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Evidence suggests Vitamin D maydecreaseGlucose.
68 studies (74 claims)
Emerging evidence
Typical effective dose 2000 (1600–7000) IUacross 7 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Correction of vitamin D deficiency | No effect - significantly able to maintain | glucose | Human | people with vitamin D deficiency | 50,000 units per week | Metabolic effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient patients (a double-blind clinical trial).cited 14× |
| vitamin D and evening primrose oil (EPO) administration | Decreases - changes in fasting plasma glucose were significantly different from the placebo group | fasting plasma glucose | Human | women with GDM | 1000 mg EPO daily (combined with 1000 IU vitamin D3). | Vitamin D and Evening Primrose Oil Administration Improve Glycemia and Lipid Profiles in Women with Gestational Diabetes.cited 27× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - no differences | 2-h glucose | Human | subjects with prediabetes and hypovitaminosis D | Mean weekly dose of 88,865 IU, adjusted by body weight and baseline 25-OHD levels. | High-dose vitamin D supplementation in people with prediabetes and hypovitaminosis D.cited 152× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - no differences | fasting plasma glucose | Human | subjects with prediabetes and hypovitaminosis D | Mean weekly dose of 88,865 IU, adjusted by body weight and baseline 25-OHD levels. | High-dose vitamin D supplementation in people with prediabetes and hypovitaminosis D.cited 152× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - no differences | the percent returning to normal glucose tolerance | Human | subjects with prediabetes and hypovitaminosis D | Mean weekly dose of 88,865 IU, adjusted by body weight and baseline 25-OHD levels. | High-dose vitamin D supplementation in people with prediabetes and hypovitaminosis D.cited 152× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - reported | 2 h oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose (2h-PG) | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Prediabetes: A Meta-Analysis.cited 25× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - reported | fasting blood glucose (FBG) | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Prediabetes: A Meta-Analysis.cited 25× |
| vitamin D supplementation (10 μg/d) | No effect - No significant effect was observed | 2-h postprandial blood glucose | Human | patients with both diabetes and tuberculosis | 600 μg RAE/d of vitamin A. | Adjunctive vitamin A and D for the glycaemic control in patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis: a randomised controlled trial.cited 3× |
| vitamin D supplementation (10 μg/d) | No effect - No significant effect was observed | fasting plasma glucose | Human | patients with both diabetes and tuberculosis | 600 μg RAE/d of vitamin A. | Adjunctive vitamin A and D for the glycaemic control in patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis: a randomised controlled trial.cited 3× |
| combination of vitamin A (600 μg RAE/d) and vitamin D (10 μg/d) | No effect - No significant effect was observed | 2-h postprandial blood glucose | Human | patients with both diabetes and tuberculosis | 600 μg RAE/d of vitamin A. | Adjunctive vitamin A and D for the glycaemic control in patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis: a randomised controlled trial.cited 3× |
| combination of vitamin A (600 μg RAE/d) and vitamin D (10 μg/d) | No effect - No significant effect was observed | fasting plasma glucose | Human | patients with both diabetes and tuberculosis | 600 μg RAE/d of vitamin A. | Adjunctive vitamin A and D for the glycaemic control in patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis: a randomised controlled trial.cited 3× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - no significant changes | blood glucose | Human | racially diverse schoolchildren aged 8-15 y at risk of deficiency | 600, 1000, or 2000 IU vitamin D3 daily. | Vitamin D supplementation and cardiometabolic risk factors among diverse schoolchildren: a randomized clinical trial.cited 9× |
| vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - improves | blood glucose levels | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | Dietary program and physical activity impact on biochemical markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.cited 18× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - no significance | fasting blood glucose | Human | women diagnosed with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) | Not specified | Supplementation of Vitamin D in the Postdelivery Period of Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.cited 4× |
| Vitamin D supplementation | No effect - no effect on | fasting blood glucose | Human | patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Not specified | The effect of vitamin D supplementation on some metabolic parameters in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 RCTs.cited 1× |
| Vitamin D supplementation | No effect - had no significant effect on | fasting glucose | Human | patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | Not specified | The effect of vitamin D supplementation on some metabolic parameters in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 RCTs.cited 1× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - had no effect | fasting blood glucose and insulinemia, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight, waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, and triglycerides | Human | patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes | Up to 2000 IU daily (subgroup analysis). | Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic syndrome parameters in patients with obesity or diabetes in Brazil, Europe, and the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 1× |
| vitamin D up to 2000 IU daily | Decreases - reduced | fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin | Human | participants | Up to 2000 IU daily (subgroup analysis). | Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic syndrome parameters in patients with obesity or diabetes in Brazil, Europe, and the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 1× |
| vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - showed a beneficial effect on | fasting glucose | Human | children and adolescents | Total vitamin D supplementation ≥200,000 IU (subgroup analysis) | Effect of vitamin D supplementation on markers of cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.cited 16× |
| vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - was decreased | fasting glucose | Human | Greek people with prediabetes aged 60 years or above | Weekly vitamin D (specific dosage not provided). | The effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic status of elderly people with prediabetes: a 12-month open-label, randomized-controlled study.cited 8× |
| vitamin D supplementation (≥ 1000 IU/day) | Decreases - statistically significant reductions | fasting glucose | Human | women with PCOS | 1714-12,000 IU daily. | The effect of vitamin D supplementation on markers of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review. |
| vitamin D supplementation | Increases - showed improvements | fasting glucose | Human | — | Not specified | Controversial Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Reducing Insulin Resistance and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with Prediabetes: A Systematic Review.cited 14× |
| vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - decreased | fasting plasma glucose | Human | GDM patients | 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids (containing 240 mg DHA) twice daily | The effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid co-supplementation on glycemic control and lipid concentrations in patients with gestational diabetes.cited 64× |
| vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation | Decreases - significantly decreased | fasting plasma glucose | Human | GDM patients | 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids (containing 240 mg DHA) twice daily | The effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid co-supplementation on glycemic control and lipid concentrations in patients with gestational diabetes.cited 64× |
| vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - showed significant differences | Fasting Plasma Glucose | Human | diabetic foot ulcer patients | Not specified | Vitamin D as adjuvant therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: Systematic review and meta-analysis approach.cited 4× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - effect of | glucose homeostasis | Human | — | Not specified | Role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes.cited 26× |
| vitamin D | No effect - has previously-unrecognized effects on | a variety of physiologic processes, including those relating to glucose homeostasis | Human | — | Not specified | Role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes.cited 26× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - examine the effect | glucose homeostasis | Human | obese subjects with vitamin D deficiency | Not provided | Effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in combination with weight loss diet on glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and matrix metalloproteinases in obese subjects with vitamin D deficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.cited 9× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - significantly protected | glucose homeostasis | Human | mid-late gestation | 1600 IU/d (intervention) and 400 IU/d (control). | Effect of vitamin D supplementation on glucose control in mid-late gestation: A randomized controlled trial.cited 2× |
| Vitamin D supplementation | Increases - demonstrated improvements | glucose metabolism | Human | people | Not specified | The Role of Vitamin D and Its Molecular Bases in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease: State of the Art.cited 53× |
| vitamin D | Decreases - demonstrated an inverse relationship | vitamin D concentrations and glucose intolerance | Human | — | Not specified | The Role of Vitamin D and Its Molecular Bases in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease: State of the Art.cited 53× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - effect | glucose metabolism | HumanAnimal | prediabetic participants | 1600 IU/day. | Vitamin Dcited 4× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - effect | glucose metabolism | HumanAnimal | mice | 1600 IU/day. | Vitamin Dcited 4× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - did not find evidence indicating that ... improves | glucose metabolism, adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes related to GDM | Human | pregnant women | Not specified | Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in gestational diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.cited 19× |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - demonstrated the role in the improvement of | glucose metabolism, muscle, and adipose tissue function | Human | — | Not specified (focus on serum levels rather than dosage). | Vitamin D: not just the bone. Evidence for beneficial pleiotropic extraskeletal effects.cited 104× |
| Vitamin D supplementation | Increases - can improve | glucose tolerance | Human | subjects with different stages of glucose intolerance and autonomic dysfunction | Not specified | Vitamin D in the Spectrum of Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction.cited 21× |
| Vitamin D | Decreases - proposed to prevent the progression of | glucose intolerance | Human | — | Not specified | Vitamin D in the Spectrum of Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction.cited 21× |
| Vitamin D | Increases - enhancement of | insulin response to glucose transporters | Human | — | Not specified | Vitamin D in the Spectrum of Prediabetes and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction.cited 21× |
| Vitamin D supplementation | Increases - improves | glucose tolerance | Human | diabetic women | Not specified | Vitamin D and gestational diabetes: an update.cited 26× |
| Vitamin D supplementation | Increases - improves | maternal glucose metabolism | Human | pregnant women | Not specified | Vitamin D and gestational diabetes: an update.cited 26× |
| vitamin D supplementation | Increases - enables to overexpress | glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) | Human | diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients | 50,000 IU every 2 weeks | Diabetic Hemodialysis: Vitamin D Supplementation and its Related Signaling Pathways Involved in Insulin and Lipid Metabolism.cited 3× |
| vitamin D supplementation | Increases - demonstrating improvements | insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism | Human | humans | Not specified | Vitamin D, sub-inflammation and insulin resistance. A window on a potential role for the interaction between bone and glucose metabolism.cited 93× |
| Vitamin D concentrations | Decreases - inversely associated with | pro-inflammatory markers, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and obesity | Human | — | Not specified | Vitamin D, sub-inflammation and insulin resistance. A window on a potential role for the interaction between bone and glucose metabolism.cited 93× |
| vitamin D supplementation | Increases - may have a modestly beneficial effect | lipid profile and glucose homeostasis | Human | obese individuals or those ≥60 years old | 1000-1200 mg/day of calcium, co-administered with vitamin D (800-2000 IU/day for maintenance, higher doses for repletion). | EMAS position statement: Vitamin D and menopausal health.cited 16× |
| vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - significantly decreased | mean fasting blood glucose | Human | Iranian patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and vitamin D deficiency | 300,000 IU intramuscular vitamin D (single dose). | The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Insulin Resistance among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.cited 5× |
| vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - significantly decreased | mean triglyceride-glucose index | Human | women with GDM | 1600 IU/d (intervention group) and 400 IU/d (control group). | Vitamin D supplementation for cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant women based on the gestational diabetes mellitus or obesity status : a randomized clinical trial. |
| vitamin D supplementation | No effect - lack conclusive evidence in support of | measures of glucose intolerance | Human | — | Not available | Update on vitamin D and type 2 diabetes.cited 22× |
| vitamin D supplements | Decreases - led to a significant decrease | fasting plasma glucose | Human | pregnant women aged 18-40 y old at 25 wk of gestation | 400 IU/d cholecalciferol. | Vitamin D supplementation affects serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women.cited 113× |
| vitamin D | Decreases - a small positive effect on | fasting glucose | Human | — | Not specified | Vitamin D and the cardiovascular system.cited 68× |
| vitamin D | Increases - purported to improve | glucose control and body composition | Human | — | Not specified | Efficacy of Dietary and Supplementation Interventions for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.cited 21× |
| vitamin D | Increases - is important for | glucose induced insulin secretion | Human | — | Not specified | Role of vitamin D in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.cited 84× |
| vitamin D | No effect - involvement in | glucose metabolism and cardiovascular system | Human | — | Maintain serum 25(OH)D of at least 30 ng/mL (preferred range 40-60 ng/mL). | Association of vitamin D status with COVID-19 and its severity : Vitamin D and COVID-19: a narrative review.cited 43× |
| vitamin D | No effect - influences | glucose regulation | Human | — | Not specified | Systematic Review of the roles of Inositol and Vitamin D in improving fertility among patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.cited 2× |
| Vitamin D | Increases - has been shown to improve | glucose tolerance | Human | — | Not specified | Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and gestational diabetes: a narrative review.cited 1× |
| vitamin D | No effect - plays key roles | maintaining musculoskeletal health and glucose homeostasis | Human | — | Not mentioned | Vitamin D in Osteosarcopenic Obesity.cited 43× |
| Magnesium combined with vitamin E or zinc-calcium-vitamin D | Increases - significantly improved | glucose and lipid metabolism | Human | PCOS patients | — | The effect of magnesium alone or its combination with other supplements on the markers of inflammation, OS and metabolism in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): A systematic review.cited 5× |
| vitamin D and Calcium (Ca) supplementation | No effect - remained unchanged | parameters of glucose homeostasis | Human | overweight and vitamin D deficient women with PCOS | 530 mg elemental Calcium daily. | Therapeutic implications of vitamin D and calcium in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome.cited 86× |
| antidiabetic and antiplatelet drugs coupled with vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - to control | glucose levels | Human | — | Not specified | Old and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in the Management of Hyperglycemia, an Important Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis.cited 7× |
| magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation | Decreases - resulted in significant reductions in | fasting plasma glucose | Human | patients with GDM | Not specified | Magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation improves glycemic control and markers of cardiometabolic risk in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 35× |
| raised Vitamin D | Decreases - significantly correlated in a negative manner | glucose | Human | — | Not specified | Serum and supplemental vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in T2DM populations: a meta-analysis and systematic review.cited 6× |
| Vitamin D supplement treatment | Decreases - significantly improve | glucose | Human | diabetic | Not specified | Serum and supplemental vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in T2DM populations: a meta-analysis and systematic review.cited 6× |
| vitamin D-fortified yogurt | Decreases - decreased | fasting serum glucose | Human | participants | Vitamin D fortification ranged from 400 to 2,000 IU; calcium dosage not specified. | Is vitamin D-fortified yogurt a value-added strategy for improving human health? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.cited 18× |
| vitamin D-fortified yogurt | Increases - may be beneficial in improving | glucose metabolism | Human | pregnant women and adult and elderly subjects with or without diabetes, prediabetes, or metabolic syndrome | Vitamin D fortification ranged from 400 to 2,000 IU; calcium dosage not specified. | Is vitamin D-fortified yogurt a value-added strategy for improving human health? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.cited 18× |
| calcium-vitamin D supplements | Decreases - resulted in decreased | Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) | Human | pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia | 500 mg calcium carbonate plus 200 IU vitamin D3 daily. | Effect of calcium-vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.cited 22× |
| high-dose vitamin D supplementation | Increases - has beneficial effects on | glucose homeostasis | Human | infertile men | 500 mg of calcium daily | Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Fasting Insulin Levels and HDL Cholesterol in Infertile Men.cited 10× |
| 2000 IU/day vitamin D for 6 months | Decreases - significant decrease | fasting blood glucose (FBG) | Human | children with biopsy-proven NAFLD | 2000 IU/day. | Vitamin D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children: a randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 20× |
| combination therapy of Vitamin D and dapagliflozin | Decreases - reduced | fasting blood glucose levels | Animal | HF/HS diet-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome | Not specified | Vitamin D and Dapagliflozin Alleviate Renal Injury and Insulin Resistance in a Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Rat Model. |
| vitamin D administration | No effect - had no beneficial effect | fasting plasma glucose (FPG) | Human | patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) | Not specified in the abstract. | The effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles and liver function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 44× |
| Vitamin D administration | Increases - can improve | insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance | Human | — | Not specified | Vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus.cited 42× |
| vitamin A + vitamin D + vitamin E | Decreases - ranked first in lowering | fasting blood glucose | Human | patients with gestational diabetes | Not specified | Effect of different nutrients on blood glucose, inflammatory response and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis.cited 3× |
| vitamin A + vitamin D + vitamin E | Decreases - ranked first in lowering | postprandial 2-h blood glucose | Human | patients with gestational diabetes | Not specified | Effect of different nutrients on blood glucose, inflammatory response and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis.cited 3× |
| normal-protein yogurt with vitamin D | Increases - largest increase | plasma glucose | Human | white, Danish, 6-8-y-old children | 260 g/d of high-protein (10 g/100 g) or normal-protein (3.5 g/100 g) yogurt, plus 20 µg/d vitamin D3 or placebo. | Effects of high dairy protein intake and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and cardiometabolic markers in 6-8-y-old children-the D-pro trial.cited 9× |
| Vitamin D adjuvant therapy | Decreases - lower | fasting blood glucose | Human | RM patients | Not specified | Effect of vitamin D adjuvant therapy on the proportion of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood and pregnancy outcome of patients with recurrent miscarriage.cited 1× |
| vitamin D deficiency | Increases - is plausibly implicated in | adverse health outcomes including mortality, malignancy, cardiovascular disease, immune functioning and glucose metabolism | Human | human | Not specified | Vitamin D and pregnancy: An old problem revisited.cited 70× |
| vitamin D deficiency | Decreases - may impair | blood glucose control | Human | — | Not specified | Diabetes and vitamin D: The effect of insulin sensitivity and gut microbial health. |
| vitamin D deficiency | No effect - underlying mechanisms of effect on | glucose metabolism | Human | women during pregnancy | Not specified | Vitamin D in gestational diabetes: A broadened frontier.cited 9× |
| daily supplementation with 4,000 IU vitamin D | Decreases - trends toward decreased | fasting glucose | Human | patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) | 4,000 IU daily. | Vitamin D Improves Selected Metabolic Parameters but Not Neuropsychological or Quality of Life Indices in OSA: A Pilot Study.cited 25× |
| Sarcomeal® supplement plus vitamin D | Decreases - reducing | glucose metabolism | Human | diabetic people who also have sarcopenia | 1000 IU of vitamin D daily. | The effect of Sarcomeal® oral supplementation plus vitamin D3 on muscle parameters and metabolic factors in diabetic sarcopenia patients: study protocol of a randomized controlled clinical trial. |
| vitamin D and n-3 fatty acids' co-supplementation | Decreases - led to a significant reduction in | fasting plasma glucose | Human | vitamin D-deficient diabetic patients with CHD | 2× 1000 mg/d n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil. | Long-term vitamin D and high-dosecited 15× |
| Combined supplementation with vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids | Decreases - decreased | fasting blood glucose (FBG) | Human | patients with GDM | 40,000 IU of vitamin D and 8,000 mg of omega-3 fatty acids twice daily. | The effect of combined supplementation with vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids on blood glucose and blood lipid levels in patients with gestational diabetes.cited 10× |
| Combined supplementation with vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids | Increases - effectively improve | glucose and lipid metabolism | Human | patients with GDM | 40,000 IU of vitamin D and 8,000 mg of omega-3 fatty acids twice daily. | The effect of combined supplementation with vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids on blood glucose and blood lipid levels in patients with gestational diabetes.cited 10× |
| supplemental vitamin D | Decreases - significantly reduced | serum/plasma fasting glucose | Human | NAFLD subjects | Not specified in the abstract. | Vitamin D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 39× |
| 4,000 units of vitamin D tablets daily | No effect - couldn't decrease | fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels | Human | pregnant women at 8-10 weeks of pregnancy who had the vitamin D of less than 30 ng/ml | 4,000 units of vitamin D tablets daily. | Effects of vitamin D on insulin resistance and fasting blood glucose in pregnant women with insufficient or deficient vitamin D: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.cited 6× |
| vitamin D-calcium supplementation | Decreases - was associated with remarkably decreased | fasting plasma glucose | Human | pregnant women with gestational diabetes | Not specified | Influence of vitamin D-calcium on metabolic profile for gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. |
| Magnesium, zinc, selenium, calcium, vitamin D and E (alone or in combination) | Decreases - significantly improve | fasting plasma glucose (FPG) | Human | women with GDM | Not specified | The effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation on women with gestational diabetes mellitus.cited 14× |
| vitamin D tablet, 1000IU/day | Decreases - a clinically significant decrease | glucose | Human | Saudi adolescents 12-18 years old | 200 ml/day of vitamin D fortified milk (40IU/100 ml). | Effects of different vitamin D supplementation strategies in reversing metabolic syndrome and its component risk factors in adolescents.cited 21× |
| calcium plus vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - significant reduction | fasting plasma glucose | Human | women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) | 1,000 mg calcium daily and 50,000 U vitamin D3 twice (baseline and day 21). | Effects of calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on glycaemic control, inflammation and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.cited 95× |
| maternal vitamin D status | No effect - influence on other childhood outcomes | glucose tolerance, blood pressure, cardiovascular function, IQ and immunology | Human | children | 1000 IU cholecalciferol/day | MAVIDOS Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. The MAVIDOS Study Group.cited 62× |