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Evidence suggests Creatine mayincreaseStrength.
90 studies (139 claims)
Moderate consensus
Typical effective dose 18000 (14500–20000) mgacross 4 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Creatine supplementation before resistance training (CR-B) | Increases - increased | muscle strength (leg press) | Human | older adults (50-71 years) | 0.1 g/kg cornstarch maltodextrin (placebo) administered immediately before or after resistance training. | Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 60× |
| Creatine supplementation before resistance training (CR-B) | Increases - increased | muscle strength (chest press) | Human | older adults (50-71 years) | 0.1 g/kg cornstarch maltodextrin (placebo) administered immediately before or after resistance training. | Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 60× |
| Creatine supplementation, independent of the timing of ingestion | Increases - increased | muscle strength | Human | older adults (50-71 years) | 0.1 g/kg cornstarch maltodextrin (placebo) administered immediately before or after resistance training. | Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 60× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - improves | muscle strength | Human | null | 0.1 g/kg cornstarch maltodextrin (placebo) administered immediately before or after resistance training. | Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 60× |
| Creatine supplementation in close proximity to resistance training | Increases - may be an important strategy for increasing | muscle mass and strength | Human | null | 0.1 g/kg cornstarch maltodextrin (placebo) administered immediately before or after resistance training. | Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 60× |
| Creatine supplementation after resistance training (CR-A) | Increases - increased | muscle strength (leg press) | Human | older adults (50-71 years) | 0.1 g/kg cornstarch maltodextrin (placebo) administered immediately before or after resistance training. | Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 60× |
| Creatine supplementation after resistance training (CR-A) | Increases - increased | muscle strength (chest press) | Human | older adults (50-71 years) | 0.1 g/kg cornstarch maltodextrin (placebo) administered immediately before or after resistance training. | Strategic creatine supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 60× |
| creatine (Cr) supplementation during a supervised resistance training program | Increases - increased relative bench press strength more than Pl | relative bench press strength | Human | postmenopausal women | 0.1 g/kg/day of creatine. | Effects of Creatine and Resistance Training on Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women.cited 51× |
| creatine (CRE) loading in combination with coffee (COF) | Increases - were improved | strength measures | Human | physically active males | 300 mg/day of caffeine anhydrous or 8.9 g/day of coffee (yielding 303 mg of caffeine). | Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Anhydrous Intake During Creatine Loading.cited 10× |
| creatine (CRE) loading in combination with coffee (COF) | No effect - no significant time × treatment interactions | strength measures | Human | physically active males | 300 mg/day of caffeine anhydrous or 8.9 g/day of coffee (yielding 303 mg of caffeine). | Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Anhydrous Intake During Creatine Loading.cited 10× |
| creatine (CRE) loading | Increases - were improved | strength measures | Human | physically active males | 300 mg/day of caffeine anhydrous or 8.9 g/day of coffee (yielding 303 mg of caffeine). | Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Anhydrous Intake During Creatine Loading.cited 10× |
| creatine (CRE) loading | No effect - no significant time × treatment interactions | strength measures | Human | physically active males | 300 mg/day of caffeine anhydrous or 8.9 g/day of coffee (yielding 303 mg of caffeine). | Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Anhydrous Intake During Creatine Loading.cited 10× |
| creatine (CRE) loading in combination with caffeine anhydrous (CAF) | Increases - were improved | strength measures | Human | physically active males | 300 mg/day of caffeine anhydrous or 8.9 g/day of coffee (yielding 303 mg of caffeine). | Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Anhydrous Intake During Creatine Loading.cited 10× |
| creatine (CRE) loading in combination with caffeine anhydrous (CAF) | No effect - no significant time × treatment interactions | strength measures | Human | physically active males | 300 mg/day of caffeine anhydrous or 8.9 g/day of coffee (yielding 303 mg of caffeine). | Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Anhydrous Intake During Creatine Loading.cited 10× |
| creatine ingestion strategies | No effect - no differences between | relative strength | Human | recreationally active participants | 0.1 g/kg of body mass of creatine monohydrate. | Timing of creatine supplementation does not influence gains in unilateral muscle hypertrophy or strength from resistance training in young adults: a within-subject design.cited 6× |
| creatine ingestion strategies | No effect - no differences between | strength | Human | recreationally active participants | 0.1 g/kg of body mass of creatine monohydrate. | Timing of creatine supplementation does not influence gains in unilateral muscle hypertrophy or strength from resistance training in young adults: a within-subject design.cited 6× |
| creatine supplementation in close proximity to resistance training sessions | Increases - may be an important strategy to augment | strength | Human | — | 0.1 g/kg of body mass of creatine monohydrate. | Timing of creatine supplementation does not influence gains in unilateral muscle hypertrophy or strength from resistance training in young adults: a within-subject design.cited 6× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - There was a significant increase over time for | relative strength | Human | recreationally active participants | 0.1 g/kg of body mass of creatine monohydrate. | Timing of creatine supplementation does not influence gains in unilateral muscle hypertrophy or strength from resistance training in young adults: a within-subject design.cited 6× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - There was a significant increase over time for | strength | Human | recreationally active participants | 0.1 g/kg of body mass of creatine monohydrate. | Timing of creatine supplementation does not influence gains in unilateral muscle hypertrophy or strength from resistance training in young adults: a within-subject design.cited 6× |
| creatine supplementation immediately before unilateral resistance training | Increases - produces similar gains | strength | Human | young adults | 0.1 g/kg of body mass of creatine monohydrate. | Timing of creatine supplementation does not influence gains in unilateral muscle hypertrophy or strength from resistance training in young adults: a within-subject design.cited 6× |
| creatine supplementation immediately after unilateral resistance training | Increases - produces similar gains | strength | Human | young adults | 0.1 g/kg of body mass of creatine monohydrate. | Timing of creatine supplementation does not influence gains in unilateral muscle hypertrophy or strength from resistance training in young adults: a within-subject design.cited 6× |
| creatine monohydrate supplementation and resistance training | Increases - improves | upper- and lower-body muscle strength | Human | older adults | Not specified | Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Muscle, Bone and Brain- Hope or Hype for Older Adults?cited 3× |
| Resistance training supplemented with creatine and/or protein | Increases - increased | strength | Human | men aged 48-72 years | 5g creatine daily (RTCr, RTCrPr) and/or 35g whey protein daily (RTPr, RTCrPr) | The effects of supplementation with creatine and protein on muscle strength following a traditional resistance training program in middle-aged and older men.cited 78× |
| creatine and/or protein supplementation | No effect - no additional benefits | strength gains | Human | middle-aged and older men | 5g creatine daily (RTCr, RTCrPr) and/or 35g whey protein daily (RTPr, RTCrPr) | The effects of supplementation with creatine and protein on muscle strength following a traditional resistance training program in middle-aged and older men.cited 78× |
| Creatine loading | Decreases - does not prevent or attenuate the loss of | muscle mass or strength | Human | healthy young men | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine Loading Does Not Preserve Muscle Mass or Strength During Leg Immobilization in Healthy, Young Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 40× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - can be used to augment gains in | muscle mass and strength | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine Loading Does Not Preserve Muscle Mass or Strength During Leg Immobilization in Healthy, Young Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 40× |
| Creatine supplementation | Decreases - does not prevent or attenuate the loss of | muscle mass or strength | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine Loading Does Not Preserve Muscle Mass or Strength During Leg Immobilization in Healthy, Young Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 40× |
| creatine supplementation and resistance training | Increases - has a positive effect on | aging muscle mass and upper body strength | Human | — | Not specified | Creatine supplementation and aging musculoskeletal health.cited 67× |
| creatine supplementation combined with resistance training | Increases - significantly increased | upper-body muscle strength | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training on Muscle Strength Gains in Adults <50 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 3× |
| Creatine-High (0.3 g/kg/day of creatine + 0.1 g/kg/day of maltodextrin) | Increases - significant increase over time | muscle strength (1-repetition maximum leg press) | Human | participants | 0.1 g/kg/day, 0.3 g/kg/day, and 0.4 g/kg/day of maltodextrin | Effect of Creatine Supplementation Dosing Strategies on Aging Muscle Performance.cited 14× |
| Creatine-High (0.3 g/kg/day of creatine + 0.1 g/kg/day of maltodextrin) | Increases - significant increase over time | muscle strength (1-repetition maximum chest press) | Human | participants | 0.1 g/kg/day, 0.3 g/kg/day, and 0.4 g/kg/day of maltodextrin | Effect of Creatine Supplementation Dosing Strategies on Aging Muscle Performance.cited 14× |
| Creatine-Moderate (0.1 g/kg/day of creatine + 0.3 g/kg/day of maltodextrin) | Increases - significant increase over time | muscle strength (1-repetition maximum leg press) | Human | participants | 0.1 g/kg/day, 0.3 g/kg/day, and 0.4 g/kg/day of maltodextrin | Effect of Creatine Supplementation Dosing Strategies on Aging Muscle Performance.cited 14× |
| Creatine-Moderate (0.1 g/kg/day of creatine + 0.3 g/kg/day of maltodextrin) | Increases - significant increase over time | muscle strength (1-repetition maximum chest press) | Human | participants | 0.1 g/kg/day, 0.3 g/kg/day, and 0.4 g/kg/day of maltodextrin | Effect of Creatine Supplementation Dosing Strategies on Aging Muscle Performance.cited 14× |
| low-dose creatine supplementation | No effect - no significant differences | maximal strength | Human | healthy men and women | 0.03 g/kg/day (≈2.3 g/day). | Low-dose creatine supplementation enhances fatigue resistance in the absence of weight gain.cited 27× |
| creatine-loading followed by lower-dose creatine (≤5 g/day) | Increases - increased | chest press strength | Human | — | Lower dose: ≤5 g/day; higher dose: >5 g/day; loading phase: ≥20 g/day for 5-7 days | Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults.cited 41× |
| creatine supplementation only on resistance training days | Increases - significantly increased | measures of lean tissue mass and strength | Human | — | Lower dose: ≤5 g/day; higher dose: >5 g/day; loading phase: ≥20 g/day for 5-7 days | Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults.cited 41× |
| Creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training (RT) | Increases - augments gains | lean tissue mass and strength | Human | aging adults | Lower dose: ≤5 g/day; higher dose: >5 g/day; loading phase: ≥20 g/day for 5-7 days | Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults.cited 41× |
| creatine | No effect - had no greater effect | chest press or leg press strength | Human | — | Lower dose: ≤5 g/day; higher dose: >5 g/day; loading phase: ≥20 g/day for 5-7 days | Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults.cited 41× |
| creatine (independent of dosing strategy) | Increases - augments | lean tissue mass and strength increase from RT | Human | — | Lower dose: ≤5 g/day; higher dose: >5 g/day; loading phase: ≥20 g/day for 5-7 days | Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults.cited 41× |
| Higher-dose creatine (>5 g/day), with and without a creatine-loading phase | Increases - produced significant gains | leg press strength | Human | — | Lower dose: ≤5 g/day; higher dose: >5 g/day; loading phase: ≥20 g/day for 5-7 days | Meta-Analysis Examining the Importance of Creatine Ingestion Strategies on Lean Tissue Mass and Strength in Older Adults.cited 41× |
| resistance training (RT) alongside creatine-hydrochloride (Cr-HCl) or creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation | Increases - significantly increased | strength | Human | participants with an age range of 18-25 years | Cr-HCl (0.03 g/kg body mass), CrM-loading phase (0.3 g/kg for 5 days, then 0.03 g/kg for 51 days), CrM-without loading phase (0.03 g/kg). | Supplementing With Which Form of Creatine (Hydrochloride or Monohydrate) Alongside Resistance Training Can Have More Impacts on Anabolic/Catabolic Hormones, Strength and Body Composition? |
| whey proteins are consumed within a multi-ingredient containing creatine | Increases - enhancement effect seems to be more evident | lean body mass or fat-free mass gain and strength improvement | Human | resistance-training individuals | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of Whey Protein Alone or as Part of a Multi-ingredient Formulation on Strength, Fat-Free Mass, or Lean Body Mass in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Meta-analysis.cited 57× |
| creatine monohydrate (CrM) consumption post-exercise | No effect - does not provide greater enhancement | muscle strength | Human | middle to older males | Initial loading phase: 20 g/day CrM + 5 g/day CHO for 7 days; maintenance: ~8.8 g CrM + 5 g CHO on training days. | Creatine supplementation post-exercise does not enhance training-induced adaptations in middle to older aged males.cited 23× |
| creatine monohydrate | Increases - improved measures of muscle strength and post-exercise lactate | muscle strength and post-exercise lactate | Human | participants in one trial | High-dose (specific amount not mentioned in the abstract). | Treatment for mitochondrial disorders.cited 271× |
| combination of coenzyme Q10, creatine monohydrate, and lipoic acid | Increases - statistically significant improvement in biochemical markers and peak ankle dorsiflexion strength | biochemical markers and peak ankle dorsiflexion strength | Human | 16 participants | High-dose (specific amount not mentioned in the abstract). | Treatment for mitochondrial disorders.cited 271× |
| creatine monohydrate | Increases - studied benefits | muscular strength and endurance | Human | athletes | Not specified | Creatine Monohydrate as an Effective Supplement for Muscular Fatigue in an Ehlers-Danlos Patient. |
| long-term creatine supplementation combined with resistance training | Increases - were more efficient in performing | submaximal-strength functional tests | Human | older women | 5.0 g day(-1) | Long-term creatine supplementation improves muscular performance during resistance training in older women.cited 64× |
| creatine (CR) supplementation | Decreases - may be counteracted | acute interference effect on strength performance observed in concurrent exercise | Human | recreationally strength-trained men | Not specified (used as placebo) | Creatine supplementation prevents acute strength loss induced by concurrent exercise.cited 18× |
| creatine (CR) supplementation | No effect - was able to maintain | leg-press strength endurance (SE) performance | Human | recreationally strength-trained men | Not specified (used as placebo) | Creatine supplementation prevents acute strength loss induced by concurrent exercise.cited 18× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - has consistently been demonstrated to augment adaptations | body composition, muscle strength and physical function | Human | apparently healthy older adults and clinical populations | Not specified in the abstract. | Examining the effects of creatine supplementation in augmenting adaptations to resistance training in patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 13× |
| creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training | No effect - aims to examine the effects | body composition, muscle strength and physical function | Human | prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy | Not specified in the abstract. | Examining the effects of creatine supplementation in augmenting adaptations to resistance training in patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 13× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - increase | bone strength | Human | the elderly | Not specified | Creatine supplementation: can it improve quality of life in the elderly without associated resistance training?cited 22× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - improve | endurance and strength | Human | the elderly | Not specified | Creatine supplementation: can it improve quality of life in the elderly without associated resistance training?cited 22× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | hand-grip strength | Human | participants with ME/CFS | 16 g creatine monohydrate daily. | Six-Week Supplementation with Creatine in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Feasibility Study at 3 Tesla. |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - was higher | Handgrip strength endurance | Human | 14 healthy participants | Not specified for calcium lactate (used as placebo). | Can Creatine Combat the Mental Fatigue-associated Decrease in Visuomotor Skills?cited 41× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - improves | strength | Human | — | Not specified for calcium lactate (used as placebo). | Can Creatine Combat the Mental Fatigue-associated Decrease in Visuomotor Skills?cited 41× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - experienced a greater increase | leg press strength | Human | men supplementing with creatine | CR2: 0.15 g/kg creatine 2 days/week; CR3: 0.10 g/kg creatine 3 days/week. | Effect of different frequencies of creatine supplementation on muscle size and strength in young adults.cited 15× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - experienced increase | leg press strength | Human | women on creatine | CR2: 0.15 g/kg creatine 2 days/week; CR3: 0.10 g/kg creatine 3 days/week. | Effect of different frequencies of creatine supplementation on muscle size and strength in young adults.cited 15× |
| creatine supplementation | No effect - no additional effects of | LM, muscle strength and physical function | Human | patients with prostate cancer undergoing ADT | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine supplementation does not add to resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients under androgen deprivation therapy: A double-blind randomized trial. |
| resistance exercise + creatine (SUPP) | Increases - improvements in | muscle strength | Human | Men with prostate cancer receiving ADT | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine supplementation does not add to resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients under androgen deprivation therapy: A double-blind randomized trial. |
| creatine supplementation | No effect - no significant changing | maximal strength | Human | strength-trained men | 20g Creatine + 10g maltodextrin daily. | Short term creatine loading improves strength endurance even without changing maximal strength, RPE, fatigue index, blood lactate, and mode state. |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - performed more repetitions after the supplementation | strength endurance | Human | strength-trained men | 20g Creatine + 10g maltodextrin daily. | Short term creatine loading improves strength endurance even without changing maximal strength, RPE, fatigue index, blood lactate, and mode state. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Correction: Mahmoud et al. Neurotoxic Effect of Fipronil in Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effect of L-Arginine and L-Carnitine. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Pitavastatin: A Review in Hypercholesterolemia. |
| creatine supplementation | No effect - did not alter | muscle strength | Human | adult participants (≥18 years) | Not specified | The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Intervention Trials.cited 12× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Characterization of Collagen Peptides in Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu Aqueous Extract with Proliferative Activity on Osteoblasts Using Nano-Liquid Chromatography in Tandem with Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. |
| creatine supplementation | No effect - did not alter | muscle strength | Human | older woman | 4 x 5 g/d for 5 days followed by 5 g/d (same as creatine dosage) | Creatine supplementation associated or not with strength training upon emotional and cognitive measures in older women: a randomized double-blind study.cited 48× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Determination of collagen types and mineral contents in fish skin and collagen-containing skin-derived protein hydrolysates before and after |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | miR-145 targets the |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | The Diabetes Gene and Wnt Pathway Effector TCF7L2 Regulates Adipocyte Development and Function. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profile of the |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | MiR-23~27~24-mediated control of humoral immunity reveals a TOX-driven regulatory circuit in follicular helper T cell differentiation. |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Correction: Lipoprotein signatures of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and HMG-CoA reductase inhibition. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Primary Prevention of Cardiocerebrovascular Diseases and Related Deaths According to Statin Type. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Correction: Ameliorations in dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic plaque by the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and antioxidant potential of phytoconstituents of an aqueous seed extract of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd in rabbits. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Corrigendum: A retrospective, matched case-control study of recombinant LH versus hMG supplementation on FSH during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in the GnRH-antagonist protocol. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Effects of HMGCR deficiency on skeletal muscle development. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Cardioprotective effects of a 'twincretin' drug tirzepatide in heart failure following myocardial infarction. |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Too much TMAO and GVHD. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | The Yeast Permease Agp2 Senses Cycloheximide and Undergoes Degradation That Requires the Small Protein Brp1-Cellular Fate of Agp2 in Response to Cycloheximide. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Correction: Role of L-Carnitine supplementation on rate of weight gain and biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction in children with severe acute malnutrition: A protocol for a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - increased muscle strength (lat pull-down only) to a greater extent | muscle strength | Human | untrained aging males | 0.2 g/kg/day (placebo group) and 0.1 g/kg/day (creatine group). | Effect of creatine supplementation and drop-set resistance training in untrained aging adults.cited 36× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - improved | muscle strength | Human | untrained healthy aging males | Not mentioned. | Effects of high-velocity resistance training and creatine supplementation in untrained healthy aging males.cited 13× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | Human | Wistar rats | 30 minutes daily | A randomized controlled trial of the effects of brief mindfulness meditation on anxiety symptoms and systolic blood pressure in Chinese nursing students.cited 90× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Rootstock-Scion Interaction Affects Cadmium Accumulation and Tolerance of |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | GTPγS Binding Assay for Melatonin Receptors in Mouse Brain Tissue. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Quantitative |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Correction: The Adipocytokine Nampt and Its Product NMN Have No Effect on Beta-Cell Survival but Potentiate Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion. |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | Not mentioned. | No title availablecited 37× |
| creatine (CR) supplementation | No effect - effects | muscle strength | Human | Seventeen healthy males | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine supplementation combined with blood flow restriction training enhances muscle thickness and performance: a randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study.cited 3× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | The kidney and cardiovascular outcome trials. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Understanding the burden of weekly somatrogon injections compared with daily somatropin injections in children with growth hormone deficiency: a plain language summary of publication. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Corrigendum: Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Correction: Chavda et al. Tirzepatide, a New Era of Dual-Targeted Treatment for Diabetes and Obesity: A Mini-Review. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Correction: Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide for weight loss in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Reconstruction of Large Osteochondral Lesions in the Knee: Focus on Fixation Techniques. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Negative Printing for the Reinforcement of |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscle strength | HumanAnimal | Wistar rats | — | Binding of cholera toxin B subunit to intestinal epithelial cells. |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - may improve | muscle strength parameters | Human | individuals with spinal cord injury | Creatine (3g daily), vitamin D (25000 IU every two weeks). | Creatine or vitamin D supplementation in individuals with a spinal cord injury undergoing resistance training: A double-blinded, randomized pilot trial.cited 16× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | muscular strength | Human | vegetarian participants | Not specified | Benefits of Creatine Supplementation for Vegetarians Compared to Omnivorous Athletes: A Systematic Review.cited 36× |
| Creatine supplementation (Cr) | Increases - increased | muscular strength | Human | — | 0.07 g/kg/day | Creatine monohydrate supplementation during eight weeks of progressive resistance training increases strength in as little as two weeks without reducing markers of muscle damage.cited 6× |
| Creatine supplementation (Cr) | Increases - was significantly higher | Strength | Human | Young males | 0.07 g/kg/day | Creatine monohydrate supplementation during eight weeks of progressive resistance training increases strength in as little as two weeks without reducing markers of muscle damage.cited 6× |
| Creatine supplementation (Cr) | Increases - increases | strength during resistance training | Human | — | 0.07 g/kg/day | Creatine monohydrate supplementation during eight weeks of progressive resistance training increases strength in as little as two weeks without reducing markers of muscle damage.cited 6× |
| creatine supplementation | No effect - did not influence | strength | Human | older people during seven days of hospitalization for stroke | 10 g orally twice daily. | Influence of CReatine Supplementation on mUScle Mass and Strength After Stroke (ICaRUS Stroke Trial): A Randomized Controlled Trial. |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - benefits | strength | Human | young adults | 20 g/day for 5 days or 2 g/day for 30 days | Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognitive function in young and old.cited 68× |
| concurrent creatine supplementation and resistance training | Increases - increase | muscle strength | Human | older adults | 20 g/day for 5 days or 2 g/day for 30 days | Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognitive function in young and old.cited 68× |
| short-term high-dose creatine supplementation, independent of exercise training | Increases - increases | muscle strength | Human | older adults | 20 g/day for 5 days or 2 g/day for 30 days | Use of creatine in the elderly and evidence for effects on cognitive function in young and old.cited 68× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - effect on | strength | Human | — | Not specified | Dietary protein and exercise for preservation of lean mass and perspectives on type 2 diabetes prevention.cited 6× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - appears to be effective for improving | strength and exercise performance | Human | pre-menopausal females | High doses (0.3 g·kg) for post-menopausal females; specific dosage for pre-menopausal females not mentioned. | Creatine Supplementation in Women's Health: A Lifespan Perspective.cited 39× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - has consistently demonstrated improvements | strength and muscle performance | Human | older adults | 5 g, 4 times/day (total 20 g/day). | Impact of Short-Term Creatine Supplementation on Muscular Performance among Breast Cancer Survivors.cited 2× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - consistent improvements | strength and power | Human | athletes | Not specified | Creatine and Caffeine: Considerations for Concurrent Supplementation.cited 31× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - enhances | the mass and possibly strength gains made during resistance exercise training | Human | — | 3-6 mg/kg before exercise or 1-2 mg/kg during exercise. | Caffeine and creatine use in sport.cited 62× |
| creatine supplementation (Cr) to RT | Increases - augments gains in | muscle strength and muscle mass | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Efficacy of Creatine Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass in Older Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 19× |
| creatine supplementation (Cr) to RT | Increases - augments gains in | upper- and lower-body strength and muscle mass | Human | older females | Not specified in the abstract. | Efficacy of Creatine Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass in Older Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 19× |
| creatine supplementation after supervised resistance training | Increases - experienced a significant increase | lower body strength | Human | healthy older adults | 0.1g/kg creatine before or after training, 3 days/week. | Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 25× |
| creatine supplementation after supervised resistance training | Increases - similar changes | strength | Human | older adults | 0.1g/kg creatine before or after training, 3 days/week. | Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 25× |
| creatine supplementation after supervised resistance training | Increases - experienced a significant increase | upper body strength | Human | healthy older adults | 0.1g/kg creatine before or after training, 3 days/week. | Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 25× |
| creatine supplementation before supervised resistance training | Increases - experienced a significant increase | lower body strength | Human | healthy older adults | 0.1g/kg creatine before or after training, 3 days/week. | Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 25× |
| creatine supplementation before supervised resistance training | Increases - similar changes | strength | Human | older adults | 0.1g/kg creatine before or after training, 3 days/week. | Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 25× |
| creatine supplementation before supervised resistance training | Increases - experienced a significant increase | upper body strength | Human | healthy older adults | 0.1g/kg creatine before or after training, 3 days/week. | Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 25× |
| creatine | Increases - improve body strength | body strength | Human | — | Not available | Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities.cited 19× |
| creatine | Increases - seems to consistently increase or preserve | muscle mass and strength | Human | — | Not specified | Supplements with purported effects on muscle mass and strength.cited 47× |
| creatine | No effect - no statistically significant changes | muscle strength | Human | patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) | Not specified in the abstract. | The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Function in Childhood Myositis: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Feasibility Study.cited 10× |
| creatine | No effect - had no effect on | muscular strength (i.e., one-repetition maximum) during bench press | Human | postmenopausal women | 0.14 g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹ creatine monohydrate | A 2-yr Randomized Controlled Trial on Creatine Supplementation during Exercise for Postmenopausal Bone Health.cited 10× |
| creatine | No effect - had no effect on | muscular strength (i.e., one-repetition maximum) during hack squat | Human | postmenopausal women | 0.14 g·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹ creatine monohydrate | A 2-yr Randomized Controlled Trial on Creatine Supplementation during Exercise for Postmenopausal Bone Health.cited 10× |
| betaine supplementation combined or not with creatine supplementation | No effect - does not affect | strength and power performance | Human | untrained subjects | 2 g/day (betaine), 20 g/day (creatine), 2+20 g/day (betaine + creatine) | Creatine but not betaine supplementation increases muscle phosphorylcreatine content and strength performance.cited 35× |
| L-Carnitine combined with creatine and L-leucine | Increases - significantly improved | the composite score which reflects muscle mass and strength | Human | older adults | — | Efficacy of a novel formulation of L-Carnitine, creatine, and leucine on lean body mass and functional muscle strength in healthy older adults: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. |
| Creatine supplementation in combination with resistance training | Increases - produces greater muscular strength improvements | muscular strength | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine supplementation elicits greater muscle hypertrophy in upper than lower limbs and trunk in resistance-trained men.cited 11× |
| Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation combined with resistance training (RT) | Increases - has been shown to improve | body composition and muscle strength | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine Enhances the Effects of Cluster-Set Resistance Training on Lower-Limb Body Composition and Strength in Resistance-Trained Men: A Pilot Study.cited 15× |
| oral creatine (Cr) supplementation | No effect - failed to improve | handgrip strength | Human | RA patients | Not specified (only duration mentioned). | Can Creatine Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Objective Physical Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients? A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 30× |
| oral creatine (Cr) supplementation | No effect - failed to improve | isometric knee extensor strength | Human | RA patients | Not specified (only duration mentioned). | Can Creatine Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Objective Physical Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients? A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 30× |
| oral creatine (Cr) supplementation | No effect - not | strength | Human | patients with RA | Not specified (only duration mentioned). | Can Creatine Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Objective Physical Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients? A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 30× |
| oral creatine supplementation | No effect - preserved | muscle strength | Human | steroid-naive, ambulatory boys suffering with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) | 5 g/day of creatine monohydrate | Effect of creatine monohydrate in improving cellular energetics and muscle strength in ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled 31P MRS study.cited 51× |
| Creatine supplementation, immediately before and immediately following resistance training | Increases - has been shown to increase | muscle mass and strength | Human | — | Not available (abstract mentions creatine dosage but not Maltodextrin). | Effect of pre-exercise and post-exercise creatine supplementation on bone mineral content and density in healthy aging adults.cited 14× |
| 20 g·d⁻¹ of creatine monohydrate (CM) for 7 days | No effect - no effect | 1RM bench press (BP) strength | Human | 22 men (supplement group) | 20 g·d⁻¹ of maltodextrin powder. | The effects of creatine monohydrate loading on anaerobic performance and one-repetition maximum strength.cited 27× |
| 20 g·d⁻¹ of creatine monohydrate (CM) for 7 days | No effect - no effect | 1RM bilateral leg extension (LE) strength | Human | 22 men (supplement group) | 20 g·d⁻¹ of maltodextrin powder. | The effects of creatine monohydrate loading on anaerobic performance and one-repetition maximum strength.cited 27× |
| creatine monohydrate supplementation | Increases - respond with greater strength | strength | Human | Patients with muscular dystrophy | ~0.075-0.1 g/kg/day of creatine monohydrate. | Creatine as a therapeutic strategy for myopathies.cited 33× |
| creatine monohydrate supplementation | Increases - can double the amount of strength gained | strength gained from resistance training | Human | older adults | 0.1 g/kg of body weight daily (creatine monohydrate). | The role of resistance training and creatine supplementation on oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, muscle strength, and quality of life in older adults.cited 11× |