A short-term increase in dietary cholesterol and fat intake affects high-density lipoprotein composition in healthy subjects.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine whether a short-term high-cholesterol/high-fat diet alters HDL composition and function in healthy humans.
Results Summary
The study found that a high-cholesterol/high-fat diet significantly increased HDL lipid hydroperoxide content (15-HETE, 5-HETE, 13-HODE) and SAA levels, markers of dysfunctional HDL, while PON-1 activity remained unaffected.
Population
14 healthy young volunteers
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
14 days per diet (low-cholesterol/low-fat and high-cholesterol/high-fat)
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (HChF) | increase | HDL concentrations of 15-HETE | healthy young volunteers | +254% | significantly higher | #1 |
high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (HChF) | increase | HDL concentrations of 5-HETE | healthy young volunteers | +116% | significantly higher | #2 |
high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (HChF) | increase | HDL concentrations of 13-HODE | healthy young volunteers | +102% | significantly higher | #3 |
high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (HChF) | increase | SAA levels | healthy young volunteers | +75% | significantly higher | #4 |
high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (HChF) | increase | haptoglobin | healthy young volunteers | +32% | marginally increased | #5 |
high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (HChF) | no change | PON-1 activity | healthy young volunteers | -16% | unaffected | #6 |
short-term elevation in dietary cholesterol and fat intake | increase | HDL lipid hydroperoxide content (15-HETE, 5-HETE, 13-HODE) | healthy subjects | - | increases | #7 |
short-term elevation in dietary cholesterol and fat intake | increase | SAA levels | healthy subjects | - | increases | #8 |
physiologic manipulation of dietary cholesterol and fat intake | neutral | HDL lipidome and proteome | healthy subjects | - | affects | #9 |
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: High-cholesterol and high-fat diets alter biochemical composition and anti-oxidant properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in animals. Whether this occurs in humans is unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of a short-term elevation in dietary cholesterol and fat intake on HDL composition in healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a randomized, crossover clinical trial, 14 healthy young volunteers followed a 14-day low-cholesterol/low-fat diet (LChF) and a 14-day isocaloric high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (HChF) in a random order. After each diet, we measured HDL concentrations of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODE), and haptoglobin, as well as serum amyloid A (SAA) and paroxonase-1 activity (PON-1). HDL concentrations of 15-HETE (+254%, p = 0.002), 5-HETE (+116%, p = 0.004), 13-HODE (+102%, p = 0.049), and SAA levels (+75%, p = 0.007) were significantly higher after the HChF than after the LChF. Furthermore, haptoglobin was marginally increased (+32%, p = 0.091) while PON-1 activity was unaffected (-16%, p = 0.366) by the HChF. CONCLUSION: In healthy subjects, a short-term elevation in dietary cholesterol and fat intake increases HDL lipid hydroperoxide content (15-HETE, 5-HETE, 13-HODE) and SAA levels, which are key features of dysfunctional HDL. This is the first study showing that a physiologic manipulation of dietary cholesterol and fat intake affects HDL lipidome and proteome in healthy subjects independently of weight changes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02549144.