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Evidence suggests Ketogenic Diet maydecreaseDepression symptoms.
54 studies (65 claims)
Moderate consensus
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| almond-based low carbohydrate diet (a-LCD) | Decreases - significantly improved | depression | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) | Not specified | An Almond-Based Low Carbohydrate Diet Improves Depression and Glycometabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes through Modulating Gut Microbiota and GLP-1: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 79× |
| educational group-based sessions on how to prepare a Mediterranean-type of healthy diet and how to adhere to the principles of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy | No effect | self-reported depression symptoms | Human | female and male students at Makerere University who score above a predefined threshold on a self-reported assessment of depressive symptoms | Not specified | A pragmatic randomized trial to examine the effect of combining healthy diet with mindfulness cognitive therapy to reduce depressive symptoms among university students in a low-resource setting: protocol for the NutriMind Project. |
| low-FODMAP diet plus a probiotic supplement (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) | Decreases - decreased significantly | depression scores | Human | female IBS patients between the ages of 20 and 55 | Not specified (probiotic strain: Lactobacillus rhamnosus). | Evaluation of the effects of the FODMAP diet and probiotics on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, quality of life and depression in women with IBS.cited 5× |
| low-FODMAP diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | depression scores | Human | female IBS patients between the ages of 20 and 55 | Not specified (probiotic strain: Lactobacillus rhamnosus). | Evaluation of the effects of the FODMAP diet and probiotics on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, quality of life and depression in women with IBS.cited 5× |
| usual, normal protein diet | Decreases - significant improvement | depression score | Human | — | Fat intake ≤30% of energy intake; protein intake 15-20% of calorie intake in some subgroups. | Effect of Low-Fat Diet on Depression Score in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.cited 1× |
| LF diet | Decreases - improved | depression score | Human | participants without baseline depression | Fat intake ≤30% of energy intake; protein intake 15-20% of calorie intake in some subgroups. | Effect of Low-Fat Diet on Depression Score in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.cited 1× |
| LF diet | Decreases - small beneficial effect | depression score | Human | mentally healthy participants | Fat intake ≤30% of energy intake; protein intake 15-20% of calorie intake in some subgroups. | Effect of Low-Fat Diet on Depression Score in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.cited 1× |
| LF, normal protein diet | Decreases - significant improvement | depression score | Human | — | Fat intake ≤30% of energy intake; protein intake 15-20% of calorie intake in some subgroups. | Effect of Low-Fat Diet on Depression Score in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.cited 1× |
| low-fat (LF) diet | No effect - no significant change | depression score | Human | adults | Fat intake ≤30% of energy intake; protein intake 15-20% of calorie intake in some subgroups. | Effect of Low-Fat Diet on Depression Score in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.cited 1× |
| anti-inflammatory diet | Decreases - may be an effective intervention or preventative means of reducing | depression risk and symptoms | Human | — | Not specified | An anti-inflammatory diet as a potential intervention for depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 129× |
| pro-inflammatory diet | Increases - significant association with increased risk | risk of depression diagnosis or symptoms | Human | 101,950 participants (age range: 16-72 years old) | Not specified | An anti-inflammatory diet as a potential intervention for depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 129× |
| whole food or whole diet interventions | Decreases - found positive outcomes | depression levels | Human | adults | Not specified. | Depression, Is It Treatable in Adults Utilising Dietary Interventions? A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.cited 17× |
| higher World Health Organization Healthy Diet Indicator (WHO-HDI) | Decreases - 19% lower risk | clinical depression diagnosis | Human | 4789 participants | Not specified | Association between different diet quality scores and depression risk: the REGICOR population-based cohort study.cited 3× |
| adherence to a healthy diet | Decreases - significant inverse association | depression incidence | Human | population-based cohort study participants | Not specified | Association between different diet quality scores and depression risk: the REGICOR population-based cohort study.cited 3× |
| high adherence to the MIND diet | Decreases - was prospectively associated with | clinically relevant depression | Human | adolescents | Not specified | Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and trajectories of depressive symptomatology in youth. |
| Mediterranean diet pattern | Decreases - can reduce | risk and symptoms of depression | Human | adolescents | Not specified | The Mediterranean Diet and the Western Diet in Adolescent Depression-Current Reports.cited 29× |
| low-calorie diet with increased protein percentage | Decreases - had significantly lower | depression and anxiety scores | Human | obese individuals | Not specified (only mentions "increased protein percentage" without exact amounts). | The effect of a low-calorie, high-protein diet on psychometric variables in obese individuals: a Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 2× |
| Diet enriched with alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-lac) | Decreases - exhibited anxiolytic and antidepressive activities | anxiety and depression-like status | Animal | male C57BL/6J mice | 17% (w/w) of the experimental diet. | The effects of native whey and α-lactalbumin on the social and individual behaviour of C57BL/6J mice.cited 14× |
| low calorie MIND diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | depression scores | Human | women with PCOS | Not specified (low-calorie MIND diet). | The effects of MIND diet on depression, anxiety, quality of life and metabolic and hormonal status in obese or overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomised clinical trial.cited 3× |
| maternal high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation | Increases - induces | depression-like phenotype | Animal | rat offspring | Not specified (60% energy from fat in maternal diet; omega-3 diet composition not detailed). | Dietary Intervention with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Mitigates Maternal High-Fat Diet-Induced Behavioral and Myelin-Related Alterations in Adult Offspring. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - aggravates | anxiety and depression-like behaviors and learning and memory deficits induced by CRS | AnimalMolecular | Male C57BL/6 mice | Not specified (8-week high-fat diet intervention). | High-fat diet and chronic restraint stress exacerbate anxiety-depressive behaviors via astrocytic A1 phenotype transformation. |
| standardised approach to patient education about cardiovascular risk factors, PA and a healthy diet | No effect - evaluates the effect | depression | Human | patients with SCI within the previous 12 months admitted to highly specialised rehabilitation | Not specified | Health promotion and cardiovascular risk reduction in people with spinal cord injury: physical activity, healthy diet and maintenance after discharge- protocol for a prospective national cohort study and a preintervention- postintervention study.cited 9× |
| low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet | No effect - no differences were recorded | clinical depression | Human | IBS patients | Not specified | Group education on the low FODMAP diet improves gastrointestinal symptoms but neither anxiety or depression in irritable bowel syndrome.cited 17× |
| a modified ketogenic diet | No effect - no statistically significant changes | Beck Depression Inventory | Human | euthymic participants | Not specified (modified ketogenic diet). | A pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder: clinical, metabolic and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings.cited 1× |
| better diet quality (Australian Recommended Food Score) | Decreases - reported reduced | general depression and bipolar depression symptoms | Human | participants | Not specified | Diet quality, dietary inflammatory index and body mass index as predictors of response to adjunctivecited 9× |
| diet | Decreases - showed improvements | depression scores | Human | SAD patients | Not specified | Lifestyle modification as intervention for seasonal affective disorder: A systematic review. |
| diet | No effect - relationship between | risk of depression | Human | — | Not specified | Is diet important in bipolar disorder?cited 11× |
| changes in diet | Increases - improve | Depression | Human | — | Not specified | Metabolic syndrome improvement in depression six months after prescribing simple hygienic-dietary recommendations.cited 8× |
| Wahls diet | Decreases - Significant improvement | severity of depression (HADS-D) symptoms | Human | participants with RRMS | Not specified | Association of serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin Bcited 6× |
| Swank diet | Decreases - Significant improvement | severity of depression (HADS-D) symptoms | Human | participants with RRMS | Not specified | Association of serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin Bcited 6× |
| high-protein diet | Decreases - improved depression | depression | Human | women with PCOS | Not specified | Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review to inform evidence-based guidelines.cited 143× |
| ketogenic diet | Increases - potential as a metabolic mood enhancing intervention | depression treatment | Human | — | Not specified (dietitian counseling and ketogenic meal provision). | KETO-MOOD: Ketogenic Diet for Microbiome Optimization and Overcoming Depression - A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 2× |
| gluten-free diet | Decreases - significant deterioration | Beck Depression Inventory score | Human | newly diagnosed adult celiac disease patients | Not specified | Long-term deterioration of quality of life in adult patients with celiac disease is associated with treatment noncompliance.cited 91× |
| gluten-free diet | Decreases - significantly alleviated | depression | Human | mild enteropathy group | Not specified | Gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life and bone mineral density in mild enteropathic coeliac disease: a prospective clinical trial.cited 57× |
| gluten-free diet | No effect - variations | depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) | Human | patients with axial spondyloarthritis | Experimental arm: ≥6 gluten-free breads/day + 200g gluten-free penne pasta/week + 6 rice flavor capsules/day. Control arm: ≥6 gluten-containing breads/day + 200g gluten-containing penne pasta/week + 6 vital gluten-containing capsules/day. | GlutenSpA trial: protocol for a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the impact of a gluten-free diet on quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.cited 10× |
| n-3 fatty acids in the diet | Decreases - beneficial effects of | depression | HumanAnimal | depressive patients | Not available | Roles of multiple lipid mediators in stress and depression.cited 42× |
| Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) | Decreases - significant improvement | depression | Human | MAD group | Not specified (Modified Atkins Diet protocol used). | The impact of ketogenic diet on the frequency of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): A feasibility randomized pilot study.cited 1× |
| Modified Atkins Diet (MAD) | Decreases - may reduce | symptoms of depression | Human | patients with PNES | Not specified (Modified Atkins Diet protocol used). | The impact of ketogenic diet on the frequency of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): A feasibility randomized pilot study.cited 1× |
| low-calorie diet | No effect - was not significantly reduced | depression score | Human | adults with grades 1 to 3 of NAFLD | 500 cc milk kefir drink daily. | Milk kefir drink may not reduce depression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: secondary outcome analysis of a randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial.cited 6× |
| low-calorie diet along with a 500 cc milk kefir drink daily | Decreases - showed a significant reduction | depression | Human | adults with grades 1 to 3 of NAFLD | 500 cc milk kefir drink daily. | Milk kefir drink may not reduce depression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: secondary outcome analysis of a randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial.cited 6× |
| a gluten-free diet (GFD) | Decreases - had a greater reduction | depression score | Human | HLA-DQ2/8-positive subjects | Not specified (dietitian-led GFD). | Efficacy of a Gluten-Free Diet in Subjects With Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Diarrhea Unaware of Their HLA-DQ2/8 Genotype.cited 83× |
| a gluten-free diet (GFD) | Decreases - had marked mean improvements | hospital anxiety and depression scores | Human | both groups | Not specified (dietitian-led GFD). | Efficacy of a Gluten-Free Diet in Subjects With Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Diarrhea Unaware of Their HLA-DQ2/8 Genotype.cited 83× |
| vegan diet | Decreases - significant decrease | depression scores | Human | participants (n = 430) self-selected or medically referred to a residential lifestyle program at the Black Hills Health & Education Center (BHHEC) | — | Examining Real-World Evidence of Depression-Related Symptom Reduction Through a Comprehensive Holistic Lifestyle Intervention. |
| maintaining a rich EPA diet | No effect - may play a role in | depression prevention and treatment | Human | — | Not specified (assessed through dietary evaluation). | Association between eicosapentaenoic acid consumption and the risk of depressive symptoms in US adults: Analyses from NHANES 2005-2018.cited 5× |
| conventional nutritional therapy according to the recommendations of the German Nutrition Society including the low-FODMAP diet | No effect - no significant group differences | anxiety and depression (HADS) | Human | patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | Not specified (conventional nutritional therapy followed German Nutrition Society recommendations, including low-FODMAP diet). | Ayurvedic vs. Conventional Nutritional Therapy Including Low-FODMAP Diet for Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome-A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 5× |
| the ketogenic diet (KD) | Decreases - indicate potential benefits such as | reduced depression severity | Human | human participants | Not specified | Perspectives on the Ketogenic Diet as a Non-pharmacological Intervention For Major Depressive Disorder. |
| diet quality | Increases - is associated with | depression risk | Human | — | Not specified | Is dairy consumption associated with depressive symptoms or disorders in adults? A systematic review of observational studies.cited 22× |
| MIND low-calorie diet | Increases - significant improvement | depression | Human | type 2 diabetic women with insomnia | Not specified (low-calorie MIND diet vs. low-calorie diet as control). | The effect of MIND diet on sleep status, mental health, and serum level of BDNF in overweight/obese diabetic women with insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. |
| low-FODMAP combined gluten-free diet (LF-GFD) | Decreases - reduces | anxiety and depression | Human | individuals diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome | Not specified | Efficacy and Safety of a Low-FODMAP Diet in Combination with a Gluten-Free Diet for Adult Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 1× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - had lower scores of depression | depression | Human | women with migraine | The DASH diet provided 15-20% of total daily energy from proteins, 25-30% from fats, and 55-60% from carbohydrates. | Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on clinical, quality of life and mental health outcomes in women with migraine: a randomised controlled trial.cited 15× |
| Mediterranean diet | Increases - Improvements in | depression | Human | — | Not specified | Nutritional Barriers to the Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Non-Mediterranean Populations.cited 7× |
| Mediterranean diet | Decreases - was associated with reduced | depression risk | Human | 15,980 adults initially free of depression | Not specified | Does the MIND diet decrease depression risk? A comparison with Mediterranean diet in the SUN cohort.cited 52× |
| MIND diet | No effect - found no association | incident depression | Human | 15,980 adults initially free of depression | Not specified | Does the MIND diet decrease depression risk? A comparison with Mediterranean diet in the SUN cohort.cited 52× |
| taurine-supplemented diet (22.5 mmol/kg diet) | Decreases - had an antidepressant-like effect | depression-like behavior | Animal | mice | 22.5 mmol/kg diet | The impact of taurine- and beta-alanine-supplemented diets on behavioral and neurochemical parameters in mice: antidepressant versus anxiolytic-like effects.cited 69× |
| highest quartile of MIND diet | Decreases - exhibited significantly lower risks | depression | Human | participants from the PERSIAN Organizational Cohort Study in Mashhad (POCM) | Not specified | Nourishing the mind: how the EAT-Lancet reference diet (ELD) and MIND diet impact stress, anxiety, and depression.cited 2× |
| MIND diet | Decreases - was associated with reduced odds | depression | Human | — | Not specified | Nourishing the mind: how the EAT-Lancet reference diet (ELD) and MIND diet impact stress, anxiety, and depression.cited 2× |
| A low FODMAP diet (LFD) | No effect - not in the anxiety and depression state | anxiety and depression state | Human | IBS patients | Not specified | Effects of a low FODMAP diet on the symptom management of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic umbrella review with the meta-analysis of clinical trials.cited 6× |
| A low-FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) diet (LFD) | Decreases - improving | depression | Human | IBS patients | Not specified | A Low-FODMAP Diet for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Some Answers to the Doubts from a Long-Term Follow-Up.cited 40× |
| MIND diet | Decreases - had significantly lower odds of | depression | Human | a large sample of the Iranian adult population | Not specified (dietary intake assessed via FFQ). | The relation between MIND diet with psychological disorders and psychological stress among Iranian adults.cited 14× |
| diet only (low-carbohydrate and reduced energy diet) | Decreases - significant decrease | depression | Human | 45 obese patients | 30 g of carob/day (prebiotics), one tablet/day (probiotics). | A clinical trial about effects of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on weight loss, psychological profile and metabolic parameters in obese subjects.cited 20× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Decreases - showed improvements in | depression | Human | adults with acquired limb loss | Not specified (only described as a "low-carbohydrate diet"). | Investigation of the Impact of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on The Chronic Pain Experience Among Adults with an Acquired Limb Loss: A Pilot Study. |
| low carbohydrate diet | No effect - did not show any significant association | depression | Human | patients without a mood disorder | Not specified (carbohydrate intake varied, with one subgroup at <26%). | Effect of low-carbohydrate diet on depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.cited 13× |
| low carbohydrate diet | No effect - did not demonstrate significant association | depression and anxiety | Human | — | Not specified (carbohydrate intake varied, with one subgroup at <26%). | Effect of low-carbohydrate diet on depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.cited 13× |
| Cafeteria diet (CD) | Increases - leads to | depression | Animal | — | 10, 20, 40 mg/kg | Pterostilbene alleviates cafeteria diet-induced obesity and underlying depression in adolescent male Swiss albino mice and affects insulin resistance, inflammation, HPA axis dysfunction and SIRT1 mediated leptin-ghrelin signaling.cited 4× |
| Cafeteria diet (CD) | Increases - confirmed | depression | Animal | CD fed mice | 10, 20, 40 mg/kg | Pterostilbene alleviates cafeteria diet-induced obesity and underlying depression in adolescent male Swiss albino mice and affects insulin resistance, inflammation, HPA axis dysfunction and SIRT1 mediated leptin-ghrelin signaling.cited 4× |
| low-FODMAP diet | Decreases - significant reduction | depression | Human | IBS patients | Not specified | Low-FODMAP Diet Is Associated With Improved Quality of Life in IBS Patients-A Prospective Observational Study.cited 21× |
| augmenting diet with additional sources of omega-3, such as fish oil (FO) | Decreases - has been linked to a reduced risk of | preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, and perinatal depression | Human | pregnant women | High-dose fish oil (specific amount not stated). | The supplementation of a high dose of fish oil during pregnancy and lactation led to an elevation in Mfsd2a expression without any changes in docosahexaenoic acid levels in the retina of healthy 2-month-old mouse offspring. |