of supervised treadmill exercise (specific frequency not detailed). | Exercise training for intermittent claudication.cited 55× |
| overground walking | Increases - recommended | walking ability | Human | children and young people with cerebral palsy | Not specified | Interventions to improve physical function for children and young people with cerebral palsy: international clinical practice guideline.cited 130× |
| individual-based personalization (Indiv) of walking bouts detection algorithm thresholds | Increases - excluded non-walking activities that were initially wrongly interpreted as extremely slow walking | detection of non-walking activities | Human | children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typical development (TD) | Not applicable | A Personalized Approach to Improve Walking Detection in Real-Life Settings: Application to Children with Cerebral Palsy.cited 5× |
| individual-based personalization (Indiv) of walking bouts detection algorithm thresholds | Increases - improved | walking bouts detection | Human | children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typical development (TD) | Not applicable | A Personalized Approach to Improve Walking Detection in Real-Life Settings: Application to Children with Cerebral Palsy.cited 5× |
| individual-based personalization (Indiv) of walking bouts detection algorithm thresholds | Increases - showed the best results | walking bouts detection | Human | children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typical development (TD) | Not applicable | A Personalized Approach to Improve Walking Detection in Real-Life Settings: Application to Children with Cerebral Palsy.cited 5× |
| population-based customization (Pop) of walking bouts detection algorithm thresholds | Increases - improved | walking bouts detection | Human | children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typical development (TD) | Not applicable | A Personalized Approach to Improve Walking Detection in Real-Life Settings: Application to Children with Cerebral Palsy.cited 5× |
| HFNC-aided walking | Increases - exhibited a longer walking distance than those performing unaided walking | walking distance | Human | stable COPD patients | Not specified | Effects of high-flow nasal cannula with oxygen on self-paced exercise performance in COPD: A randomized cross-over trial.cited 7× |
| providing specific information about how to increase walking | Increases - reported to have the most impact | walking | Human | trial participants | Not specified (pedometer and handbook with/without nurse support). | Numbers are not the whole story: a qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators to increased physical activity in a primary care based walking intervention.cited 36× |
| additional backward walking training | Increases - showed more improvement | walking speed | Human | subjects with stroke | 30 minutes of backward walking training, three times per week. | Gait outcomes after additional backward walking training in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial.cited 85× |
| Dogs, Physical Activity, and Walking intervention | Increases - is effective in increasing and maintaining an increase | dog walking | HumanAnimal | dog owners | Email messages (twice weekly for 4 weeks, then weekly for 8 weeks). | Evaluation of the Dogs, Physical Activity, and Walking (Dogs PAW) Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 7× |
| Dogs, Physical Activity, and Walking intervention | Increases - accumulated significantly more weekly minutes | weekly minutes of dog walking | HumanAnimal | dog owners | Email messages (twice weekly for 4 weeks, then weekly for 8 weeks). | Evaluation of the Dogs, Physical Activity, and Walking (Dogs PAW) Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 7× |
| walking tests and tools | No effect - were found to be valid and reliable | walking outcomes | Human | adults with inherited or genetic NMDs | Not available | Walking test outcomes in adults with genetic neuromuscular diseases: a systematic literature review of their measurement properties.cited 1× |
| school-based walking intervention | No effect - uptake rate | walking sessions offered | Human | — | Not specified | 'Walk Buds': A walking intervention to increase physical activity, physical fitness, and emotional wellbeing, in 9-13 year old children with intellectual disabilities. Results of a clustered randomised feasibility trial.cited 2× |
| 4-m walking test | No effect - No significant difference was found in the walking speed assessed with the 4-m compared to the 6-min walking test | walking speed | Human | 288 community-dwelling elderly (mean age 82.2 ± 7.1 years) referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic | Not specified | Walking speed in elderly outpatients depends on the assessment method.cited 30× |
| 4-m walking test | No effect - ICCs showed excellent agreement of the 4-m with the 10-m walking test | walking speed agreement | Human | 288 community-dwelling elderly (mean age 82.2 ± 7.1 years) referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic | Not specified | Walking speed in elderly outpatients depends on the assessment method.cited 30× |
| 6-min walking test | No effect - ICCs showed fair to good agreement of the 6-min with the 4-m as well as 10-m walking test | walking speed agreement | Human | 288 community-dwelling elderly (mean age 82.2 ± 7.1 years) referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic | Not specified | Walking speed in elderly outpatients depends on the assessment method.cited 30× |
| 10-m walking test | Increases - was higher compared to | mean walking speed | Human | 288 community-dwelling elderly (mean age 82.2 ± 7.1 years) referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic | Not specified | Walking speed in elderly outpatients depends on the assessment method.cited 30× |
| 10-m walking test | Increases - was higher compared to | mean walking speed | Human | 288 community-dwelling elderly (mean age 82.2 ± 7.1 years) referred to a geriatric outpatient clinic | Not specified | Walking speed in elderly outpatients depends on the assessment method.cited 30× |
| robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) with a single joint robotic exoskeleton device (EXOD), the Honda Walking Assist device | Increases - had greater improvements | stride length during unassisted walking | Human | Participants with greater disease severity (worse baseline motor scores) | Supervised in-home and community training with the EXOD twice weekly. | Use of a Robotic Walking Device for Home and Community Mobility in Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 4× |
| police-patrolled walking plus social marketing | Increases - showed an increase | walking attendance | Human | African-Americans | Not specified | The Results of the "Positive Action for Today's Health" (PATH) Trial for Increasing Walking and Physical Activity in Underserved African-American Communities.cited 35× |
| Nordic walking on a treadmill | Increases - therapeutic benefit to improve balance function and walking ability | balance function and walking ability | Human | individuals with PD | Not specified | Effects of an intensive Nordic walking intervention on the balance function and walking ability of individuals with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial.cited 27× |
| planning intervention to develop a walking habit (consistent context) | Increases - increased | daily walking steps | Human | 127 insufficiently active, working, midlife adults | Not specified | Confirming the Causal Role of Consistent Contexts in Developing a Walking Habit: A Randomized Comparison With Varied Contexts.cited 1× |
| planning intervention to develop a walking habit (varied context) | Increases - increased | daily walking steps | Human | 127 insufficiently active, working, midlife adults | Not specified | Confirming the Causal Role of Consistent Contexts in Developing a Walking Habit: A Randomized Comparison With Varied Contexts.cited 1× |
| planning intervention to develop a walking habit (consistent context) | No effect - did not show walking maintenance | walking maintenance | Human | 127 insufficiently active, working, midlife adults | Not specified | Confirming the Causal Role of Consistent Contexts in Developing a Walking Habit: A Randomized Comparison With Varied Contexts.cited 1× |
| planning intervention to develop a walking habit | Decreases - developed more habit automaticity during the intervention also maintained walking more (decreased less) | walking maintenance | Human | 127 insufficiently active, working, midlife adults | Not specified | Confirming the Causal Role of Consistent Contexts in Developing a Walking Habit: A Randomized Comparison With Varied Contexts.cited 1× |
| home-based walking exercise | Increases - was associated with significantly less improvement in | maximum treadmill walking distance | Human | people with PAD (defined as Ankle Brachial Index ≤0.90) | Supervised treadmill exercise: 3 days weekly, up to 50 minutes per session. Home-based walking: up to 5 days per week, 50 minutes per session. | Home-Based Walking Exercise and Supervised Treadmill Exercise in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.cited 14× |
| home-based walking exercise | Increases - improve | walking ability | Human | patients with PAD | Supervised treadmill exercise: 36 sessions over 12 weeks; home-based walking: frequency not specified. | Exercise Rehabilitation for Peripheral Artery Disease: A REVIEW.cited 57× |
| home-based walking exercise interventions that incorporate behavioral change techniques | Increases - improve | walking ability | Human | patients with PAD | Supervised treadmill exercise: 36 sessions over 12 weeks; home-based walking: frequency not specified. | Exercise Rehabilitation for Peripheral Artery Disease: A REVIEW.cited 57× |
| walking index for SCI | No effect - studied | walking ability | Human | spinal cord injury | Not available | Walking Ability Outcome Measures in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.cited 13× |
| walking aid use | No effect - explained | performance-based walking | Human | people with limb loss | Not available | Relevance of medical comorbidities for functional mobility in people with limb loss: retrospective explanatory models for a clinical walking measure and a patient-reported functional outcome.cited 8× |
| combining complex walking tasks with a cognitive assignment | Decreases - resulting in a more pronounced decline in walking and/or cognitive performance | walking and/or cognitive performance | Human | — | Not available | Towards a comprehensive framework for complex walking tasks: Characterization, behavioral adaptations, and clinical implications in ageing and neurological populations.cited 2× |
| complex walking tasks | Decreases - significantly impact walking performance | walking performance | Human | ageing and neurological populations | Not available | Towards a comprehensive framework for complex walking tasks: Characterization, behavioral adaptations, and clinical implications in ageing and neurological populations.cited 2× |
| group education programme for promoting walking | Increases - mean difference | treadmill maximum walking distance | Human | people with intermittent claudication (Rutherford category 1-3) | Three-hour group-based education workshop plus follow-up telephone support. | The development and pilot randomised controlled trial of a group education programme for promoting walking in people with intermittent claudication.cited 36× |
| group education programme for promoting walking | Increases - had superior | walking capacity | Human | people with intermittent claudication (Rutherford category 1-3) | Three-hour group-based education workshop plus follow-up telephone support. | The development and pilot randomised controlled trial of a group education programme for promoting walking in people with intermittent claudication.cited 36× |
| a walking event including several walking tasks | No effect - assessed the effect | self-efficacy for walking tasks | Human | patients following TKA | 3.5 km walking course with specific tasks (crossing crosswalks, walking up/down stairs without railings, dirt roads, slopes). | Effects of an Intervention to Improve Life-Space Mobility and Self-Efficacy in Patients following Total Knee Arthroplasty.cited 9× |
| dual task walking | Decreases - significantly different among groups | reduction in walking speed | Human | healthy young, healthy elderly, children with typical development, children with cerebral palsy and adults with stroke in subacute phase | Not specified | Maintaining gait stability during dual walking task: effects of age and neurological disorders.cited 37× |
| dual task walking | Decreases - showed a reduced speed | walking speed | Human | All subjects | Not specified | Maintaining gait stability during dual walking task: effects of age and neurological disorders.cited 37× |
| pNIV device during walking | Increases - can improve | dyspnea and walking distance | Human | patients with moderate to severe COPD | Pre-set inspiratory/expiratory positive airway pressure of 18/8 cmH₂O. | Portable NIV for patients with moderate to severe COPD: two randomized crossover trials.cited 7× |
| daily AIH combined with walking practice (AIH + WALK) | Increases - improved | overground walking performance | Human | persons with chronic, incomplete SCI | 15 episodes of 10.0% O₂, 90 seconds each, daily for 5 consecutive days. | Daily acute intermittent hypoxia combined with walking practice enhances walking performance but not intralimb motor coordination in persons with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury.cited 28× |
| walking backward on a treadmill | No effect - determines the effect | speed of walking | Human | patients with chronic stroke | 30 minutes of traditional physical therapy three times a week, plus an additional 30 minutes of backward treadmill walking for the experimental group. | The Effect of Walking Backward on a Treadmill on Balance, Speed of Walking and Cardiopulmonary Fitness for Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Study.cited 22× |
| pedometer-based walking intervention with weekly activity goals | Increases - led to increased | walking | Human | dialysis patients | Weekly activity goals (specific step count not detailed). | Association of Cognitive Function Screening Results with Adherence and Performance in a Pedometer-Based Intervention.cited 4× |
| balance and brisk walking group (B&B) | Increases - positive carryover effects | walking capacity | Human | individuals with mild-to-moderate PD | 90-minute supervised sessions (weekly for weeks 1-6, monthly for weeks 7-26) plus unsupervised home exercises 2-3 times/week. | Effectiveness of Balance Exercise and Brisk Walking on Alleviating Nonmotor and Motor Symptoms in People With Mild-to-Moderate Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial With 6-Month Follow-up.cited 1× |
| balance and brisk walking group (B&B) | Increases - improves | walking capacity | Human | individuals with mild-to-moderate PD | 90-minute supervised sessions (weekly for weeks 1-6, monthly for weeks 7-26) plus unsupervised home exercises 2-3 times/week. | Effectiveness of Balance Exercise and Brisk Walking on Alleviating Nonmotor and Motor Symptoms in People With Mild-to-Moderate Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial With 6-Month Follow-up.cited 1× |
| mechanically assisted walking with body weight support | Increases - resulted in more independent walking | independent walking | Human | Non-ambulatory adults ≤ 12 weeks after stroke | Not specified | Mechanically assisted walking with body weight support results in more independent walking and better walking ability compared with usual walking training in non-ambulatory adults early after stroke: a systematic review. |
| mechanically assisted walking with body weight support | Increases - resulted in better walking ability | walking ability | Human | Non-ambulatory adults ≤ 12 weeks after stroke | Not specified | Mechanically assisted walking with body weight support results in more independent walking and better walking ability compared with usual walking training in non-ambulatory adults early after stroke: a systematic review. |
| mechanically assisted walking with body weight support | Increases - resulted in better walking ability | walking ability | Human | Non-ambulatory adults ≤ 12 weeks after stroke | Not specified | Mechanically assisted walking with body weight support results in more independent walking and better walking ability compared with usual walking training in non-ambulatory adults early after stroke: a systematic review. |
| mechanically assisted walking with body weight support | No effect - does not appear to be detrimental to walking speed | walking speed | Human | Non-ambulatory adults ≤ 12 weeks after stroke | Not specified | Mechanically assisted walking with body weight support results in more independent walking and better walking ability compared with usual walking training in non-ambulatory adults early after stroke: a systematic review. |
| mechanically assisted walking with body weight support | No effect - does not appear to be detrimental to walking speed | walking speed | Human | Non-ambulatory adults ≤ 12 weeks after stroke | Not specified | Mechanically assisted walking with body weight support results in more independent walking and better walking ability compared with usual walking training in non-ambulatory adults early after stroke: a systematic review. |
| backward walking (interval march training) | No effect - no significant differences | average walking speed | Human | patients after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery | Not specified | A Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of a Training Walking Program in Patients Recovering from Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery.cited 9× |
| backward walking (interval march training) | Decreases - statistically significantly lower reduction | walking distance in the corridor test | Human | patients after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery | Not specified | A Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of a Training Walking Program in Patients Recovering from Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery.cited 9× |
| forward walking (interval march training) | No effect - no significant differences | average walking speed | Human | patients after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery | Not specified | A Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of a Training Walking Program in Patients Recovering from Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery.cited 9× |
| home-based walking exercise that induced ischemic leg symptoms | Increases - improved change in usual-paced walking velocity over 4 m | usual-paced walking velocity over 4 m | Human | participants with peripheral artery disease | Not specified | Effects of Walking Exercise at a Pace With Versus Without Ischemic Leg Symptoms on Functional Performance Measures in People With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: The LITE Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 8× |
| tDCS combined with walking training | No effect - produced negligible additional benefit over the effect of walking training alone | walking speed | Human | ambulatory adults with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease | Training sessions lasted 30 to 60 minutes, conducted two to three times per week. | Transcranial direct current stimulation provides no clinically important benefits over walking training for improving walking in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.cited 6× |
| interventions/strategies to promote walking and moving around (functional mobility) | No effect - were explored | walking and moving around (functional mobility) | Human | individuals with Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) | Not specified | What is the best way to keep walking and moving around for individuals with Machado-Joseph disease? A scoping review through the lens of Aboriginal families with Machado-Joseph disease in the Top End of Australia.cited 3× |
| walking exercise intervention | Increases - goal for eliciting MCIDs | peak walking time (PWT) and claudication onset time (COT) | Human | symptomatic PAD patients | Not specified (exercise programs only). | Minimal clinically important differences in treadmill, 6-minute walk, and patient-based outcomes following supervised and home-based exercise in peripheral artery disease.cited 90× |
| walking skills intervention | Increases - associated with a long-term improvement | walking performance | Human | patients with total knee replacement | Not specified | Effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise following total knee replacement: systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 158× |
| robotic walking training | Increases - improves probability to reach an autonomous walking | probability to reach an autonomous walking | Human | non-ambulant patients affected by subacute stroke | 5 times per week | Clinical features of patients who might benefit more from walking robotic training.cited 19× |
| interval walking training (IWT) | Increases - increased | peak aerobic capacity for walking (VO₂peak) | Human | female patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) | 60 minutes of fast walking at >70% peak aerobic capacity (VO₂peak) per week. | Effects of home-based interval walking training on thigh muscle strength and aerobic capacity in female total hip arthroplasty patients: a randomized, controlled pilot study.cited 13× |
| daily AIH, alone or in combination with task-specific walking practice | Increases - safely promotes persistent recovery of walking | walking recovery | Human | persons with traumatic, subacute SCI | Non-ambulatory group: 15 episodes of 90s AIH at 10.0% O₂ per day; ambulatory group: same AIH protocol combined with 30 minutes of walking practice. | Daily acute intermittent hypoxia to improve walking function in persons with subacute spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial study protocol.cited 9× |
| treadmill walking combined with obstacle-crossing training | Increases - may help improve | walking ability | Human | patients with hemiplegic stroke | 30 minutes/day, 5 times/week of treadmill walking with obstacle-crossing (experimental group) or standard treadmill walking (control group). | The effects of treadmill walking combined with obstacle-crossing on walking ability in ambulatory patients after stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial.cited 12× |
| Phase I (months 1-6), individually-tailored intervention promoting a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern and increased walking | Increases - substantial improvements | walking | Human | 251 (74 %) that returned for 6 month follow-up | Not specified | A community-based lifestyle and weight loss intervention promoting a Mediterranean-style diet pattern evaluated in the stroke belt of North Carolina: the Heart Healthy Lenoir Project.cited 43× |
| a home-based, walking exercise behavior change intervention delivered by physical therapists | Increases - changed | 6-minute walking distance | Human | adults with PAD and intermittent claudication | Not specified (behavioral intervention, not a fixed dosage). | Effect of a Home-Based, Walking Exercise Behavior Change Intervention vs Usual Care on Walking in Adults With Peripheral Artery Disease: The MOSAIC Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 40× |
| a home-based, walking exercise behavior change intervention delivered by physical therapists | Increases - resulted in improved | walking distance | Human | adults with PAD and intermittent claudication | Not specified (behavioral intervention, not a fixed dosage). | Effect of a Home-Based, Walking Exercise Behavior Change Intervention vs Usual Care on Walking in Adults With Peripheral Artery Disease: The MOSAIC Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 40× |
| aerobic walking | Increases - effect size | treadmill walking capacity | Human | patients with symptomatic PAD | Not specified (interventions included aerobic exercise, resistance training, combined training, and underwater exercise). | The Effect of Exercise Modalities on Walking Capacity in Patients With Intermittent Claudication: A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS.cited 3× |
| aerobic walking | Increases - improved | treadmill walking capacity | Human | patients with symptomatic PAD | Not specified (interventions included aerobic exercise, resistance training, combined training, and underwater exercise). | The Effect of Exercise Modalities on Walking Capacity in Patients With Intermittent Claudication: A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS.cited 3× |
| aerobic walking | Increases - improved | walking capacity | Human | patients with symptomatic PAD | Not specified (interventions included aerobic exercise, resistance training, combined training, and underwater exercise). | The Effect of Exercise Modalities on Walking Capacity in Patients With Intermittent Claudication: A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS.cited 3× |
| 12-week physical activity intervention of behavioral counseling, physical activity and home-based walking | Increases - improvements | walking self-efficacy | Human | obese, socioculturally diverse endometrial cancer survivors | 118±79 minutes/week of home-based walking. | Feasibility of a physical activity intervention for obese, socioculturally diverse endometrial cancer survivors.cited 33× |
| Walking exercise | Increases - is the most effective noninvasive therapy that improves | walking ability | Human | peripheral artery disease (PAD) | Not specified (supervised treadmill exercise). | Walking Exercise Therapy Effects on Lower Extremity Skeletal Muscle in Peripheral Artery Disease.cited 34× |
| culturally-tailored community-based walking intervention | Increases - will yield meaningful changes in | seniors' walking levels | Human | African American, Latino, Chinese, and Korean seniors with hypertension | Hour-long sessions twice weekly for four weeks. | Study protocol of "Worth the Walk": a randomized controlled trial of a stroke risk reduction walking intervention among racial/ethnic minority older adults with hypertension in community senior centers.cited 12× |
| prolonged walking | No effect - no demonstrable change | energy cost of walking (ECoW) | Human | children with cerebral palsy and typically developing children | 6-minute walking exercise at comfortable speed, 2 minutes of moderate-intensity walking, and 4 minutes walking after moderate-intensity walking. | Fatigue-related gait adaptations in children with cerebral palsy. |
| functional resistance training (FRT) during walking configured to resist the hip and knee | No effect - was not different from resisting the knee | walking with resistance | Molecular | non-disabled individuals | Not specified. | Functional resistance training during walking: do biomechanical and neural effects differ based on targeted joints?cited 1× |
| walking-only intervention | Increases - improved | walking endurance | Human | community-dwelling older adults | Not specified | Effects of Walking-Only Intervention on Physical Function, Fall-Related Outcomes, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 1× |
| theory-based, task-oriented, community walking programme | Increases - can increase | outdoor walking activity | Human | older adults | 10-week group outdoor walking program (two 1-hour sessions/week). | A theory-based, task-oriented, outdoor walking programme for older adults with difficulty walking outdoors: protocol for the Getting Older Adults Outdoors (GO-OUT) randomised controlled trial.cited 19× |
| walking combined with respiratory training along with standard rehabilitation care | Increases - greater | 6-min walking distance | Human | patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) | Not specified | Impact of Walking and Respiratory Training on Cardiopulmonary Function and Activity Endurance in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. |
| Nordic walking | Increases - seems to improve | walking ability | Human | patients with PD | Not specified | Effects of Nordic walking in people with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 10× |
| Nordic Walking | Increases - improved | walking speed | Human | 318 patients at the early stages of PD with low to moderate severity | Not specified | The motor and the non-motor outcomes of Nordic Walking in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.cited 9× |