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Evidence suggests Ketogenic Diet maydecreaseObesity.
144 studies (152 claims)
Emerging evidence
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| intermittent fasting (IF) diet | Decreases - has been suggested as an alternative treatment | obesity and related complications | Human | — | 16:8 IF (fasting from 8 P.M. to 12 P.M. the next day). | The effects of intermittent fasting diet in comparison with low-calorie diet on lipid profile, glycemic status, and liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD): a study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 2× |
| high fructose diet | Increases - leads to | obesity and type 2 diabetes | HumanAnimal | human populations | Not specified | Alpha-lipoic acid and its protective role in fructose induced endocrine-metabolic disturbances.cited 10× |
| diet counseling and supervised exercise | Decreases - ranked beneficial or possibly beneficial | risk factors for childhood obesity | Human | pregnant women | Not specified | Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative: Summary of the evidence base for pregnancy-related interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in children.cited 16× |
| diet and exercise counseling | Decreases - ranked beneficial or possibly beneficial | risk factors for childhood obesity | Human | pregnant women | Not specified | Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative: Summary of the evidence base for pregnancy-related interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in children.cited 16× |
| vegetarian diet | Decreases - were significantly less obese | obesity | Human | Ninety-eight Seventh-day Adventist vegetarians | Not specified | Vegetarian diet, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.cited 29× |
| vegetarian diet | Decreases - reduce the risk of developing | obesity | Human | — | Not available | Nutrition of vegetarians in Poland – a review of research.cited 4× |
| vegetarian diet | Decreases - associated with lower prevalence | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Clinical practice: vegetarian infant and child nutrition.cited 56× |
| lifestyle counseling about diet and exercise | No effect - not adequate treatment | severe childhood obesity | Human | children | Not specified | Pediatric Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.cited 8× |
| more intensive and earlier diet and exercise interventions | No effect - required | aggressive management of obesity | Human | South Asians | Not specified | Obesity in South Asia: Phenotype, Morbidities, and Mitigation.cited 67× |
| low advanced glycation end products diet | No effect - assess the effect | obesity and related hormones | Human | — | Not specified | The impact of low advanced glycation end products diet on obesity and related hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 18× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil | Decreases - significant decreases | central obesity | Human | participants in the group receiving olive oil supplementation | Not specified (ad libitum Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts). | Mediterranean diets and metabolic syndrome status in the PREDIMED randomized trial.cited 195× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts | Decreases - significant decrease | central obesity | Human | participants in the group supplemented with nuts | Not specified (ad libitum Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts). | Mediterranean diets and metabolic syndrome status in the PREDIMED randomized trial.cited 195× |
| combination of strength plus endurance exercise for a minimum of 175 min per week and a customized hypocaloric diet based on patient-specific metabolic needs and overall health status | Decreases - most efficient regimen | obesity management | Human | adults | Not specified. | A systematic review on the effectiveness of diet and exercise in the management of obesity.cited 15× |
| poor diet quality | Increases - may arise from | etiopathogenesis of obesity | Human | patients with obesity | Not mentioned | Malnutrition in patients with obesity: An overview perspective.cited 3× |
| maternal obesity and a high-fat diet during lactation | Increases - enhances | obesity risk | Human | offspring | Not specified | Obesogenic Programming Effects during Lactation: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Model Focusing on Underlying Mechanisms and Promising Future Research Avenues.cited 12× |
| Feeding a high-fat diet | Increases - causes | obesity | Animal | mice | Not specified | cJun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1): roles in metabolic regulation of insulin resistance.cited 133× |
| Mediterranean Diet (MD) including sourdough bread and healthy products from the Mediterranean basis (chickpeas/hummus, nuts, and pomegranate juice) | Decreases - identifying positive effects exerted by | youth obesity and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors | Human | overweight and obese adolescents (13-17 years) from Spain, Portugal, and Italy | Not specified | Study Protocol of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial to Tackle Obesity through a Mediterranean Diet vs. a Traditional Low-Fat Diet in Adolescents: The MED4Youth Study.cited 4× |
| Mediterranean Diet (MD) | Decreases - strengthen the link between the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the health benefits | youth obesity and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors | Human | overweight and obese adolescents (13-17 years) from Spain, Portugal, and Italy | Not specified | Study Protocol of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial to Tackle Obesity through a Mediterranean Diet vs. a Traditional Low-Fat Diet in Adolescents: The MED4Youth Study.cited 4× |
| hypocaloric diet plan | Decreases - implemented | obesity | HumanAnimal | canine rehabilitation patients with orthopedic disease | Not mentioned | Clinical Guide to Obesity and Nonherbal Nutraceuticals in Canine Orthopedic Conditions. |
| anti-inflammatory diet | Increases - was shown to be effective | obesity management | Human | — | Not specified | The Efficacy of an Energy-Restricted Anti-Inflammatory Diet for the Management of Obesity in Younger Adults.cited 40× |
| a high fat diet that is deficient in omega-3 fatty acids | Increases - could promote | obesity and excessive inflammation | Human | — | 3.18 g daily of eicosapentaenoic acid and 822 mg daily of docosahexaenoic acid. | Nutrigenetic response to omega-3 fatty acids in obese asthmatics (NOOA): rationale and methods.cited 13× |
| sibutramine, metformin, and hypocaloric diet | Increases - best-ranked treatment | treatment effectiveness for obesity | Human | women | Supervised walking (specific duration/frequency not detailed) combined with hydroxycitric acid, 4667 mg 3 times daily, and a 2000-kcal/d diet. | Pharmaceutical Therapies for the Treatment of Obesity: A Network Meta-analysis.cited 3× |
| liraglutide plus advice to diet and exercise | Increases - best-ranked treatment | treatment effectiveness for obesity | Human | both men and women | Supervised walking (specific duration/frequency not detailed) combined with hydroxycitric acid, 4667 mg 3 times daily, and a 2000-kcal/d diet. | Pharmaceutical Therapies for the Treatment of Obesity: A Network Meta-analysis.cited 3× |
| hydroxycitric acid, 4667 mg 3 times daily, supervised walking, and 2000-kcal/d diet | Increases - best-ranked treatment | treatment effectiveness for obesity | Human | both men and women | Supervised walking (specific duration/frequency not detailed) combined with hydroxycitric acid, 4667 mg 3 times daily, and a 2000-kcal/d diet. | Pharmaceutical Therapies for the Treatment of Obesity: A Network Meta-analysis.cited 3× |
| licorice extract plus a low-calorie diet | Decreases - significant differences | obesity indices (body weight, BMI, and body fat) | Human | overweight/obese women with PCOS | 1.5 g/day licorice extract. | Effects of licorice extract in combination with a low-calorie diet on obesity indices, glycemic indices, and lipid profiles in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 1× |
| Diet and exercise | No effect - are not effective | management of severe obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Obesity and the Need for Bariatric Surgery in Nigeria: A Review.cited 2× |
| diet and exercise | Decreases - should be the backbone of obesity treatment | obesity | Human | obese patients | Not Assessed | Obesity in the Liver Transplant Setting.cited 37× |
| 6-month Western diet (high-fat, high-sugar) intervention | Increases - showed | clear obesity | HumanAnimal | Male C57 BL6 mice | High-fat (30% lard, 0.2% cholesterol, ~57% calories) and sucrose-rich (20%) chow, plus high-sugar solution (23.1 g/L D-fructose, 18.9 g/L D-glucose) | Western diet-induced mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with metabolic outcomes: Features of gut microbiome-liver-adipose tissue axis.cited 29× |
| plant-based diet intervention | Decreases - may improve | COVID-19 obesity modifiable risk factors | Human | obese older adults | Not specified | Decreasing Older Adult COVID-19 Risk Factors Using Digital Technology to Implement a Plant-Based-Diet: An Opinion Paper.cited 3× |
| consumption of 500 mg/day of LC-HS extracts enriched in polyphenols for two months in the context of an isocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | symptoms associated to obesity-related diseases | HumanMolecular | overweight subjects | 500 mg/day (combination of Lippia citriodora and Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts) | Differential effects of a combination of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora polyphenols in overweight/obese subjects: A randomized controlled trial.cited 27× |
| a 6-month personalized counseling program, based on Mediterranean diet principles | Increases - increased | proportion of patients with obesity | Human | EBC patients treated with AIs | 6-month personalized dietary counseling program based on Mediterranean diet principles. | Body composition in early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors: Does dietary counseling matter? |
| a 6-month personalized counseling program, based on Mediterranean diet principles | Increases - increased | proportion of patients with sarcopenic obesity | Human | EBC patients treated with AIs | 6-month personalized dietary counseling program based on Mediterranean diet principles. | Body composition in early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors: Does dietary counseling matter? |
| programs promoting adherence of young children to the traditional Mediterranean diet | Decreases - should be part of a multi-intervention strategy for the prevention and treatment | pediatric overweight and obesity | Human | young children | Not specified | The Diet of Preschool Children in the Mediterranean Countries of the European Union: A Systematic Review.cited 62× |
| cholesterol-rich lard-based high-fat diet | Decreases - completely DIO resistant | diet-induced obesity (DIO) | Animal | GF mice | Not specified (high-fat diets based on lard or palm oil). | Dietary fat and gut microbiota interactions determine diet-induced obesity in mice.cited 147× |
| cholesterol-free palm oil-based high-fat diet | No effect - DIO was independent of gut microbiota | diet-induced obesity (DIO) | Animal | GF mice | Not specified (high-fat diets based on lard or palm oil). | Dietary fat and gut microbiota interactions determine diet-induced obesity in mice.cited 147× |
| diet modulation | Decreases - are traditionally based on | obesity and associated comorbidities | Human | — | Not specified | Over-feeding the gut microbiome: A scoping review on health implications and therapeutic perspectives.cited 7× |
| Google searches for diet-, exercise-, and obesity-related terms | No effect - explained | variation in obesity prevalence | Human | 52 African countries | — | Monitoring Information-Seeking Patterns and Obesity Prevalence in Africa With Internet Search Data: Observational Study.cited 5× |
| high-fat-diet | Increases - induced | diabetes with obesity | HumanAnimal | mouse | Not specified | Cellular Senescence in Diabetes Mellitus: Distinct Senotherapeutic Strategies for Adipose Tissue and Pancreatic β Cells.cited 55× |
| high-fat diet | Increases - could induce abnormal expression of | lncRNA associated with obesity syndrome | Human | — | Not specified | The role of long noncoding RNA in lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism and treatment of obesity syndrome.cited 31× |
| high fat diet (HFD) | Increases - induced | obesity | Animal | rats | Not specified | Therapeutic effects of alpha lipoic acid and/or caffeine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on memory impairment and neurochemical changes in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. |
| high-fat diet | Increases - experienced | obesity | Human | monkeys with impaired glucose tolerance | Not specified | Comparison of the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus between rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta lasiotis) and human being.cited 16× |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - leads to | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | The Evolving Role of Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Obesity and Related Diseases: Recent Insights and Advances.cited 1× |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - developed | obesity | Animal | rats | 100 mg/kg/day | Pyridoxine exerts antioxidant effects on kidney injury manifestations in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - induced | obesity | AnimalMolecular | C57BL/6j mice | Not specified | Fish Oil Supplementation Mitigates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity: Exploring Epigenetic Modulation and Genes Associated with Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Mice.cited 5× |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - resulted in | obesity | Animal | mice | 1 g/kg/day for 8 weeks, 1 g/kg/day for 12 weeks, and 2.5 g/kg/day for 8 weeks. | Beneficial Effects of Red Yeast Rice on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, and Fatty Liver in Mice.cited 27× |
| high fat diet | Increases - led to | obesity and dyslipidaemia | Animal | Adult healthy female wistar rats | 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg. | Hypolipidaemic Effects of Gymnema sylvestre on High Fat Diet Induced Dyslipidaemia in Wistar Rats.cited 4× |
| high-fat diet | Increases - was able to induce | obesity and glucose intolerance | Animal | Male Swiss mice | Not specified | A low-carbohydrate diet with different fatty acids' sources in the treatment of obesity: Impact on insulin resistance and adipogenesis.cited 8× |
| high fat diet | Increases - resulted in | obesity-related changes in anthropometrical parameters | Animal | male Wistar rats | — | Countering adipose tissue dysfunction could underlie the superiority of telmisartan in the treatment of obesity-related hypertension. |
| Very low-calorie ketogenic diet | Decreases - has a well-established role in the treatment of | obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus | Human | — | Not specified | Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) as Pre-Operative First-Line Dietary Therapy in Patients with Obesity Who Are Candidates for Bariatric Surgery.cited 19× |
| combined approach of hypocaloric diet and high protein intake | Decreases - may be necessary for managing | both obesity and sarcopenia | Human | older individuals | Not specified | The Implication of Nutrition on the Prevention and Improvement of Age-Related Sarcopenic Obesity: A Systematic Review.cited 7× |
| a diet high in fiber | Decreases - alleviating | obesity-induced chronic inflammation | Human | human and animal studies | Not specified | The interplay between fiber and the intestinal microbiome in the inflammatory response.cited 111× |
| long-term high-fat diet loading | Increases - can induce | obesity and insulin resistance | Animal | C57BL/6J mice | Not specified | Lessons from mouse models of high-fat diet-induced NAFLD.cited 138× |
| weight loss achieved through diet and physical activity | Decreases - reduced | risk factors linked to other chronic conditions including obesity-driven cancers and cardiovascular disease | Human | overweight individuals with prediabetes | Not specified | The 24-month metabolic benefits of the healthy living partnerships to prevent diabetes: A community-based translational study.cited 15× |
| Diet and lifestyle modifications | No effect - have shown a limited impact | treatment of obesity | Human | — | Not mentioned | The Impact and Effectiveness of Weight Loss on Kidney Transplant Outcomes: A Narrative Review.cited 3× |
| a medium-high protein diet (0,8-1,2 g/kg) | No effect - may be possible using | Treatment of overweight and obesity | Human | — | 0.8-1.2 g/kg body weight. | Challenging energy balance - during sensitivity to food reward and modulatory factors implying a risk for overweight - during body weight management including dietary restraint and medium-high protein diets.cited 7× |
| Western-style diet | Increases - is the major contributor to the development of | obesity-related diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease | Human | — | Not specified | The Western-style diet: a major risk factor for impaired kidney function and chronic kidney disease.cited 173× |
| Healthy diet and correct lifestyle | No effect - play crucial role | treatment of obesity and prevention of BC | Human | — | Not specified | The Role of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in the Control of Obesity and Metabolic Derangements in Breast Cancer.cited 17× |
| shift in dietary pattern from high-fibre diet to low-fibre, and high-calorie diet | Increases - contributing to the risk | obesity | Human | Pakistani women | Not mentioned | Socio-economic, environmental and demographic determinants of rise in obesity among Pakistani women: A Systematic Review.cited 13× |
| Traditional Brazilian Diet | Increases - have been associated with better women's health outcomes | prevention and treatment of obesity | Human | women | Not specified | Which Diets Are Effective in Reducing Cardiovascular and Cancer Risk in Women with Obesity? An Integrative Review.cited 6× |
| Mediterranean (MED) diet | Increases - have been associated with better women's health outcomes | prevention and treatment of obesity | Human | women | Not specified | Which Diets Are Effective in Reducing Cardiovascular and Cancer Risk in Women with Obesity? An Integrative Review.cited 6× |
| high-fat diet and received inulin | Decreases - showed signs of impaired | learning and memory caused by obesity | Animal | animals | Not specified | The impact of high-fat diet consumption and inulin fiber supplementation on anxiety-related behaviors and liver oxidative status in female Wistar rats.cited 1× |
| High-fat diet (HFD) intake | Increases - can cause | overweight and obesity | Human | global public | Not specified | Could parental high-fat intake program the reproductive health of male offspring? A review.cited 7× |
| Lifestyle interventions such as diet and exercise | No effect - largely ineffective | obesity | Human | — | Not mentioned | Are peptide conjugates the golden therapy against obesity?cited 16× |
| combination of a hypocaloric diet with increased protein intake | No effect - requires | sarcopenic obesity | Human | patients with diabetes and sarcopenia | Not specified | Nutrition of aging people with diabetes mellitus: Focus on sarcopenia.cited 3× |
| controlling diet | Decreases - included in recommended interventions | childhood obesity | Human | children with obesity | Not specified | Management for children and adolescents with overweight and obesity: a recommendations mapping.cited 4× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with almonds | No effect - protective effect on | obesity-related white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction | Human | 38 women with obesity | Not specified (Mediterranean diet supplemented with almonds). | Positive Effects of a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Almonds on Female Adipose Tissue Biology in Severe Obesity.cited 9× |
| including antioxidants-rich foods such as vegetables and fruits in the diet | Decreases - beneficial effects | risk of obesity associated colorectal cancer | Human | — | Not specified | A Review on Dietary Intervention in Obesity Associated Colon Cancer.cited 29× |
| diet | Decreases - can be controlled with | obesity | Human | adolescents | Not specified | Adolescent obesity treatments: news, views, and evidence.cited 4× |
| Diet | Decreases - are potential strategies to reverse | the cancer-promoting effects of obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Targeting obesity-related dysfunction in hormonally driven cancers.cited 32× |
| typical Western diet containing high amounts of fat, sugar, and calories | Increases - is responsible for | several diseases like metabolic syndrome and obesity | Human | — | Not specified | The Recommendation of the Mediterranean-styled Japanese Diet for Healthy Longevity.cited 3× |
| Sedentary lifestyle and weight gain caused by consumption of a high-fat diet | Increases - contribute to the development of | obesity | HumanAnimal | individuals | Not specified | Periodontal innate immune mechanisms relevant to obesity.cited 17× |
| A high-fat diet | Increases - may induce | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Influence of diet on gut microbiota, inflammation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. First experience with macrobiotic Ma-Pi 2 diet.cited 50× |
| Promoting a healthy diet | Decreases - can prevent | childhood obesity | Human | children | Not specified | Childhood Obesity: An Updated Review.cited 31× |
| low-glycemic-index diet | Decreases | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Obesity management in the Saudi population.cited 5× |
| high-protein diet | Decreases | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Obesity management in the Saudi population.cited 5× |
| low-fat diet | Decreases | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Obesity management in the Saudi population.cited 5× |
| low-calorie diet | Decreases | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Obesity management in the Saudi population.cited 5× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Obesity management in the Saudi population.cited 5× |
| low-glycemic-index (LGI) diet | Decreases - may be useful for diminishing | the adverse cardiovascular effects of obesity | Human | — | Ad libitum consumption (no specific dosage mentioned). | A low-glycemic-index diet reduces plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, but not tissue inhibitor of proteinases-1 or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein, in overweight women.cited 30× |
| Western diet | Increases - is associated | metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes | Animal | — | Not specified | Effects of dietary fat manipulation on cognition in mice and rats: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 2× |
| western diet | Increases - induced | obesity | Animal | C57BL/6J (WT) mice | Not specified | Lymphatic Valve Dysfunction in Western Diet-Fed Mice: New Insights Into Obesity-Induced Lymphedema.cited 12× |
| Western diet (WD) | Increases - significantly induced | obesity and atherosclerotic syndrome | Animal | ApoEKO mice | Not specified (Western diet composition not detailed). | Endurance exercise ameliorates Western diet-induced atherosclerosis through modulation of microbiota and its metabolites.cited 21× |
| Lifestyle interventions including diet and exercise | Decreases - have been used as therapeutic approaches for short-term management | obesity | Human | women with PCOS | Not specified | Weight management strategies for patients with PCOS: current perspectives.cited 13× |
| HFHC diet | Increases - developed obesity to a similar degree | obesity | Animal | C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice | Not specified. | Dissociation of hepatic insulin resistance from susceptibility of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet in mice.cited 31× |
| Acha diet | Decreases - reversed | obesity-induced increase in heart cholesterol and phospholipids | Animal | obese rats | — | Effects of fibre-enriched diets on tissue lipid profiles of MSG obese rats. |
| high saturated fat diet | Increases - induces | obesity | Animal | wild-type and PDHK4 knockout mice | Not specified (high saturated fat diet) | Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 (PDHK4) deficiency attenuates the long-term negative effects of a high-saturated fat diet.cited 55× |
| high saturated fat diet (HFD) | Increases - caused | obesity | Animal | male adult offspring | 50 mg/kg twice a day for 3 weeks. | Whether AICAR in Pregnancy or Lactation Prevents Hypertension Programmed by High Saturated Fat Diet: A Pilot Study.cited 17× |
| high-protein diet (HPD, 34.3% protein) | Decreases - restored | high-sucrose-induced obesity | Animal | high-sucrose-fed rats | 34.3% protein in diet. | Long-term high-protein diet intake reverts weight gain and attenuates metabolic dysfunction on high-sucrose-fed adult rats.cited 22× |
| high-sucrose diet (HSD, 25% sucrose) | Increases - characterized by | central obesity | Animal | post-weaning male Wistar rats | 34.3% protein in diet. | Long-term high-protein diet intake reverts weight gain and attenuates metabolic dysfunction on high-sucrose-fed adult rats.cited 22× |
| A poor-quality diet | Increases - is often associated with | obesity | Human | — | Not available | Pregnant Women Living with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Dietary Quality and Pregnancy Outcomes.cited 14× |
| lifestyle modifications and diet | No effect - are usually insufficient in the long-term | morbid obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and obesity: pathogenesis and response to treatment.cited 24× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Increases - gained recognition as a medical nutrition therapy | metabolic conditions, including obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) | Human | — | Not specified | Ketone Bodies in Diabetes Mellitus: Friend or Foe?cited 9× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Decreases - generally promising | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Ketogenic Diets and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases.cited 16× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Decreases - promising strategy to treat | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Ketogenic Diets and Exercise Performance.cited 43× |
| ketogenic diet | No effect - promising therapeutic potential | various diseases, besides epilepsy, from obesity to malignancies | Human | — | Not specified | Ketogenic diet for human diseases: the underlying mechanisms and potential for clinical implementations.cited 190× |
| a LP diet supplemented with RML | Decreases - decreased expression | fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) | Molecular | lambs | Not specified (dietary CP levels: 14.5% for NP, 12.5% for LP, and LP + RML). | Lipid metabolism and m6A RNA methylation are altered in lambs supplemented rumen-protected methionine and lysine in a low-protein diet.cited 9× |
| combination of CR diet with RK | Decreases - was more effective than CR diet with orlistate in abrogating | neurodegenerative changes induced by obesity | Animal | — | 44 mg/kg body weight, administered daily via oral gavage. | Raspberry ketone preserved cholinergic activity and antioxidant defense in obesity induced Alzheimer disease in rats.cited 22× |
| gluten-free diet (GFD) | Increases - increased | obesity | Human | patients with celiac disease (CD) | Not specified | Metabolic effects in patients with celiac disease, patients with nonceliac gluten sensitivity, and asymptomatic controls, after six months of a gluten-free diet.cited 13× |
| gluten-free diet (GFD) | Increases - increased | obesity | Human | patients with nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) | Not specified | Metabolic effects in patients with celiac disease, patients with nonceliac gluten sensitivity, and asymptomatic controls, after six months of a gluten-free diet.cited 13× |
| gluten-free diet (GFD) | Decreases - decreased | obesity | Human | asymptomatic controls (ACs) | Not specified | Metabolic effects in patients with celiac disease, patients with nonceliac gluten sensitivity, and asymptomatic controls, after six months of a gluten-free diet.cited 13× |
| gluten-free diet | Increases - people with CeD are affected by higher rates of overweight and obesity | rates of overweight and obesity | Human | people with CeD | Not Assessed | Nutrition Assessment and Management in Celiac Disease.cited 14× |
| low-fat diet (LFD) | Decreases - reversed | obesity-induced alterations in serum insulin, leptin and inflammatory factors | Animal | Lkb1fl/flp53fl/fl mice | Not specified | Intermittent energy restriction inhibits tumor growth and enhances paclitaxel response in a transgenic mouse model of endometrial cancer.cited 1× |
| maternal high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - predispose | obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions | Animal | offspring | 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg of zingerone. | Zingerone mitigates metabolic dysfunction and alters pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression in offspring of high-fat diet-fed pregnant wistar rats. |
| higher scores, that is, better adherence to nutritional guidelines or to a Mediterranean diet | No effect - These associations were weaker or not statistically significant | weight gain and obesity risk | Human | women | Not specified | Association between dietary scores and 13-year weight change and obesity risk in a French prospective cohort.cited 65× |
| increased consumption of simple sugars and high-fat food brought about by Western-style diet and physical inactivity | Increases - are leading causes of | the growing obesity epidemic | Human | Western society | Not specified | Western-style diet, sex steroids and metabolism.cited 59× |
| vegan diet | Decreases - were less often | obesity | Human | vegan children | Not specified | Nutrient status and growth in vegan children.cited 33× |
| Mediterranean, gluten-free, or low-calorie diet | Decreases - may be positively influenced | obesity | Human | pediatric psoriasis | Not specified | The Role of Diet in Children with Psoriasis: Emerging Evidence and Current Issues.cited 3× |
| a diet rich in non-digestible but fermentable carbohydrates | Decreases - contributes to the alleviation | metabolic deteriorations in obesity | Animal | — | Not specified | Dietary Modulation of Gut Microbiota Contributes to Alleviation of Both Genetic and Simple Obesity in Children.cited 272× |
| exposure to a high-calorie diet | Increases - predisposes | obesity | Human | individuals | Not specified | Bacteria, viruses, and hypothalamic inflammation: potential new players in obesity.cited 3× |
| nutritional ketosis synergistically with body-weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) | Decreases - has proven to be effective in improving | obesity-related pathophysiology | Human | — | Not specified | A very-low-calorie ketogenic diet normalises obesity-related enhanced levels of erythropoietin compared with a low-calorie diet or bariatric surgery.cited 3× |
| CMP diet intervention | Decreases - significantly reduce | HFD-induced obesity | Animal | mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet | Not specified. | Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides modulate gut microbiota and improve metabolic disorders in mice with diet-induced obesity.cited 14× |
| higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) diet | Increases - was associated with | central obesity | Human | American adults | Not specified (DII calculated using 27 dietary components from 24-hour dietary recall) | Anti-inflammatory diet reduces risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among US adults: a nationwide survey. |
| cafeteria diet (CD) feeding | Increases - induced | obesity | Animal | spontaneously hypertensive rats | — | Chronic blockade of angiotensin AT₁ receptors improves cardinal symptoms of metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obesity in rats. |
| high-protein diet enriched with β-hydroxy-βmethylbutirate, calcium and vitamin D | No effect - assess | prevalence of obesity | Human | patients who have undergone an operation for a traumatic hip fracture and who are aged 65 or above | Not specified | Study protocol: High-protein nutritional intervention based on β-hydroxy-β-methylbutirate, vitamin D3 and calcium on obese and lean aged patients with hip fractures and sarcopenia. The HIPERPROT-GER study.cited 8× |
| controlled diet | No effect - could have limitations | anti-obesity approach | Human | — | Not available | Exercise and High-Fat Diet in Obesity: Functional Genomics Perspectives of Two Energy Homeostasis Pillars.cited 22× |
| decrease in physical activity and consumption of a high fat diet | Increases - significantly contribute to | obesity | Human | postmenopausal women | Not specified | The role of ovarian sex steroids in metabolic homeostasis, obesity, and postmenopausal breast cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.cited 40× |
| diet regulation | Decreases - are the primary treatment strategies | obesity | Human | — | Not Assessed | Thoracic Imaging After Bariatric Surgery.cited 3× |
| a diet high in n3 PUFAs | Decreases - may be recommended for | hypoadiponectinemia, type 2 diabetes, and obesity risk | Human | older individuals, especially those of the +45 TT genotype | 0.45, 0.9, and 1.8 g/d of 20:5n3 and 22:6n3 (1.51:1 ratio). | Adiponectin gene variant interacts with fish oil supplementation to influence serum adiponectin in older individuals.cited 34× |
| high-fat diet feeding | No effect - were linked to | phenotypes of the obesity-prone and obesity-resistant mice | Animal | male C57BL/6J mice | Not specified | Distinct Gut Microbiota and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Obesity-Prone and Obesity-Resistant Mice with a High-Fat Diet.cited 3× |
| high-fat diet feeding | No effect - exhibited strong correlations | significantly altered bacteria and obesity-related parameters, as well as AA metabolites | Animal | obesity-prone and obesity-resistant male C57BL/6J mice | Not specified | Distinct Gut Microbiota and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Obesity-Prone and Obesity-Resistant Mice with a High-Fat Diet.cited 3× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - appears to be more effective in improving | obesity biomarkers | Human | obese adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | Not specified | The effect of DASH diet on atherogenic indices, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, and liver steatosis in obese adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial.cited 6× |
| high-fat diet (HFD) for 17 weeks | Increases - leads to | obesity and hepatic dyslipidaemia | Animal | Adult, male C57BL/6 mice | High-fat diet (unspecified composition) for 17 weeks; STZ (200-350 mg/kg) infused over 14 days | Controlled induction of type 2 diabetes in mice using high fat diet and osmotic-mini pump infused streptozotocin. |
| Lifestyle interventions comprising diet modification, physical activity, and behavior therapy | Decreases - are foundational to the management | obesity | Human | individual patient | Not specified | Treatment of obesity in 2015.cited 32× |
| plant-based diet | No effect - analysed the effects | obesity and overall cardiorespiratory fitness | Human | — | Not mentioned. | Obesity and cardiovascular health.cited 39× |
| diet low in saturated fat and rich in complex carbohydrates | Decreases - support the consumption as a potential dietary intervention for the treatment of obesity | obesity | Animal | — | 60% cocoa butter (high-fat diet), 85% cocoa butter (ketogenic diet), 10% cocoa butter (low-fat diet) | An isoproteic cocoa butter-based ketogenic diet fails to improve glucose homeostasis and promote weight loss in obese mice.cited 6× |
| diet low in saturated fat and rich in complex carbohydrates | Decreases - support the consumption as a potential dietary intervention for the treatment of obesity-induced impairments in glycemia | obesity-induced impairments in glycemia | Animal | — | 60% cocoa butter (high-fat diet), 85% cocoa butter (ketogenic diet), 10% cocoa butter (low-fat diet) | An isoproteic cocoa butter-based ketogenic diet fails to improve glucose homeostasis and promote weight loss in obese mice.cited 6× |
| combining diet and exercise | Decreases - specific antiobesity therapy | obesity | Human | obese asthma patient | Not specified | Obesity and Asthma: Key Clinical Questions.cited 21× |
| Typical calorie-based exercise and diet interventions | Decreases - failed to reduce | prevalence of unhealthy obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Are Interventions Useful?cited 13× |
| inclusion of nuts in the diet | Decreases - associated with a decreased risk | visceral obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Cognition: the new frontier for nuts and berries.cited 47× |
| healthy diet | Decreases - reversing | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Healthy diet intervention reverses the progression of NASH through gut microbiota modulation.cited 3× |
| Mediterranean diet (MD) | Decreases - reversed | negative effects of obesity | Human | people with obesity | Not specified for dairy. | Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence?cited 88× |
| Mediterranean diet (MD) | Decreases - proves to be the healthiest dietary pattern available to tackle | obesity | Human | — | Not specified for dairy. | Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence?cited 88× |
| Mediterranean diet | Decreases - is associated with lower prevalence | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Extra-virgin olive oil for potential prevention of Alzheimer disease.cited 42× |
| inadequately balanced gluten-free diet | Increases - can increase the risk | obesity | Human | patients with celiac disease | Not Assessed | Multidimensional Disadvantages of a Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease: A Narrative Review.cited 23× |
| a GF diet | Decreases - linked to reduced | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Possible Prevention of Diabetes with a Gluten-Free Diet.cited 29× |
| lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise | No effect - are often not enough to control | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Hypertension Related to Obesity: Pathogenesis, Characteristics and Factors for Control. |
| lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise | No effect - are often not enough to control | obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Hypertension Related to Obesity: Pathogenesis, Characteristics and Factors for Control. |
| high-saturated fat/low-sugar diet | Decreases - protects | diet-induced obesity | Animal | mice with impaired mitochondrial metabolism | — | Opposing effects of dietary sugar and saturated fat on cardiovascular risk factors and glucose metabolism in mitochondrially impaired mice. |
| MIND diet | Decreases - were 19% less likely | abdominal obesity | Human | women with the greatest adherence to the MIND diet | Not specified | Association between adherence to MIND diet and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study.cited 27× |
| MIND diet | No effect - association disappeared | abdominal obesity | Human | women | Not specified | Association between adherence to MIND diet and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study.cited 27× |
| MIND diet | No effect - no significant association | odds of abdominal obesity | Human | whole study population | Not specified | Association between adherence to MIND diet and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study.cited 27× |
| MIND diet | No effect - No significant association was observed | odds of general and central obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Association between adherence to MIND diet and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study.cited 27× |
| MIND diet | No effect - no significant association | odds of general obesity | Human | whole study population | Not specified | Association between adherence to MIND diet and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study.cited 27× |
| MIND diet | No effect - no significant association | odds of general obesity | Human | whole study population | Not specified | Association between adherence to MIND diet and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study.cited 27× |
| MIND diet | No effect - no significant association | odds of general obesity | Human | men and women when analyzed separately | Not specified | Association between adherence to MIND diet and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study.cited 27× |
| MIND diet | Decreases - significant inverse association | general obesity | Human | Iranian adults | Not specified | Associations between adherence to MIND diet and metabolic syndrome and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study.cited 33× |
| MIND diet | Decreases - associated with the decrease odds of | general obesity | Human | Kurdish adults between the ages of 39 and 53 | Not specified | Associations between adherence to MIND diet and general obesity and lipid profile: A cross-sectional study.cited 15× |
| targeting lifestyle through healthy diet and exercise | Decreases - should be the first treatment option that will affect | obesity-related dysmetabolic state and vitamin D deficiency | Human | obese people | Not specified | Vitamin D Deficiency: Consequence or Cause of Obesity?cited 190× |
| gluten-free casein-free ketogenic diet | Decreases - resolution | morbid obesity | Human | a child with autism and epilepsy | Not specified (dietary intervention). | Autism and dietary therapy: case report and review of the literature.cited 73× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Decreases - reduced | abdominal obesity | Human | men | Not specified (LCD score calculated based on deciles of energy percentages from macronutrients). | The association between low-carbohydrate diet score and metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults.cited 11× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Decreases - lowered | indices of central obesity | Human | youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) | 50-80 g carbohydrate/day. | The Impact of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Micronutrient Intake and Status in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.cited 9× |
| low carbohydrate diet | No effect - became a popular obesity therapy | obesity | Human | — | Not specified. | Low Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets: What We Don't Know and Why we Should Know It.cited 45× |
| Low carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Decreases - can improve | obesity | Human | overweight and obese women | Not specified. | Circulating inflammatory markers may mediate the relationship between low carbohydrate diet and circadian rhythm in overweight and obese women.cited 9× |
| fructose (60%) enriched diet | Increases - exhibited | abdominal obesity | Animal | rats | 200 mg/kg body weight. | Fennel seeds extract prevents fructose-induced cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of metabolic syndrome via targeting abdominal obesity, hyperuricemia and NF-κβ inflammatory pathway.cited 1× |
| Cafeteria diet (CD) | Increases - leads to the development of | childhood obesity | Animal | — | 10, 20, 40 mg/kg | Pterostilbene alleviates cafeteria diet-induced obesity and underlying depression in adolescent male Swiss albino mice and affects insulin resistance, inflammation, HPA axis dysfunction and SIRT1 mediated leptin-ghrelin signaling.cited 4× |
| Chronic intake of high sucrose (HS) diet | Increases - exacerbates | high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic complications | HumanAnimalMolecular | — | Equivalent to 0.03% of EA from raspberry seed flour. | Raspberry seed flour attenuates high-sucrose diet-mediated hepatic stress and adipose tissue inflammation.cited 37× |