Ketogenic Diet
→Seizure activity

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Evidence suggests Ketogenic Diet mayincreaseSeizure activity.

186 studies (270 claims)

Conflicting evidence

Study Claims

257 of 288

Intervention	Direction	Endpoint	Type	Population	Dosage	Title
high CLA diet	Increases - higher enzymatic activity of all PLA2 groups	enzymatic activity of all PLA2 groups (cPLA2, iPLA2, and sPLA2)	HumanAnimal	Wistar rats	Not specified (CLA-enriched butter vs. low CLA butter and control diet)	Conjugated linoleic acid-enriched butter improved memory and up-regulated phospholipase A2 encoding-genes in rat brain tissue.cited 20×
diet naturally enriched in CLA	No effect - would affect the activity and expression of Pla 2 -encoding genes	activity and expression of Pla 2 -encoding genes in rat brain tissue	HumanAnimal	rat brain tissue	Not specified (CLA-enriched butter vs. low CLA butter and control diet)	Conjugated linoleic acid-enriched butter improved memory and up-regulated phospholipase A2 encoding-genes in rat brain tissue.cited 20×
Brazil nut-enriched diet	Increases - increased	plasma GPx activity	Animal	Male Wistar rats with 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx5% group)	5% Brazil nut-enriched diet.	Brazil nuts potential: effects on lipid peroxidation and heart health in nephrectomized rats.
high-fructose diet (HF)	Decreases - affected	antioxidant status including plasma thiobarbituric acid and liver antioxidant enzyme activity	Animal	fructose-fed rat model	125 mg/kg bw/day and 250 mg/kg bw/day, administered by gavage.	Effect of a proanthocyanidin-rich extract from longan flower on markers of metabolic syndrome in fructose-fed rats.cited 32×
vegetarian diet	Decreases - substantial reduction	inflammatory activity	Human	vegetarians who improved according to clinical variables	Not specified	Changes in laboratory variables in rheumatoid arthritis patients during a trial of fasting and one-year vegetarian diet.cited 36×
vegetarian diet	Decreases - decrease	modified Stoke disease activity index	Human	patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)	Not specified	Decrease in anti-Proteus mirabilis but not anti-Escherichia coli antibody levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with fasting and a one year vegetarian diet.cited 44×
vegetarian diet	No effect - no evidence for a difference in plasma renin activity	plasma renin activity	Human	vegetarians and omnivores	Not specified	Vegetarian diet, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.cited 29×
K-MIND diet	Decreases - downregulates	genes related to nuclear factor kappa B activity and inflammatory responses	Human	—	Not specified	Modified Korean MIND Diet: A Nutritional Intervention for Improved Cognitive Function in Elderly Women through Mitochondrial Respiration, Inflammation Suppression, and Amino Acid Metabolism Regulation.cited 4×
diet supplementation with phytoestrogens (Lippia citriodora extract (PLX) containing 20 mg/100 ml verbascoside)	Increases - increased	erythrocyte activity of glutathione peroxidase	Molecular	female swimmers	20 mg/100 ml verbascoside (via Lippia citriodora extract).	Phytoestrogens enhance antioxidant enzymes after swimming exercise and modulate sex hormone plasma levels in female swimmers.cited 31×
diet supplementation with phytoestrogens (Lippia citriodora extract (PLX) containing 20 mg/100 ml verbascoside)	Increases - increased	erythrocyte activity of glutathione reductase	Molecular	female swimmers	20 mg/100 ml verbascoside (via Lippia citriodora extract).	Phytoestrogens enhance antioxidant enzymes after swimming exercise and modulate sex hormone plasma levels in female swimmers.cited 31×
diet supplementation with phytoestrogens (Lippia citriodora extract (PLX) containing 20 mg/100 ml verbascoside)	Increases - increased	superoxide dismutase activity in lymphocytes	Molecular	female swimmers	20 mg/100 ml verbascoside (via Lippia citriodora extract).	Phytoestrogens enhance antioxidant enzymes after swimming exercise and modulate sex hormone plasma levels in female swimmers.cited 31×
Mediterranean diet adherence	Decreases - negatively correlated	disease activity	Human	patients with Crohn's disease	Not specified	The Relationship of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet with Disease Activity and Quality of Life in Crohn's Disease Patients.cited 1×
Mediterranean diet adherence	Decreases - significantly higher	disease activity status	Human	patients with Crohn's disease	Not specified	The Relationship of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet with Disease Activity and Quality of Life in Crohn's Disease Patients.cited 1×
soft diet during growth	Increases - increases	collagenolytic activity	Animal	—	—	Effect of diet hardness on mandibular condylar cartilage metabolism.
high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (HChF)	No effect - unaffected	PON-1 activity	Human	healthy young volunteers	Not specified	A short-term increase in dietary cholesterol and fat intake affects high-density lipoprotein composition in healthy subjects.cited 11×
high-carbohydrate-low-fat diet	Increases - enhanced	sympathetic nervous system activity	Human	postobese women	Not specified	24-hour energy expenditure and sympathetic activity in postobese women consuming a high-carbohydrate diet.cited 66×
egg protein-based diet	Increases - increased	hepatic BHMT activity	Animal	rats	Diets contained 20% (wt:wt) total protein, with choline supplementation at 1.3% (wt:wt) in the C+Cho group.	Dietary Egg Protein Prevents Hyperhomocysteinemia via Upregulation of Hepatic Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase Activity in Folate-Restricted Rats.cited 3×
whole egg-based diet	Increases - increased	hepatic BHMT activity	Animal	rats	Diets contained 20% (wt:wt) total protein, with choline supplementation at 1.3% (wt:wt) in the C+Cho group.	Dietary Egg Protein Prevents Hyperhomocysteinemia via Upregulation of Hepatic Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase Activity in Folate-Restricted Rats.cited 3×
low-protein diet	Increases - were significantly higher	activity levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase	Animal	male Sprague-Dawley rats	Not specified	In Vitro antioxidative activity of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo) protein isolate and its In Vivo effect on alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in low protein fed rats.cited 9×
plant-based diet intervention	Decreases - may reduce	disease activity	Human	patients with Crohn's disease	Not specified	A plant-based diet is feasible in patients with Crohn's disease.cited 1×
plant-based diet intervention	Increases - improved	perception of disease activity	Human	outpatients with Crohn's disease in biological therapy	Not specified	A plant-based diet is feasible in patients with Crohn's disease.cited 1×
diet containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ15	No effect - did not affect	serum antioxidant enzyme activity	Animal	broiler chickens	1 g/kg of diet	Inclusion of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NSMJ15 in broiler diets induces changes in jejunal immune cell population and cecal microbiota.
a low-protein (LP) diet	Increases - increased	the enzyme activity or mRNA expression of lipogenic enzymes	Molecular	lambs	Not specified (dietary CP levels: 14.5% for NP, 12.5% for LP, and LP + RML).	Lipid metabolism and m6A RNA methylation are altered in lambs supplemented rumen-protected methionine and lysine in a low-protein diet.cited 9×
low-fat diet as monotherapy	Decreases - achieved a significant reduction	Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index score	Animal	LOF dogs	Not specified	Prospective Evaluation of Low-Fat Diet Monotherapy in Dogs with Presumptive Protein-Losing Enteropathy.cited 4×
high energy density/high-fat diet	Increases - increased	lactase enzyme activity	Animal	—	Not specified (two dietary treatments: low energy density/high-fat and high energy density/high-fat).	Dietary fat and high energy density diet: Influence on intestinal health, oxidative stress and performance of weaned piglets.
diet containing both AKG and ethanol	Increases - possessed higher alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity	alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity	HumanAnimal	Two-day-old adult flies	10-mM AKG	Alpha-ketoglutarate reduces ethanol toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster by enhancing alcohol dehydrogenase activity and antioxidant capacity.cited 13×
lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week)	Increases - increased	lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in HDL(3)	Human	moderately overweight, middle-aged individuals	Control diet (<10 mg lycopene/week), lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week), lycopene supplement (70 mg lycopene/week)	Lycopene intervention reduces inflammation and improves HDL functionality in moderately overweight middle-aged individuals.cited 77×
lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week)	Increases - increased	lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in serum	Human	moderately overweight, middle-aged individuals	Control diet (<10 mg lycopene/week), lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week), lycopene supplement (70 mg lycopene/week)	Lycopene intervention reduces inflammation and improves HDL functionality in moderately overweight middle-aged individuals.cited 77×
lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week)	Increases - increased	paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in HDL(2&3)	Human	moderately overweight, middle-aged individuals	Control diet (<10 mg lycopene/week), lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week), lycopene supplement (70 mg lycopene/week)	Lycopene intervention reduces inflammation and improves HDL functionality in moderately overweight middle-aged individuals.cited 77×
lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week)	Increases - increased	paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in serum	Human	moderately overweight, middle-aged individuals	Control diet (<10 mg lycopene/week), lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week), lycopene supplement (70 mg lycopene/week)	Lycopene intervention reduces inflammation and improves HDL functionality in moderately overweight middle-aged individuals.cited 77×
S. occidentalis seeds at 3% diet concentration	Decreases - were decreased	Activity of SDH and NADH-tr	Animal	rats	1%, 2%, and 3% diet concentrations	Mitochondrial metabolism impairment in muscle fibres of rats chronically intoxicated with Senna occidentalis seeds.cited 7×
S. occidentalis seeds at 2% diet concentration	Decreases - were decreased	Activity of SDH and NADH-tr	Animal	rats	1%, 2%, and 3% diet concentrations	Mitochondrial metabolism impairment in muscle fibres of rats chronically intoxicated with Senna occidentalis seeds.cited 7×
methyl donor deficient diet	Decreases - decreased	activity of complexes I and II	Animal	—	—	Methyl donor deficiency impairs fatty acid oxidation through PGC-1α hypomethylation and decreased ER-α, ERR-α, and HNF-4α in the rat liver.
methyl donor deficient diet	No effect - observed no change in	carnityl-palmitoyl transferase 1 activity	Animal	—	—	Methyl donor deficiency impairs fatty acid oxidation through PGC-1α hypomethylation and decreased ER-α, ERR-α, and HNF-4α in the rat liver.
methyl donor deficient diet	Decreases - decreased	methionine synthase activity	Animal	deprived rats	—	Methyl donor deficiency impairs fatty acid oxidation through PGC-1α hypomethylation and decreased ER-α, ERR-α, and HNF-4α in the rat liver.
low-calorie and low-protein diet with high contents of fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and polyphenols	Decreases - contain sufficient potential macronutrients and micronutrients to regulate the activity of the overall disease	activity of the overall disease	Human	SLE	Not specified	Immunomodulatory Effects of Diet and Nutrients in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Systematic Review.cited 64×
Western diet (WD) combined with VML injury	Decreases - had less	complex I activity	Animal	male VML + WD	Not specified	Differential effects of Western diet and traumatic muscle injury on skeletal muscle metabolic regulation in male and female mice.cited 4×
Western diet (WD) combined with VML injury	Decreases - had less	complex II activity	Animal	male VML + WD	Not specified	Differential effects of Western diet and traumatic muscle injury on skeletal muscle metabolic regulation in male and female mice.cited 4×
low phenolic diet	No effect - changed significantly	catalase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
low phenolic diet	Decreases - decreased	catalase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
low phenolic diet	Decreases - decreased	glutathione reductase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
low phenolic diet	No effect - significant changes were observed	glutathione reductase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
low phenolic diet	Decreases - decreased	superoxide dismutase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
low phenolic diet	No effect - significant changes were observed	superoxide dismutase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
low phenolic diet + dealcoholized wine	Increases - increased	catalase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
low phenolic diet + dealcoholized wine	No effect - changed significantly	catalase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
low phenolic diet + dealcoholized wine	Increases - increased	glutathione reductase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
low phenolic diet + dealcoholized wine	No effect - significant changes were observed	glutathione reductase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
low phenolic diet + dealcoholized wine	Increases - increased	superoxide dismutase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
low phenolic diet + dealcoholized wine	No effect - significant changes were observed	superoxide dismutase activity	Human	volunteers	300 mL of alcohol-free wine.	Intake of alcohol-free red wine modulates antioxidant enzyme activities in a human intervention study.cited 34×
diet containing monounsaturated fat (MUFA)	Decreases - showed a reduced	SCD-1 activity index	Human	human subjects	Not specified	Indices of fatty acid desaturase activity in healthy human subjects: effects of different types of dietary fat.cited 67×
high-fat diet	Increases - increased	ACE activity	HumanAnimal	HFD arterioles	Not specified	Increased tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme activity impairs bradykinin-induced dilation of coronary arterioles in obesity.cited 19×
high fat diet (HFD)	Decreases - significantly reduced	acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity	Animal	obese rats	Not specified	Effect of caffeine-chitosan nanoparticles and α-lipoic acid on the cardiovascular changes induced in rat model of obesity.cited 5×
high fat diet (HFD)	Increases - significantly elevated	activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO)	Animal	obese rats	Not specified	Effect of caffeine-chitosan nanoparticles and α-lipoic acid on the cardiovascular changes induced in rat model of obesity.cited 5×
high fat diet (HFD)	Decreases - significantly reduced	cardiac Na+/K+-ATPase activity	Animal	obese rats	Not specified	Effect of caffeine-chitosan nanoparticles and α-lipoic acid on the cardiovascular changes induced in rat model of obesity.cited 5×
High fat diet	Increases - evoked lipogenesis via raising	activity and mRNA expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, SREBP-1a, -1c and -2 in liver and adipose tissue	Animal	mice	—	Histidine and carnosine alleviated hepatic steatosis in mice consumed high saturated fat diet.
High-fat diet (HFD)	Decreases - induces negative effects	activity of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and systemic energy metabolism	Animal	mice	Not specified	Irisin reverses high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction via activation of brown adipose tissue in mice.
high-fat diet (HFD)	Decreases - had decreased	antioxidant enzyme activity	Animal	Wistar rats	60 mg/kg/day	The modulating effects of green rooibos (Aspalathus Linearis) extract on vascular function and antioxidant status in obese Wistar rats.cited 7×
high fat diet (HFD)	Increases - increase in	caspase-3 activity	Animal	rats	—	Agomelatine effects on fat-enriched diet induced neuroinflammation and depression-like behavior in rats.
high fat diet (HFD)	Decreases - reduced	CAT and GPx activity	Animal	rats	—	Agomelatine effects on fat-enriched diet induced neuroinflammation and depression-like behavior in rats.
high-fat diet (HFD)	Increases - significantly higher	catalase activity	Animal	Rats (Group 2)	—	Effects of Honey on Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats: Role of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition and Antioxidant Effect.
high-fat diet	Decreases - significantly altered	citrate synthase activity in muscle and liver	Animal	female 5 week old C57BL6/J mice	—	Head to Head Comparison of Short-Term Treatment with the NAD(+) Precursor Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and 6 Weeks of Exercise in Obese Female Mice.
high fat diet (60% kcal fat)	Increases - increased	DNA binding activity of specific protein 1 (Sp1)	AnimalMolecular	Mice	—	Activation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase during high fat diet feeding.
high fat diet (60% kcal fat)	Increases - increased	DNA binding activity of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-2	AnimalMolecular	Mice	—	Activation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase during high fat diet feeding.
high fat diet (60% kcal fat)	Increases - significant increase	hepatic HMG-CoA reductase enzyme activity	AnimalMolecular	Mice	—	Activation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase during high fat diet feeding.
high fat diet	Increases - have physiological effects	K-Ras activity	Animal	—	Not specified	The Significance of Ras Activity in Pancreatic Cancer Initiation.cited 49×
high fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat)	Decreases - reducing their locomotor activity	locomotor activity	Animal	male mice	Low-fat diet (10% calories from fat), Western Diet (45% calories from fat), high-fat diet (60% calories from fat).	Phenotypic sexual dimorphism in response to dietary fat manipulation in C57BL/6J mice.cited 127×
high fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat)	No effect - did not significantly change	locomotor activity	Animal	female mice	Low-fat diet (10% calories from fat), Western Diet (45% calories from fat), high-fat diet (60% calories from fat).	Phenotypic sexual dimorphism in response to dietary fat manipulation in C57BL/6J mice.cited 127×
Western Diet (WD, 45% calories from fat)	Decreases - reducing their locomotor activity	locomotor activity	Animal	male mice	Low-fat diet (10% calories from fat), Western Diet (45% calories from fat), high-fat diet (60% calories from fat).	Phenotypic sexual dimorphism in response to dietary fat manipulation in C57BL/6J mice.cited 127×
Western Diet (WD, 45% calories from fat)	No effect - did not significantly change	locomotor activity	Animal	female mice	Low-fat diet (10% calories from fat), Western Diet (45% calories from fat), high-fat diet (60% calories from fat).	Phenotypic sexual dimorphism in response to dietary fat manipulation in C57BL/6J mice.cited 127×
high-fat diet	Increases - increased	NAFLD activity score (NAS)	Animal	male SD rats	Not specified (dietary intervention only).	Effects of a low-fat diet on the hepatic expression of adiponectin and its receptors in rats with NAFLD.cited 12×
high fat diet (HFD)	Decreases - exhibited	Na+,K+-ATPase activity	Animal	obese rats	Not specified	Therapeutic effects of alpha lipoic acid and/or caffeine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on memory impairment and neurochemical changes in high-fat diet-induced obese rats.
high-fat diet (HFD)	Decreases - reduced	SIRT3 expression and activity levels	AnimalMolecular	Wistar rats	—	Green Tea Polyphenols Ameliorate the Early Renal Damage Induced by a High-Fat Diet via Ketogenesis/SIRT3 Pathway.
high fat diet	Increases - significant elevation of	SOD activity	Animal	Male C57BL/6J mice	Anthocyanin-rich tart cherry extract dissolved in drinking water (5% sucrose).	Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Tart Cherry Extract on Inflammatory Mediators and Adipokines Involved in Type 2 Diabetes in a High Fat Diet Induced Obesity Mouse Model.cited 41×
high-fat diet	Increases - stimulation	thermogenic sympathetic nervous activity and RMR	Molecular	Agtr1a receptor colocalizing cells in ARC	Not mentioned	The renin-angiotensin system in the arcuate nucleus controls resting metabolic rate.cited 14×
hypocaloric diet + 3 g/day of omega-3 supplementation (Diet-fish group)	Increases - achieved	minimal disease activity (MDA)	Human	patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA)	3 g/day of omega-3 supplementation.	Dietetic intervention in psoriatic arthritis: the DIETA trial.cited 14×
hypocaloric diet + placebo supplementation (Diet-placebo group)	Increases - achieved	minimal disease activity (MDA)	Human	patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA)	3 g/day of omega-3 supplementation.	Dietetic intervention in psoriatic arthritis: the DIETA trial.cited 14×
low-sodium diet	No effect - without affecting	renal ACE2 activity	Animal	Healthy rats	Not specified	Differential regulation of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 during ACE inhibition and dietary sodium restriction in healthy rats.cited 72×
low-sodium diet	Decreases - reduced	renal ACE activity	Animal	Healthy rats	Not specified	Differential regulation of renal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 during ACE inhibition and dietary sodium restriction in healthy rats.cited 72×
Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD)	Decreases - significant improvements were observed in	PsA activity (DAPSA)	Human	psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients moderately overweight or in class I obesity	Not specified (very low-calorie ketogenic diet regimen).	Ketogenic diet improves disease activity and cardiovascular risk in psoriatic arthritis: A proof of concept study.
Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD)	Decreases - significantly improved	PsA activity	Human	psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients moderately overweight or in class I obesity	Not specified (very low-calorie ketogenic diet regimen).	Ketogenic diet improves disease activity and cardiovascular risk in psoriatic arthritis: A proof of concept study.
elderberry diet treatment containing 2 % EB	Increases - improved	locomotor activity	Animal	3-AP ataxia model rat	2% elderberry diet	Elderberry diet enhances motor performance and reduces neuroinflammation-induced cell death in cerebellar ataxia rat models.cited 5×
Balanced Deficit Diet (BDD) supplemented with aspartame	Increases - showed clinically meaningful improvement	level of physical activity	Human	obese (130-225% of ideal body weight), free living men and women	Not specified	An evaluation of the effect of aspartame on weight loss.cited 62×
Balanced Deficit Diet (BDD)	Increases - showed clinically meaningful improvement	level of physical activity	Human	obese (130-225% of ideal body weight), free living men and women	Not specified	An evaluation of the effect of aspartame on weight loss.cited 62×
hypocaloric diet	Decreases - improves	disease activity	Human	PsA patients who are overweight or obese	Not specified	Role of Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Psoriatic Arthritis.cited 2×
Mediterranean diet	Decreases - improves	disease activity	Human	PsA patients who are overweight or obese	Not specified	Role of Anti-Inflammatory Diet and Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Psoriatic Arthritis.cited 2×
hypocaloric diet	No effect - not associated to MDA achievement	disease activity	Human	PsA	Not specified	The impact of diet on disease activity in spondyloarthritis: A systematic literature review.cited 13×
cholesterol-rich diet	Decreases - depressed	liver A6 and delta5 desaturase activity	Animal	—	1% cholesterol addition to diet	Dietary cholesterol modulates delta6 and delta9 desaturase mRNAs and enzymatic activity in rats fed a low-eFA diet.cited 15×
addition of cholesterol to a low-EFA diet	Increases - induced a marked increase	liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mRNA and enzyme activity	Animal	—	1% cholesterol addition to diet	Dietary cholesterol modulates delta6 and delta9 desaturase mRNAs and enzymatic activity in rats fed a low-eFA diet.cited 15×
combination of diet and exercise	Decreases - suggest a potential for improvement in	serum alanine aminotransferase activity	Human	—	Not specified	Lifestyle Interventions Including Nutrition, Exercise, and Supplements for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children.cited 66×
plant-based, anti-inflammatory diet	Decreases - potential role	disease activity	Human	patients with multiple sclerosis	Not specified	Wellness and the Role of Comorbidities in Multiple Sclerosis.cited 49×
SFA-EAA diet	Decreases - inhibited	mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity	AnimalMolecular	tumours	Not specified.	An amino acid-defined diet impairs tumour growth in mice by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mTOR inhibition.cited 11×
silicon-supplemented RP diet (Chol-Si)	No effect - had a score	NAFLD activity score (NAS)	Animal	aged male Wistar rats	750 mg SiO2/kg diet.	Silicon Alleviates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Reducing Apoptosis in Aged Wistar Rats Fed a High-Saturated Fat, High-Cholesterol Diet.cited 14×
control diet	No effect - had a mean	NAFLD activity score (NAS)	Animal	aged male Wistar rats	750 mg SiO2/kg diet.	Silicon Alleviates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Reducing Apoptosis in Aged Wistar Rats Fed a High-Saturated Fat, High-Cholesterol Diet.cited 14×
high-cholesterol diet (Chol-C)	Increases - had a higher mean	NAFLD activity score (NAS)	Animal	aged male Wistar rats	750 mg SiO2/kg diet.	Silicon Alleviates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Reducing Apoptosis in Aged Wistar Rats Fed a High-Saturated Fat, High-Cholesterol Diet.cited 14×
nicotinamide riboside (NR) added to the HFHS diet	Increases - inducing a sirtuin (SIRT)1- and SIRT3-dependent mitochondrial unfolded protein response, triggering an adaptive mitohormetic pathway to increase	mitochondrial complex activity	Animal	mice	Not specified	Eliciting the mitochondrial unfolded protein response by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide repletion reverses fatty liver disease in mice.cited 284×
high-fat and high-protein diet	Decreases - destroy the physiological balance	disturbance of intestinal flora and the decrease of some enzyme activities and microbial activity	Animal	body	High-fat and high-protein diet as sole food source; Baohe pill decoction at 6.67 g/(kg·day), administered twice daily at 0.35 mL per dose.	Study on Baohe Pills Regulating Intestinal Microecology and Treating Diarrhea of High-Fat and High-Protein Diet Mice.cited 13×
high-fat and high-protein diet	Decreases - lower	intestinal contents microbial activity	Animal	mice	High-fat and high-protein diet as sole food source; Baohe pill decoction at 6.67 g/(kg·day), administered twice daily at 0.35 mL per dose.	Study on Baohe Pills Regulating Intestinal Microecology and Treating Diarrhea of High-Fat and High-Protein Diet Mice.cited 13×
high-fat and high-protein diet	Increases - higher	intestinal mucosa microbial activity	Animal	mice	High-fat and high-protein diet as sole food source; Baohe pill decoction at 6.67 g/(kg·day), administered twice daily at 0.35 mL per dose.	Study on Baohe Pills Regulating Intestinal Microecology and Treating Diarrhea of High-Fat and High-Protein Diet Mice.cited 13×
Spirulina platensis supplementation in broiler chickens fed on OTA contaminated diet	Increases - improved	antioxidant activity	Animal	broiler chickens	1 g/kg of diet.	Impact of dietary Spirulina on performance, antioxidant status, carcass traits and pathological alteration in broilers exposed to ochratoxin A stress.
Diet-induced acidification/alkalization	No effect - affects	GC activity and metabolism	Human	—	High NaCl diet (32 g/day in Study A, 31 g/day in Study B), low NaCl diet (3 g/day in Study B), supplemented with 90 mmol KHCO3/day in Study A.	Glucocorticoid activity and metabolism with NaCl-induced low-grade metabolic acidosis and oral alkalization: results of two randomized controlled trials.cited 19×
a certain vegetarian diet	Decreases - strikingly inhibited	serological parameters including LDH5 activity	Human	twenty patients with atopic dermatitis	Not specified	Vegetarian diet ameliorates symptoms of atopic dermatitis through reduction of the number of peripheral eosinophils and of PGE2 synthesis by monocytes.cited 33×
high-glycemic index diet	No effect - remained unchanged	plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity	Human	type 2 diabetic patients	Preweighed diets with different GIs (specific amounts not detailed).	Improved glycemic control and lipid profile and normalized fibrinolytic activity on a low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetic patients.cited 289×
low-glycemic index diet	Decreases - normalized	plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity	Human	type 2 diabetic patients	Preweighed diets with different GIs (specific amounts not detailed).	Improved glycemic control and lipid profile and normalized fibrinolytic activity on a low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetic patients.cited 289×
Exposure to thiamine-deficient diet (TDD)	Increases - evident increase	brain sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) activity	AnimalMolecular	—	—	Experimentally-induced Wernicke's encephalopathy modifies crucial rat brain parameters: the importance of Na+, K+ -ATPase and a potentially neuroprotective role for antioxidant supplementation.
A diet rich in both flavonoids and lycopene	Increases - possesses a great antioxidant activity	antioxidant activity	Molecular	—	Total concentration of 8 μM (specific ratios varied).	Interaction between Flavonoids and Carotenoids on Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Cellular Uptake in Different Cells.cited 10×
infliximab combined with a plant-based diet as first-line (IPF) therapy	Decreases - decreased	Crohn Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score	Human	adults with a new diagnosis, children with a new diagnosis, and relapsing adults with CD who were naïve to treatment with biologics	Infliximab (5 mg/kg at 0, 2, and 6 weeks) plus a lacto-ovo-semivegetarian diet.	Induction with Infliximab and a Plant-Based Diet as First-Line (IPF) Therapy for Crohn Disease: A Single-Group Trial.cited 33×
high carbohydrate diet	Decreases - decreased	CYP1A2 activity	Human	—	Not specified	The effect of obesity, macronutrients, fasting and nutritional status on drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s: a systematic review of current evidence on human studies.cited 36×
high protein diet	Increases - increased	CYP1A2 activity	Human	—	Not specified	The effect of obesity, macronutrients, fasting and nutritional status on drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s: a systematic review of current evidence on human studies.cited 36×
high-carbohydrate diet (60% of energy from carbohydrate, 20% fat)	No effect - assessed	physical activity	Human	164 participants aged 18 to 65 years	Diets provided 20% protein, with varying carbohydrate (20–60%) and fat (20–60%) ratios.	A randomized study of dietary composition during weight-loss maintenance: Rationale, study design, intervention, and assessment.cited 14×
moderate-carbohydrate diet (40% carbohydrate, 40% fat)	No effect - assessed	physical activity	Human	164 participants aged 18 to 65 years	Diets provided 20% protein, with varying carbohydrate (20–60%) and fat (20–60%) ratios.	A randomized study of dietary composition during weight-loss maintenance: Rationale, study design, intervention, and assessment.cited 14×
low-carbohydrate diet (20% carbohydrate, 60% fat)	No effect - assessed	physical activity	Human	164 participants aged 18 to 65 years	Diets provided 20% protein, with varying carbohydrate (20–60%) and fat (20–60%) ratios.	A randomized study of dietary composition during weight-loss maintenance: Rationale, study design, intervention, and assessment.cited 14×
increased physical activity and implemented diet	Decreases - The patient has lost weight, improved physical activity performance and is feeling better	weight, physical activity performance, feeling	Human	the patient	Not specified	Pituitary insufficiency following traumatic thoracic injury in an adolescent male patient: A case report and literature review.cited 2×
beta-alanine-supplemented diet (22.5 mmol/kg diet)	No effect - no significant difference	locomotor activity	Animal	mice	22.5 mmol/kg diet	The impact of taurine- and beta-alanine-supplemented diets on behavioral and neurochemical parameters in mice: antidepressant versus anxiolytic-like effects.cited 69×
taurine-supplemented diet (22.5 mmol/kg diet)	No effect - no significant difference	locomotor activity	Animal	mice	22.5 mmol/kg diet	The impact of taurine- and beta-alanine-supplemented diets on behavioral and neurochemical parameters in mice: antidepressant versus anxiolytic-like effects.cited 69×
diet	Increases - association	intestinal flora and disease activity	Human	RA patients	Not specified	Changes of faecal flora in rheumatoid arthritis during fasting and one-year vegetarian diet.cited 63×
personalized intensive dietary intervention emphasizing a prudent diet with specific plant-based foods	No effect - did not change significantly	base excision repair (BER) activity	Human	post-surgery CRC patients (stage I-III)	Not specified	Effect of a personalized intensive dietary intervention on base excision repair (BER) in colorectal cancer patients: Results from a randomized controlled trial.
highly saturated MCT diet	Decreases - is associated with a decreased	hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) activity	Animal	females	Not specified	Sexual dimorphism of lipid metabolism in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient (VLCAD-/-) mice in response to medium-chain triglycerides (MCT).cited 18×
≥6-portion/day fruit and vegetable (F&V) diet	Increases - increased	activity of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in HDL3	Human	obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D)	≥6 portions/day of fruits and vegetables (specific lutein dosage not isolated).	A randomised controlled trial of increasing fruit and vegetable intake and how this influences the carotenoid concentration and activities of PON-1 and LCAT in HDL from subjects with type 2 diabetes.cited 38×
≥6-portion/day fruit and vegetable (F&V) diet	Increases - increased	activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) in HDL3	Human	obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D)	≥6 portions/day of fruits and vegetables (specific lutein dosage not isolated).	A randomised controlled trial of increasing fruit and vegetable intake and how this influences the carotenoid concentration and activities of PON-1 and LCAT in HDL from subjects with type 2 diabetes.cited 38×
CLA-mix diet	Increases - indicated high	stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity	Animal	BALB/c mice	—	Trans-10,cis-12-CLA-caused lipodystrophy is associated with profound changes of fatty acid profiles of liver, white adipose tissue and erythrocytes in mice: possible link to tissue-specific alterations of fatty acid desaturation.cited 27×
yacon flour (340 mg fructooligosaccharide/kg/d) as a diet supplement	Decreases - were significantly lower	hepatic catalase activity	Animal	diabetic-treated rats	—	Yacon roots (Smallanthus sonchifolius) improve oxidative stress in diabetic rats.cited 13×
yacon flour (340 mg fructooligosaccharide/kg/d) as a diet supplement	Decreases - were significantly lower	hepatic superoxide dismutase activity	Animal	diabetic-treated rats	—	Yacon roots (Smallanthus sonchifolius) improve oxidative stress in diabetic rats.cited 13×
leucine-supplemented diet	No effect - no significant difference	fecal MPO activity	HumanAnimal	hGF-SAMP mice	Not specified (leucine-rich diet composition details not provided).	Leucine-Enriched Diet Reduces Fecal MPO but Does Not Protect Against DSS Colitis in a Mouse Model of Crohn's Disease-like Ileitis.
experimental diet containing reduced levels of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids	Decreases - decrease	catalase (CAT) activity	Animal	EF2 young animals	Not specified (dietary levels of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids were adjusted but exact amounts not provided).	Differential vulnerability of substantia nigra and corpus striatum to oxidative insult induced by reduced dietary levels of essential fatty acids.cited 20×
experimental diet containing reduced levels of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids	No effect - no inter-group difference was found	lipid peroxidation (LP) and catalase (CAT) activity	Animal	EF2 young animals	Not specified (dietary levels of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids were adjusted but exact amounts not provided).	Differential vulnerability of substantia nigra and corpus striatum to oxidative insult induced by reduced dietary levels of essential fatty acids.cited 20×
experimental diet containing reduced levels of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids	Increases - significant increase	total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD) activity	Animal	F1 adult animals of the experimental group	Not specified (dietary levels of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids were adjusted but exact amounts not provided).	Differential vulnerability of substantia nigra and corpus striatum to oxidative insult induced by reduced dietary levels of essential fatty acids.cited 20×
experimental diet containing reduced levels of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids	Increases - significant increase	total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD) activity	Animal	EF2 young animals	Not specified (dietary levels of linoleic and α-linolenic fatty acids were adjusted but exact amounts not provided).	Differential vulnerability of substantia nigra and corpus striatum to oxidative insult induced by reduced dietary levels of essential fatty acids.cited 20×
anti-inflammatory diet intervention	Decreases - decrease	disease activity	Human	patients with stable established RA	Not specified (food bags delivered weekly).	A randomized controlled cross-over trial investigating the effect of anti-inflammatory diet on disease activity and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: the Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis (ADIRA) study protocol.cited 31×
low-glycemic-index (LGI) diet	Decreases - reduces	fasting plasma PAI-1 activity	Human	overweight women	Ad libitum consumption (no specific dosage mentioned).	A low-glycemic-index diet reduces plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, but not tissue inhibitor of proteinases-1 or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein, in overweight women.cited 30×
low-glycemic-index (LGI) diet	Decreases - decreased	PAI-1 activity	Human	overweight women	Ad libitum consumption (no specific dosage mentioned).	A low-glycemic-index diet reduces plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, but not tissue inhibitor of proteinases-1 or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein, in overweight women.cited 30×
low-glycemic-index (LGI) diet	Decreases - was significantly different between groups	PAI-1 activity	Human	overweight women	Ad libitum consumption (no specific dosage mentioned).	A low-glycemic-index diet reduces plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, but not tissue inhibitor of proteinases-1 or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 protein, in overweight women.cited 30×
Western diet (WD)	Decreases - significantly reduced	CYP1A2 activity	Animal	male guinea pigs	Not specified	Hepatic cytochrome P450 function is reduced by life-long Western diet consumption in guinea pig independent of birth weight.cited 6×
Western diet (WD)	No effect - not observed	CYP1A2 activity	Animal	female guinea pigs	Not specified	Hepatic cytochrome P450 function is reduced by life-long Western diet consumption in guinea pig independent of birth weight.cited 6×
Western diet (WD)	Decreases - significantly reduced	functional activity of CYP3A	Animal	male guinea pigs	Not specified	Hepatic cytochrome P450 function is reduced by life-long Western diet consumption in guinea pig independent of birth weight.cited 6×
Western diet (WD)	Decreases - significantly reduced	functional activity of CYP3A	Animal	female guinea pigs	Not specified	Hepatic cytochrome P450 function is reduced by life-long Western diet consumption in guinea pig independent of birth weight.cited 6×
low salt diet	Increases - rose	plasma renin activity	Human	all three groups (salt-sensitive, salt-resistant, reverse reactors)	Low salt diet (20 mmol sodium/day) and high salt diet (300 mmol sodium/day).	Short-term dietary sodium restriction increases serum lipids and insulin in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant normotensive adults.cited 50×
low-salt diet (0.1%)	Decreases - decreased	urinary ACE2 activity	Animal	db/db mice	—	Regulation of urinary ACE2 in diabetic mice.
High-salt diet (8%)	Increases - increased	urinary ACE2 activity	Animal	db/db mice	—	Regulation of urinary ACE2 in diabetic mice.
polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched high-fat diet (HFD)	No effect - had no effect on	locomotor activity	Animal	Ndufs4 KO mice	Not specified (PUFA-enriched HFD composition details not provided).	The therapeutic potential of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched high-fat diet in Leigh syndrome: Insights from a preclinical model.
psychoeducation sessions on diet and physical activity and regular participation in walking groups	Increases - post-treatment improvement	physical activity	Human	psychotic patients	Not specified (regular participation in walking groups).	Physical health promotion in patients with functional psychoses receiving community psychiatric services: Results of the PHYSICO-DSM-VR study.cited 7×
high-protein (HP) diet	No effect - did not increase	Hepatic mitochondrial activity	Human	—	30E% protein (high-protein group), 10E% protein (low-protein group), within a 1500-1600 kcal/day diet.	High-protein diet more effectively reduces hepatic fat than low-protein diet despite lower autophagy and FGF21 levels.cited 48×
high-protein diet (HPD)	No effect - did not differ	Resting mTORC1 activity	Animal	Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10 wk	50 kcal % protein (HPD) vs. 20 kcal % protein (NPD).	Habitual high-protein diet does not influence muscle protein synthesis in response to acute resistance exercise in rats.cited 7×
docosahexenoic acid (DHA)-phospholipids, melatonin and tryptophan supplemented diet	Increases - resulted in an increase	acetylcholine esterase activity	Human	elderly subjects suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI)	Not specified	Effects of DHA-phospholipids, melatonin and tryptophan supplementation on erythrocyte membrane physico-chemical properties in elderly patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment.cited 20×
ketogenic diet (KD)	Increases - proves to serve as a better effective antidiabetic option	antidiabetic activity	Animal	Drosophila melanogaster	—	Novel ketogenic diet formulation improves sucrose-induced insulin resistance in canton strain Drosophila melanogaster.
high-sucrose diet (HSD)	Increases - significant increase	HMG-CoA reductase activity	Animal	fruit flies	—	Novel ketogenic diet formulation improves sucrose-induced insulin resistance in canton strain Drosophila melanogaster.
ketogenic diet	Increases - enhanced	mitochondrial activity	Human	patients with neurodegenerative disorders	Not specified	Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of the Ketogenic Diet in Modulating Neurodegenerative Pathophysiology: An Interdisciplinary Approach.
ketogenic diet (KD)	Increases - physical activity had significantly improved	physical activity	Human	23 obese adult women	Not specified (participants followed a typical 7-day meal plan with flexibility).	Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Ketogenesis Metabolic Stimulation and Regulation of NLRP3 Ubiquitination in Obese Saudi Women.cited 2×
ketogenic diet	Decreases - ≥ 50% reduction	seizure activity	Human	patients with refractory childhood epilepsy	Not specified	Ketogenic Diet for Refractory Childhood Epilepsy: Beyond Seizures Control, the Experience of a Portuguese Pediatric Centre.cited 12×
ketogenic diet	Decreases - elevated concentrations of ketones induced by the diet may result in inhibition	synaptic activity of glutamate	Human	—	Not specified (high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet with vitamin supplementation).	To treat or not to treat drug-refractory epilepsy by the ketogenic diet? That is the question.cited 20×
moderate high fat diet (HFD)	No effect - were normal	respiratory chain activity	Animal	Sprague-Dawley rats	—	Regulation of hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in response to a high fat diet: a longitudinal study in rats.
weight loss from a low-calorie diet	Decreases - beneficial effect	disease activity	Human	RA	Not specified	Weight loss affects disease activity and treatment response in inflammatory rheumatic diseases.cited 6×
diet intervention	No effect - no influence	erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity	Human	all participants	Not specified (controlled diet high in fruit-juice and vegetables).	Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms with consumption of high fruit-juice and vegetable diet affect antioxidant capacity in healthy adults.cited 14×
Adapted Physical Activity and Diet (APAD) intervention	Increases - enhanced	Leisure physical activity	Human	Women diagnosed with early breast cancer	9 dietetic consultations (frequency not specified) combined with thrice-weekly moderate-intensity exercise sessions.	Short- and long-term impact of adapted physical activity and diet counseling during adjuvant breast cancer therapy: the "APAD1" randomized controlled trial.cited 86×
gluten-free diet	No effect - may alter	activity of microbiota-gut-brain axis	Human	—	Not specified for gluten-free diet; probiotics included Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175.	The study evaluating the effect of probiotic supplementation on the mental status, inflammation, and intestinal barrier in major depressive disorder patients using gluten-free or gluten-containing diet (SANGUT study): a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical study protocol.cited 52×
gluten-free diet (GFD)	No effect - showed no statistically significant improvement	Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI)	Human	patients with mild to moderate UC	Not specified (gluten-free diet regimen).	Short-term effect of gluten-free diet on disease severity, quality of life, and inflammatory markers among patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis: A triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.
gluten-free diet	No effect - variations	SpA activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index)	Human	patients with axial spondyloarthritis	Experimental arm: ≥6 gluten-free breads/day + 200g gluten-free penne pasta/week + 6 rice flavor capsules/day. Control arm: ≥6 gluten-containing breads/day + 200g gluten-containing penne pasta/week + 6 vital gluten-containing capsules/day.	GlutenSpA trial: protocol for a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the impact of a gluten-free diet on quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.cited 10×
gluten-free diet	No effect - incompletely controlled	symptoms and disease activity	Human	patients with celiac disease	Not specified	Current Status of Celiac Disease Drug Development.cited 14×
medium chain triglycerides-dextrose diet	Decreases - decreased	cytochrome P450 2E1 activity	Animal	male Wistar rats	Not specified.	Medium chain triglycerides and vitamin E reduce the severity of established experimental alcoholic liver disease.cited 64×
DF diet	No effect - did not reduce	factor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc)	Human	hyperlipidaemic subjects	Not specified	Replacing dairy fat with rapeseed oil causes rapid improvement of hyperlipidaemia: a randomized controlled study.cited 58×
RO diet	Decreases - reduced	factor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc)	Human	hyperlipidaemic subjects	Not specified	Replacing dairy fat with rapeseed oil causes rapid improvement of hyperlipidaemia: a randomized controlled study.cited 58×
Stay on Track exercise and diet intervention	Increases - showed an increase	self-reported physical activity	Human	overweight patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer undergoing whole-breast radiotherapy	Three personal exercise and dietary counseling sessions, plus three text reminders per week.	Stay on Track: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial on the Feasibility of a Diet and Exercise Intervention in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy.cited 3×
ketogenic diet customized to continue the gluten-free, casein-free regimen	Decreases - showed significant improvement	seizure activity	Human	a child with autism and epilepsy	Not specified (dietary intervention).	Autism and dietary therapy: case report and review of the literature.cited 73×
gluten-free casein-free ketogenic diet	Decreases - showed only occasional	electroencephalogram spike-wave activity	Human	a child with autism and epilepsy	Not specified (dietary intervention).	Autism and dietary therapy: case report and review of the literature.cited 73×
gluten-free casein-free ketogenic diet	Decreases - essentially seizure free	seizure activity	Human	a child with autism and epilepsy	Not specified (dietary intervention).	Autism and dietary therapy: case report and review of the literature.cited 73×
deficient diet in some food groups	Increases - is associated with	parameters of disease activity	Human	RA patients	Not specified	The Relevance of Selenium Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis.cited 23×
low-calorie diet (LCD, 890 kcal/day supplement diet until 15% weight loss, then weight maintenance)	Decreases - larger decreases in AEE were observed	activity energy expenditure (AEE)	Human	nonobese adults at Pennington Biomedical Research Center (PBRC)	Not applicable (study focused on calorie restriction, not Water).	Effect of calorie restriction on the free-living physical activity levels of nonobese humans: results of three randomized trials.cited 55×
MUFA diet vs SFA diet	Decreases - statistically significant difference between	Δ-9 desaturase activity reduction	Human	162 healthy individuals	Not specified (diets contained a high proportion of SFA or MUFA; fish oil or placebo supplements were used).	Fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters reflects dietary fat intake after dietary interventions in a multinational population.cited 1×
MUFA diet	Decreases - more reduced	Δ-9 desaturase activity (palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid (C16:1/C16:0) ratio)	Human	162 healthy individuals	Not specified (diets contained a high proportion of SFA or MUFA; fish oil or placebo supplements were used).	Fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters reflects dietary fat intake after dietary interventions in a multinational population.cited 1×
SFA diet	Decreases - reduced	Δ-9 desaturase activity (palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid (C16:1/C16:0) ratio)	Human	162 healthy individuals	Not specified (diets contained a high proportion of SFA or MUFA; fish oil or placebo supplements were used).	Fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters reflects dietary fat intake after dietary interventions in a multinational population.cited 1×
strict, lifelong, gluten-free diet	No effect - do not respond fully, clinically, or histologically	disease activity	Human	a substantial number of patients	Not specified	How Future Pharmacologic Therapies for Celiac Disease Will Complement the Gluten-Free Diet.cited 15×
diet with moderate protein and energy content, but rich in vitamins, minerals (especially antioxidants), and mono/polyunsaturated fatty acids	Decreases - can promote suppression	inflammatory activity	Human	patients with SLE	Not specified	Diet and nutritional aspects in systemic lupus erythematosus.cited 30×
oxidized soybean oil (OSO) diet	Decreases - reduced significantly	antioxidant enzyme activity in the milk	Animal	sows	Not specified	Effects of oxidized soybean oil on the performance of sows and jejunum health of suckling piglets.cited 4×
oxidized soybean oil (OSO) diet	Decreases - reduced significantly	catalase (CAT) activity	Animal	sows	Not specified	Effects of oxidized soybean oil on the performance of sows and jejunum health of suckling piglets.cited 4×
oxidized soybean oil (OSO) diet	Decreases - reduced significantly	superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity	Animal	sows	Not specified	Effects of oxidized soybean oil on the performance of sows and jejunum health of suckling piglets.cited 4×
oxidized soybean oil (OSO) diet	Decreases - reduced significantly	total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity	Animal	sows	Not specified	Effects of oxidized soybean oil on the performance of sows and jejunum health of suckling piglets.cited 4×
living food, a form of uncooked vegan diet rich in lactobacilli	Decreases - changes	RA activity	Human	RA patients	Not specified (uncooked vegan diet rich in lactobacilli).	Faecal microbial flora and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis during a vegan diet.cited 80×
increasing the peppermint levels in the diet	Increases - showed an incremental trend	soluble protein, alkaline phosphatase, and lysozyme enzyme activity in mucus samples	Animal	—	0 (control), 2, 3, and 4 g/kg peppermint in feed.	Dietary peppermint (Mentha piperita) powder affects growth performance, hematological indices, skin mucosal immune parameters, and expression of growth and stress-related genes in Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus).cited 15×
Chol+F+AI2 diet (50% protein replacement with amaranth protein isolate)	Increases - produced important increments	glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in liver	Animal	Wistar rats	25% or 50% protein replacement with amaranth flour or protein isolate.	Antioxidant effect of amaranth flour or protein isolate incorporated in high-fat diets fed to Wistar rats. Influence of dose and administration duration.cited 2×
Chol+F+AI1 diet (25% protein replacement with amaranth protein isolate)	Increases - produced important increments	glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in liver	Animal	Wistar rats	25% or 50% protein replacement with amaranth flour or protein isolate.	Antioxidant effect of amaranth flour or protein isolate incorporated in high-fat diets fed to Wistar rats. Influence of dose and administration duration.cited 2×
Chol+F+AF2 diet (50% protein replacement with amaranth flour)	Increases - induced an increment	glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in intestinal cells	Animal	Wistar rats	25% or 50% protein replacement with amaranth flour or protein isolate.	Antioxidant effect of amaranth flour or protein isolate incorporated in high-fat diets fed to Wistar rats. Influence of dose and administration duration.cited 2×
Chol+F+AF2 diet (50% protein replacement with amaranth flour)	Increases - produced an increase	glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in liver	Animal	Wistar rats	25% or 50% protein replacement with amaranth flour or protein isolate.	Antioxidant effect of amaranth flour or protein isolate incorporated in high-fat diets fed to Wistar rats. Influence of dose and administration duration.cited 2×
Chol+F+AF2 diet (50% protein replacement with amaranth flour)	Increases - induced an increment	superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in intestinal cells	Animal	Wistar rats	25% or 50% protein replacement with amaranth flour or protein isolate.	Antioxidant effect of amaranth flour or protein isolate incorporated in high-fat diets fed to Wistar rats. Influence of dose and administration duration.cited 2×
an anti-inflammatory diet	No effect - no significant difference	Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28-ESR)	Human	patients with RA	Food equivalent to ∼50% of energy requirements was delivered weekly.	Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis (ADIRA)-a randomized, controlled crossover trial indicating effects on disease activity.cited 93×
an anti-inflammatory diet	Decreases - significantly decreased	Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28-ESR)	Human	patients with RA	Food equivalent to ∼50% of energy requirements was delivered weekly.	Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis (ADIRA)-a randomized, controlled crossover trial indicating effects on disease activity.cited 93×
chronic low-glycemic index (LGI) diet	Decreases - induced a decrease in	plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity	Human	type 2 diabetic men	Not specified (dietary intervention).	Improved plasma glucose control, whole-body glucose utilization, and lipid profile on a low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetic men: a randomized controlled trial.cited 166×
diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)	No effect - did not differ	plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity	Human	Men and women aged 35 to 69 years who were nonsmokers with no chronic illness and not on any medication	Fat intake constituted 20.3% of total energy in the MUFA diet (specific sunflower oil dosage not detailed).	A diet rich in high-oleic-acid sunflower oil favorably alters low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and factor VII coagulant activity.cited 50×
ω-3 LCHF diet	Decreases - inhibiting	NFκBp65 activity	Animal	obese male Swiss mice	Not specified (diet composition varied by lipid type).	Low-carbohydrate diet enriched with omega-3 and omega-9 fatty acids modulates inflammation and lipid metabolism in the liver and white adipose tissue of a mouse model of obesity.
high-oleic peanut intake within a hypoenergetic diet	No effect - remained unchanged	activity of oxidative status markers	Human	overweight men	56 g of high-oleic or conventional peanuts daily	Effects of high-oleic peanuts within a hypoenergetic diet on inflammatory and oxidative status of overweight men: a randomised controlled trial.cited 11×
maternal Western diet (WD)	Decreases - exhibited reduced	OXPHOS activity	Human	offspring	—	Mitochondrial dysfunction characterises the multigenerational effects of maternal obesity on MASLD.
western diet feeding	No effect - before detectable changes	plasma amylase activity	AnimalMolecular	—	Not specified.	Western diet-induced ultrastructural changes in mouse pancreatic acinar cells.cited 1×
low-fat vegan diet	Increases - increased significantly	intake of total vitamin A activity	Human	employees who were either overweight (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) and/or had type 2 diabetes	—	A worksite programme significantly alters nutrient intakes.cited 14×
fast food diet (FFD)	Increases - presented with greater NAFLD activity score (NAS)	NAFLD activity score (NAS)	Animal	C57BL/6 J mice	Not specified (fast food diet composition not detailed).	Partial validation of a six-month high-fat diet and fructose-glucose drink combination as a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.cited 3×
fast food diet (FFD)	Increases - NAS was different	NAFLD activity score (NAS)	Animal	male mice	Not specified (fast food diet composition not detailed).	Partial validation of a six-month high-fat diet and fructose-glucose drink combination as a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.cited 3×
fast food diet (FFD)	Increases - NAS was different	NAFLD activity score (NAS)	Animal	female mice	Not specified (fast food diet composition not detailed).	Partial validation of a six-month high-fat diet and fructose-glucose drink combination as a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.cited 3×
specific carbohydrate diet (SCD)	Decreases - significantly decreased	Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI)	Human	children with Crohn disease (CD)	Not specified (dietary intervention).	Clinical and mucosal improvement with specific carbohydrate diet in pediatric Crohn disease.cited 161×
specific carbohydrate diet (SCD)	Decreases - remained improved	Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI)	Human	children with Crohn disease (CD)	Not specified (dietary intervention).	Clinical and mucosal improvement with specific carbohydrate diet in pediatric Crohn disease.cited 161×
specific carbohydrate diet (SCD)	Decreases - dropped	Pediatric Crohn's Disease activity index (PCDAI)	Human	patients with active Crohn's disease (Pediatric Crohn's Disease activity index [PCDAI] >10)	Not specified	Specific carbohydrate diet for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice within an academic IBD center.cited 121×
specific carbohydrate diet (SCD)	Decreases - dropped	Pediatric Crohn's Disease activity index (PCDAI)	Human	patients with active Crohn's disease (Pediatric Crohn's Disease activity index [PCDAI] >10)	Not specified	Specific carbohydrate diet for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice within an academic IBD center.cited 121×
specific carbohydrate diet (SCD)	Decreases - decreased	Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index	Human	patients with active ulcerative colitis	Not specified	Specific carbohydrate diet for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice within an academic IBD center.cited 121×
specific carbohydrate diet (SCD)	Decreases - decreased	Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index	Human	patients with active ulcerative colitis	Not specified	Specific carbohydrate diet for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice within an academic IBD center.cited 121×
maternal high-fructose diet (HFD)	Increases - Increased	sympathetic vasomotor activity	Molecular	young HFD offspring	—	Anomalous AMPK-regulated angiotensin AT
Selecting foods according to their Total antioxidant capacity such as co-supplemented hemp seed and evening primrose oils with Hot-nature diet	Decreases - can have beneficial effects on improving	activity of liver enzymes	Human	RRMS patients	Not specified	Activity of liver enzymes in multiple sclerosis patients with Hot-nature diet and co-supplemented hemp seed, evening primrose oils intervention.cited 19×
serum from rats fed with low-chlorogenic acid AP enriched with a high-fiber diet	Increases - stimulated	alkaline phosphatase activity of primary preosteoblasts	AnimalMolecular	ex vivo	Not specified	The phenolic acids of Agen prunes (dried plums) or Agen prune juice concentrates do not account for the protective action on bone in a rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.cited 12×
a high-cholesterol-diet	Decreases - attenuated	the anti-cancer activity of doxorubicin	Animal	tumor xenograft mouse model	—	Anti-cancer effect of doxorubicin is mediated by downregulation of HMG-Co A reductase via inhibition of EGFR/Src pathway.
all-plant-based diet	Decreases - were decreased significantly	catalase activity in liver	Animal	blunt snout breams	Not specified	Anti-stress properties and two HSP70s mRNA expressions of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fed with all-plant-based diet.cited 3×
all-plant-based diet	Decreases - were decreased significantly	catalase activity in serum	Animal	blunt snout breams	Not specified	Anti-stress properties and two HSP70s mRNA expressions of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fed with all-plant-based diet.cited 3×
smartphone application-based diet and exercise improvement program	Increases - significantly improved	dietary and physical activity behavior change stages and social support	Human	Japanese men living with HIV who have dyslipidemia	Not specified	Effects of a smartphone app-based diet and physical activity program for men living with HIV who have dyslipidemia: A pilot randomized controlled trial.cited 3×
high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet including condensed milk (39.5%), beef tallow (20%), and fructose (17.5%) together with 25% fructose in drinking water	Increases - increased	plasma activity of liver enzymes	Animal	male Wistar rats (8-9 weeks old)	Diet composition: 39.5% condensed milk, 20% beef tallow, 17.5% fructose, plus 25% fructose in drinking water	High-carbohydrate high-fat diet–induced metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular remodeling in rats.cited 259×
a 4-wk lipogenic diet supplemented with 150 g/d of monosaccharides	Increases - increased	DNL activity index	Human	20 healthy subjects (eight females and 12 males, aged 30.5 ± 2.0 yr, body mass index 25.9 ± 0.5 kg/m(2))	150 g/d of monosaccharides.	High hepatic SCD1 activity is associated with low liver fat content in healthy subjects under a lipogenic diet.cited 57×
a 4-wk lipogenic diet supplemented with 150 g/d of monosaccharides	Increases - increased	SCD1 activity index	Human	20 healthy subjects (eight females and 12 males, aged 30.5 ± 2.0 yr, body mass index 25.9 ± 0.5 kg/m(2))	150 g/d of monosaccharides.	High hepatic SCD1 activity is associated with low liver fat content in healthy subjects under a lipogenic diet.cited 57×
periodized (14 days on/14 days off) 5% low protein-high carbohydrate (pLPHC) diet	No effect - interacts with	concurrent voluntary activity wheel training	Animal	mice	5% low-protein-high-carbohydrate diet (periodized 14 days on/14 days off)	The Gut Microbiome on a Periodized Low-Protein Diet Is Associated With Improved Metabolic Health.cited 14×
HOSO diet	Decreases - lower	Stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity expressed as pmol 7 min-1 g-1 tissue in adipose tissue	Animal	pigs fed HOSO	10 g/100 g of diet (HOSO or beef tallow).	Lipid metabolism in pigs fed beef tallow or high-oleic acid sunflower oil.cited 31×
HOSO diet	Decreases - lower	Stearoyl-CoA desaturase specific activity in adipose tissue	Animal	pigs fed HOSO	10 g/100 g of diet (HOSO or beef tallow).	Lipid metabolism in pigs fed beef tallow or high-oleic acid sunflower oil.cited 31×
FO+E+C diet (FO diet supplemented with vitamins E and C)	Decreases - decrease in the anticancer activity	anticancer activity	Animal	C57BL/6J mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL	FO+E+C diet included basal amounts of vitamin E and supplemented vitamin C (exact dosage not specified).	Suppression of tumor growth and metastasis by dietary fish oil combined with vitamins E and C and cisplatin.cited 51×
nonvegetarian diet	Decreases - significantly decreased	fibrinolytic activity	Human	40 nonvegetarians (NON-VEGs)	Not specified	The influence of a vegetarian diet on haemostatic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Africans.cited 15×
consumption of a diet containing twice the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of protein intake (2RDA) for ten weeks	No effect - unaltered	basal mTORC1 activity	Human	26 older men (70-81 years)	0.8 g/kg/d (RDA) and 1.6 g/kg/d (2RDA).	Regulation of Amino Acid Transporters and Sensors in Response to a High protein Diet: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Elderly Men.cited 5×
diet rich in RS fiber	Decreases - decreased	sympathetic activity	Animal	spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)	Not specified	Protective Effect of Dietary Fiber on Blood Pressure and Vascular Dysfunction Through Regulation of Sympathetic Tone and Immune Response in Genetic Hypertension.
DASH diet with physical activity guidance (DASHPED)	Increases - had an mean increase	physical activity	Human	older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension	Not specified	DASH diet vs. DASH diet plus physical activity in older patients with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure: A randomized clinical trial.cited 2×
Diet and physical activity behavioral counseling interventions	Increases - were associated with small, statistically significant reductions	physical activity	Human	adults without known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors	Not specified	Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.cited 45×
choice of diet versus random assignment to a diet	No effect - were similar	physical activity	Human	—	Not specified	Effect of Allowing Choice of Diet on Weight Loss: A Randomized Trial.cited 38×
low-sodium diet (80 mmol NaCl/d) for 1 week	Increases - significant increase	plasma renin activity	Human	untreated mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients	80 mmol NaCl per day.	Short- and long-term neuroadrenergic effects of moderate dietary sodium restriction in essential hypertension.cited 112×
8-week isocaloric diet supplemented with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) in the form of fish oil	No effect - did not influence	Lp-PLA(2) activity or mass	Human	healthy adults ages 50 years and older	~11 g/day of flaxseed oil capsules.	Omega-3 fatty acids and lipoprotein associated phospholipase A(2) in healthy older adult males and females.cited 24×
8-week isocaloric diet supplemented with α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the form of flaxseed oil	No effect - did not influence	Lp-PLA(2) activity or mass	Human	healthy adults ages 50 years and older	~11 g/day of flaxseed oil capsules.	Omega-3 fatty acids and lipoprotein associated phospholipase A(2) in healthy older adult males and females.cited 24×
Mediterranean diet (MD)	Decreases - effective in reducing	disease activity	Human	patients with mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis (UC)	1600 mg/day of curcumin supplementation.	Effects of Mediterranean Diet, Curcumin, and Resveratrol on Mild-to-Moderate Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 4×
Mediterranean diet	Decreases - produced a lower postprandial	GPx activity	Human	elderly population	Not specified	Postprandial antioxidant effect of the Mediterranean diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 in elderly men and women.cited 40×
Mediterranean diet (MedDiet)	Increases - improved significantly	physical activity	Human	adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Ireland	Not specified	Effects of a telehealth-delivered Mediterranean diet intervention in adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis (MEDRA): a randomised controlled trial.cited 4×
Mediterranean Diet	Increases - increased	plasma total antioxidant activity	Human	—	Not specified	Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on Athletic Performance, Muscle Strength, Body Composition, and Antioxidant Markers in Both Athletes and Non-Professional Athletes: A Systematic Review of Intervention Trials.cited 3×
Mediterranean diet	Increases - demonstrated improvements	some RA disease activity measures	Human	human participants	High doses (specific amount not mentioned).	Rheumatoid arthritis and dietary interventions: systematic review of clinical trials.cited 63×
diet-induced weight loss	Increases - greater likelihood of achieving	minimal PsA activity	Human	obese individuals	Not specified	Does weight loss reduce the severity and incidence of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis? A Critically Appraised Topic.cited 59×
Diet coupled with exercise	Increases - may improve	histologic components of the NAFLD activity score	Human	—	Not specified	Lifestyle and Dietary Interventions in the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.cited 86×
diet micronutrient supplementation	Increases - resulted in increase in	telomerase activity	HumanMolecular	—	Not specified	Telomerase activity and its association with psychological stress, mental disorders, lifestyle factors and interventions: A systematic review.cited 50×
ketogenic diet (KD), every other day fasting (EODF), every other day ketogenic diet (EODKD)	Decreases - inhibited	HDAC activity	Animal	male Sprague-Dawley rats	—	Ketogenic Metabolism Inhibits Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) and Reduces Oxidative Stress After Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.
HRHT diet (3% RPG and 15 g/d TAU)	Increases - was higher	activity of GSH-PX	Human	yaks at day 10 after transport	5 g/d (low) and 15 g/d (high) taurine, combined with 1% or 3% rumen-protected glucose (RPG).	Effects of dietary rumen-protected glucose level and taurine supplementation on weight change and oxidative stress state of yaks after transport.cited 1×
MIND diet	Decreases - may decrease	disease activity	Human	—	Not specified	Association between Mediterranean-dietary approaches to stop hypertension intervention for neurodegenerative delay diet and biomarkers of oxidative stress, metabolic factors, disease severity, and odds of disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients.cited 5×
yacon-containing diet	Decreases - suppressed	myeloperoxidase activity after 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid treatment	Animal	mice	Not specified	Dietary intake of yacon roots (Smallanthus sonchifolius) affects gut microbiota and fecal mucin and prevents intestinal inflammation in mice.cited 6×
Mediterranean diet and exercise	Decreases - have positive effects on	PsA activity	Human	patients with PsA and psoriasis	Not specified	Mediterranean diet and exercise are associated with better disease control in psoriatic arthritis.cited 7×
overfeeding with a high-fat diet (3180 kJ/d)	Decreases - reduced	deacetylase activity of the sirtuins	Human	healthy men	3180 kJ/day (high-fat diet)	Regulation of energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle during lipid overfeeding in healthy men.cited 28×
high-protein/glucose-free diet (GFD)	Decreases - decreased	phosphofructokinase activity	Animal	mouse model of GSDIII	Not specified.	Glucose-free/high-protein diet improves hepatomegaly and exercise intolerance in glycogen storage disease type III mice.cited 5×
high-protein/glucose-free diet (GFD)	Decreases - decreased	pyruvate kinase activity	Animal	mouse model of GSDIII	Not specified.	Glucose-free/high-protein diet improves hepatomegaly and exercise intolerance in glycogen storage disease type III mice.cited 5×
omega-3 EFA diet (0.4g/kg/day) for 30 days	Increases - higher values	t-SOD enzyme activity	Animal	rats	0.4g/kg/day	Potential role of dietary omega-3 essential fatty acids on some oxidant/antioxidant parameters in rats' corpus striatum.cited 91×
interventions combining exercise and diet	Decreases - improvement	NAFLD activity score	Human	NAFLD patients	—	Effects of lifestyle interventions on clinical characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis.cited 184×
supplementing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in breeder hens diet	Decreases - significant reduction of	acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzyme activity	Animal	chick offspring	—	Supplementing conjugated linoleic acid in breeder hens diet increased conjugated linoleic acid incorporation in liver and alters hepatic lipid metabolism in chick offspring.cited 3×
supplementing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in breeder hens diet	Increases - increased	carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) enzyme activity	Animal	chick offspring	—	Supplementing conjugated linoleic acid in breeder hens diet increased conjugated linoleic acid incorporation in liver and alters hepatic lipid metabolism in chick offspring.cited 3×
supplementing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in breeder hens diet	Decreases - significant reduction of	fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzyme activity	Animal	chick offspring	—	Supplementing conjugated linoleic acid in breeder hens diet increased conjugated linoleic acid incorporation in liver and alters hepatic lipid metabolism in chick offspring.cited 3×
diet rich in kernel-based barley products, brown beans and chickpeas (D1, diet 1 (functional diet))	Increases - increased	colonic fermentative activity	Human	forty-six overweight women (50-72 years, BMI 25-33 kg/m² and normal fasting glycaemia)	82 g/d chickpeas (as part of D1).	Combining functional features of whole-grain barley and legumes for dietary reduction of cardiometabolic risk: a randomised cross-over intervention in mature women.cited 36×
high-fat and high-protein diet (HFHPD) combined with a gavage of vegetable oil	Decreases - decreased significantly	lactase activity of intestinal mucosa	Animal	mice with diarrhea	BPD was administered at 6.63 g·kg-1d-1, twice daily.	Baohe pill decoction treats diarrhea induced by high-fat and high-protein diet by regulating lactase-producing bacteria in intestinal mucosa.cited 6×
high-fat and high-protein diet (HFHPD) combined with a gavage of vegetable oil	Decreases - decreased significantly	microbial activity of intestinal mucosa	Animal	mice with diarrhea	BPD was administered at 6.63 g·kg-1d-1, twice daily.	Baohe pill decoction treats diarrhea induced by high-fat and high-protein diet by regulating lactase-producing bacteria in intestinal mucosa.cited 6×
behavioral counseling interventions to improve diet and increase physical activity	No effect - mixed findings and a more limited evidence base	physical activity	Human	people with elevated blood pressure or lipid levels	Median of 6 contact hours and 12 sessions over 12 months (varied by low, medium, or high contact time).	Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.cited 86×
chronic ischemia induced by arterial injury and a high-fat diet	Increases - result in increased	afferent activity	Human	animal models	Not specified	Chronic Pelvic Ischemia: Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS): A New Target for Pharmacological Treatment?cited 29×
adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD)	No effect - significant association	physical activity (PA)	Human	adult Lebanese CD patients aged between 18 and 59 years old	Not specified	Assessment of the social quality of life and the physical activity of adult celiac disease patients following a gluten-free diet in Lebanon.cited 1×
diets with increasing the levels of ethanolic extracts of Ulva sp. and garlic powder up to 2.0 g UE/kg diet and 6 g GPE/kg diet	Increases - significant increases in	serum total protein, acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase, lysosomal enzyme activity, phenoloxidase activity and superoxide dismutase activity	Molecular	white-leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei	—	Nutritional Innovation Using Green Seaweed (Ulva sp.) and Garlic Powder Extracts for White-Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Challenged by Vibrio harveyi.
low protein-low methionine (LP-L) diet (Lys/Met ratio of 1)	Increases - showed higher levels	Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity	Animal	weaned Tibetan sheep	Not specified (dietary ratios of 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1 Lys/Met in 10% crude protein diet).	Different lysine-to-methionine ratios in a low-protein diet affect the microbiome and metabolome, influencing the jejunal barrier function in Tibetan sheep.
overfeeding a high-fat diet (140% caloric intake, 44% from fat) for 8 weeks	Decreases - resulted in inhibition of	Akt activity	Human	twenty-nine males	140% caloric intake (44% from fat)	Intramyocellular Lipid Droplet Size Rather Than Total Lipid Content is Related to Insulin Sensitivity After 8 Weeks of Overfeeding.cited 25×
surplus of macronutrients such as in a high-fat diet	No effect - can affect	activity of DNA methyltransferases and histone-modifying enzymes	HumanMolecular	—	Not specified	Nutriepigenetics and cardiovascular disease.cited 33×
low-AGE diet	Increases - significantly increased	glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity	Human	elderly T2DM patients with DKD	Not specified	Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products in an Elderly Population with Diabetic Nephropathy: An Exploratory Investigation.cited 12×
low-AGE diet	Increases - significantly increased	superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity	Human	elderly T2DM patients with DKD	Not specified	Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products in an Elderly Population with Diabetic Nephropathy: An Exploratory Investigation.cited 12×

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