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Evidence suggests Resistance Training mayincreaseImmune function.
57 studies (73 claims)
Moderate consensus
Typical effective dose 25050 (12575–37525) mgacross 2 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| resistance training with dietary treatments | Increases - increased | physical function | Human | healthy older adults | High dairy protein (HP-D) >1.2 g/kg body weight/day (~27 g/day dairy protein), delivered at each main meal or post-resistance training. | Muscle strength gains during resistance exercise training are attenuated with soy compared with dairy or usual protein intake in older adults: A randomized controlled trial.cited 35× |
| Resistance training with or without beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate | Increases - improves | physical function | Human | medical ICU patients | HMB group received 3 g/day of HMBCa. | Effects of a multilevel intervention of resistance training with or without beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate in medical ICU patients during entire hospitalisation: a four-arm multicentre randomised controlled trial.cited 13× |
| adding both aerobic endurance training and resistance training to caloric restriction | Increases - results in the greatest improvement | overall physical function | Human | older adults with obesity | Not specified | Therapeutic and lifestyle approaches to obesity in older persons.cited 10× |
| nonlinear resistance training with curcumin supplementation | Increases - could significantly improve | liver function | Human | obese older women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | Not specified (referred to as a "daily curcumin capsule"). | Effects of non-linear resistance training and curcumin supplementation on the liver biochemical markers levels and structure in older women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.cited 35× |
| nonlinear resistance training | Increases - could significantly improve | liver function | Human | obese older women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | Not specified (referred to as a "daily curcumin capsule"). | Effects of non-linear resistance training and curcumin supplementation on the liver biochemical markers levels and structure in older women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.cited 35× |
| Resistance training (RT) or resistance exercise rehabilitation (RER) | Decreases - may have benefits | physiological function and mortality | Human | elderly HFpEF patients with sarcopenia | Not specified (daily WPS mentioned but no dosage details provided). | Impact of resistance exercise rehabilitation and whey protein supplementation in elderly patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with sarcopenia: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.cited 2× |
| ballistic resistance training | No effect - no differences in the perceived improvements | physical function and psychological well-being | Human | postmenopausal women | 2 sessions per week | Feasibility of ballistic vs conventional resistance training in healthy postmenopausal women: A three-arm parallel randomised controlled trial. |
| conventional resistance training | No effect - no differences in the perceived improvements | physical function and psychological well-being | Human | postmenopausal women | 2 sessions per week | Feasibility of ballistic vs conventional resistance training in healthy postmenopausal women: A three-arm parallel randomised controlled trial. |
| strength-resistance training | Increases - significantly beneficial effects | anthropometric and muscle function parameters | Human | — | More than two sessions per week (frequency mentioned, but exact dosage not specified). | Effects of physical exercise in sarcopenia. A systematic review.cited 22× |
| strength-resistance training combined in multimodal programs with aerobic exercise | Increases - significantly beneficial effects | anthropometric and muscle function parameters | Human | — | More than two sessions per week (frequency mentioned, but exact dosage not specified). | Effects of physical exercise in sarcopenia. A systematic review.cited 22× |
| placebo supplementation following resistance training | Increases - improvements in | physical function | Human | 28 participants | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Supplementation on Physical Function in Post-Hospitalized Older Adults Participating in 12-Weeks of Resistance Training Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 33× |
| protein supplementation following resistance training | Increases - improvements in | physical function | Human | 28 participants | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Supplementation on Physical Function in Post-Hospitalized Older Adults Participating in 12-Weeks of Resistance Training Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 33× |
| resistance training | Increases - improvements in | physical function | Human | 28 participants | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Supplementation on Physical Function in Post-Hospitalized Older Adults Participating in 12-Weeks of Resistance Training Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 33× |
| Progressive resistance training (PRT) and adequate dietary protein | Increases - have the potential to improve | brain function | Human | — | — | The effects of a protein enriched diet with lean red meat combined with a multi-modal exercise program on muscle and cognitive health and function in older adults: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.cited 29× |
| Progressive resistance training (PRT) and adequate dietary protein | Increases - are recognised as important contributors to the maintenance | muscle health and function | Human | older adults | — | The effects of a protein enriched diet with lean red meat combined with a multi-modal exercise program on muscle and cognitive health and function in older adults: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.cited 29× |
| leucine-enriched amino acid supplementation and low-intensity resistance training | Increases - increased | muscle mass, strength, and physical function | Human | post-stroke patients with sarcopenia | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of a leucine-enriched amino acid supplement on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function in post-stroke patients with sarcopenia: A randomized controlled trial.cited 130× |
| Resistance training (RT) combined with whey protein supplementation | Increases - potentially in improving | the patients' physical function | Human | patients in the late postoperative period of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) | Whey protein supplementation (specific dosage not mentioned). | Effects of Resistance Training With or Without Protein Supplementation on Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Patients 2-7 Years PostRoux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: a Controlled Clinical Trial.cited 14× |
| single-limb, high-repetitive, resistance training with elastic bands, three times/week for 8 weeks | Increases - may increase | limb muscle function and functional exercise capacity | Human | patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Three times/week for 8 weeks (using elastic bands). | Muscular and functional effects of partitioning exercising muscle mass in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.cited 6× |
| whey protein (WP) supplementation associated with resistance training (RT) | No effect - showed no alteration | renal function | Human | older adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) | 20 g per session, twice weekly. | The Influence of Whey Protein on Muscle Strength, Glycemic Control and Functional Tasks in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Resistance Exercise Program: Randomized and Triple Blind Clinical Trial.cited 9× |
| comprehensive treatment programs emphasizing adequate protein and micronutrient intakes, as well as resistance training | Increases - should participate in | preservation of muscle mass and function | Human | all patients receiving IMDs for obesity | — | Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin-mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity. |
| concurrent physical activity, especially resistance training | Decreases - has been shown to effectively minimize loss of muscle mass and function | loss of muscle mass and function | Human | patients during weight reduction therapy | — | Strategies for minimizing muscle loss during use of incretin-mimetic drugs for treatment of obesity. |
| low-volume, remotely supervised resistance training protocol | No effect - remained stable | physical function | Human | frail older adults attending daycare centers | 10-minute sessions, three times weekly. | Low-volume resistance training: a feasible, cost-effective strategy for musculoskeletal frailty in older adults attending daycare centers. |
| creatine supplementation after supervised resistance training | No effect - no change | kidney function | Human | healthy older adults | 0.1g/kg creatine before or after training, 3 days/week. | Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 25× |
| creatine supplementation before supervised resistance training | No effect - no change | kidney function | Human | healthy older adults | 0.1g/kg creatine before or after training, 3 days/week. | Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 25× |
| programs combining aerobic and resistance training with nutritional supplementation | Increases - improvements in physical function were reported in | physical function | Human | — | Not specified | Exercise alone or combined with dietary supplements for sarcopenic obesity in community-dwelling older people: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.cited 37× |
| circuit resistance training (CRT) | No effect - effect | body composition and physical function | Human | — | Not specified for dairy (diet involved limited consumption). | The effect of circuit resistance training, empagliflozin or "vegeterranean diet" on physical and metabolic function in older subjects with type 2 diabetes: a study protocol for a randomized control trial (CEV-65 trial).cited 15× |
| circuit resistance training (CRT) | No effect - assess the effects | body composition and physical function | Human | older subjects with type 2 diabetes | Not specified for dairy (diet involved limited consumption). | The effect of circuit resistance training, empagliflozin or "vegeterranean diet" on physical and metabolic function in older subjects with type 2 diabetes: a study protocol for a randomized control trial (CEV-65 trial).cited 15× |
| modified plant-based Mediterranean diet ("vegeterranean" diet), circuit resistance training (CRT) and empagliflozin, separately or in combination | No effect - assess the effects | body composition and physical function | Human | older subjects with type 2 diabetes | Not specified for dairy (diet involved limited consumption). | The effect of circuit resistance training, empagliflozin or "vegeterranean diet" on physical and metabolic function in older subjects with type 2 diabetes: a study protocol for a randomized control trial (CEV-65 trial).cited 15× |
| resistance training using elastic bands at home combined with a leucine-rich amino acid supplement | No effect - no changes | cognitive function | Human | elderly type 2 diabetes | 6 g of a leucine-rich amino acid supplement daily. | Effects of resistance training using elastic bands on muscle strength with or without a leucine supplement for 48 weeks in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.cited 31× |
| resistance training using elastic bands at home combined with a leucine-rich amino acid supplement | No effect - no changes | physical function | Human | elderly type 2 diabetes | 6 g of a leucine-rich amino acid supplement daily. | Effects of resistance training using elastic bands on muscle strength with or without a leucine supplement for 48 weeks in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.cited 31× |
| hypocaloric diet and resistance training program | Increases - improved | muscle strength and function | Human | both groups | 150 kcal supplement (21 g protein, enriched with leucine and vitamin D) 10 times per week. | A high whey protein-, leucine-, and vitamin D-enriched supplement preserves muscle mass during intentional weight loss in obese older adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.cited 160× |
| resistance training with fish oil | Increases - greatly enhanced | physical function | Human | healthy older women | Not specified | Fish Oil Supplementation with Resistance Exercise Training Enhances Physical Function and Cardiometabolic Health in Postmenopausal Women.cited 4× |
| resistance training with placebo | Increases - greatly enhanced | physical function | Human | healthy older women | Not specified | Fish Oil Supplementation with Resistance Exercise Training Enhances Physical Function and Cardiometabolic Health in Postmenopausal Women.cited 4× |
| slow velocity low-intensity resistance training (SVLIRT) | Increases - improved | vascular function | Human | — | 10 g/day | Combined L-Citrulline Supplementation and Slow Velocity Low-Intensity Resistance Training Improves Leg Endothelial Function, Lean Mass, and Strength in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women.cited 10× |
| resistance training in combination with a soy protein based supplement | Increases - improves | metabolic function | Human | middle aged untrained and moderately overweight males | Not specified | Soy protein based supplementation supports metabolic effects of resistance training in previously untrained middle aged males.cited 40× |
| resistance training | Increases - improves | metabolic function | Human | middle aged untrained and moderately overweight males | Not specified | Soy protein based supplementation supports metabolic effects of resistance training in previously untrained middle aged males.cited 40× |
| progressive resistance training (PRT) | No effect - did not improve | self-perceived gait function | Human | people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) with impaired mobility | Not specified | How do resistance training and balance and motor control training affect gait performance and fatigue impact in people with multiple sclerosis? A randomized controlled multi-center study.cited 40× |
| exercise including progressive resistance training and nutritional strategies, including protein and vitamin D supplementation | Increases - may optimise | body composition and muscle function outcomes | Human | — | Not specified | Fall and Fracture Risk in Sarcopenia and Dynapenia With and Without Obesity: the Role of Lifestyle Interventions.cited 70× |
| community-based resistance training and dietary modifications | Increases - can improve | physical function | Human | overweight and obese older adults | 1 weekly dietary counseling session on a modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet. | Effects of resistance training and dietary changes on physical function and body composition in overweight and obese older adults.cited 19× |
| long-term resistance training | Increases - showed enhanced | vascular endothelium function | Human | healthy older adults | 2-6 times per week (specific walking duration/intensity not detailed). | Exercise training in older adults, what effects on muscle oxygenation? A systematic review.cited 10× |
| supplementation during 36 sessions of resistance training | Increases - boosts gains in | muscle size, strength, and function | Human | Veterans (age 60 to 80 yrs) | Not specified for glutamine alone. | Immune Function and Muscle Adaptations to Resistance exercise in Older Adults: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nutritional Supplement.cited 10× |
| creatine supplementation combined with resistance training | Increases - improved | muscle function | Human | older vulnerable women | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine supplementation and resistance training in vulnerable older women: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.cited 72× |
| Heart failure Exercise And Resistance Training (HEART) Camp | Increases - is associated with improvements in | physical function | Human | adults with HFpEF | ≥120 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week (40%-80% of heart rate reserve). | The HEART Camp Exercise Intervention Improves Exercise Adherence, Physical Function, and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adults With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure.cited 14× |
| low volume resistance training (LVRT) | Increases - can substantially improve | physical function | Human | healthy older adults | Resistance training categorized as low (LVRT), moderate (MVRT), and high volume (HVRT) based on weekly training volume (frequency × exercises × sets). | Effects of Resistance Training Volume on Physical Function, Lean Body Mass and Lower-Body Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of 151 Randomised Trials.cited 1× |
| Resistance training (RT) alone | Increases - has shown significant improvements | function of the vasculature | Human | — | Twice per week. | Exploring the microcirculatory effects of an exercise programme including aerobic and resistance training in people with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis.cited 14× |
| resistance training alone | Increases - significantly improved | physical function | Human | healthy older adults | Not specified | Comparison of the Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Body Composition and Physical Function in Healthy Elderly Adults. |
| protein supplementation and resistance training (combined intervention) | Increases - significantly improved | physical function | Human | healthy older adults | Not specified | Comparison of the Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Body Composition and Physical Function in Healthy Elderly Adults. |
| high-intensity volitional resistance training | No effect - improvements were not different | muscle characteristics and physical function | Human | patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | 36 sessions over 16 weeks (intensity: 31% of maximum effort for NMES vs. 77% for volitional training). | Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Compared to Volitional Exercise for Improving Muscle Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Pilot Study.cited 12× |
| high-intensity volitional resistance training | Increases - experienced significant improvements | muscle structure and function | Human | patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | 36 sessions over 16 weeks (intensity: 31% of maximum effort for NMES vs. 77% for volitional training). | Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Compared to Volitional Exercise for Improving Muscle Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Pilot Study.cited 12× |
| Eccentric resistance training (ERT) | Increases - improves | body function | Human | stroke participants | Not specified | Effects of eccentric resistance training after stroke on body function, activities of daily living and cognitive function: A review.cited 1× |
| Eccentric resistance training (ERT) | Increases - showed significantly better results | body function | Human | stroke participants | Not specified | Effects of eccentric resistance training after stroke on body function, activities of daily living and cognitive function: A review.cited 1× |
| Eccentric resistance training (ERT) | Increases - might be effective at improving | body function | Human | stroke participants | Not specified | Effects of eccentric resistance training after stroke on body function, activities of daily living and cognitive function: A review.cited 1× |
| high-intensity exercise training modalities, aerobic interval training (HIIT) and progressive high circuit-resistance training (CRT) | No effect - no effects on | endothelial function | Human | heart failure patients | At least 36 exercise sessions (specific frequency not detailed). | High-intensity interval training versus progressive high-intensity circuit resistance training on endothelial function and cardiorespiratory fitness in heart failure: A preliminary randomized controlled trial.cited 20× |
| resistance training combined with high-intensity interval training (RT-HIIT) | Increases - maintained or improved | markers of skeletal muscle function | Human | patients being treated with chemotherapy for breast cancer | — | Exercise training during chemotherapy preserves skeletal muscle fiber area, capillarization, and mitochondrial content in patients with breast cancer.cited 102× |
| prehabilitation program (PREOPtimize), consisting of Nordic Walking and resistance training exercises plus health education | Increases - might enhance | postoperative recovery of upper arm function | Human | patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy | 2 weekly sessions of 75 minutes of Nordic Walking plus muscle strengthening exercises and health education. | Prehabilitation in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy to Minimize Musculoskeletal Postoperative Complications and Enhance Recovery (PREOPtimize): A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 4× |
| 16-week progressive resistance training (PRT) | No effect - No significant changes were observed | neuronal function | Human | people with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) | Not specified | Effects of 16-week progressive resistance training on neurodegeneration in people with progressive multiple sclerosis: An extended baseline within-person trial. |
| creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training | No effect - aims to examine the effects | body composition, muscle strength and physical function | Human | prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy | Not specified in the abstract. | Examining the effects of creatine supplementation in augmenting adaptations to resistance training in patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 13× |
| 10-week combined aerobic and resistance training exercise prescription | Increases - improves | slow-twitch (type I) muscle fiber function | Human | postpartum women | Not specified (combined aerobic and resistance training program). | A Study on 10-Week Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Exercise Prescription for Female Patients with Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. |
| blood flow restriction training combined with low-load resistance training (LL-BFRT) | No effect - effect remains unclear | fall risk and balance function | Human | patients with knee osteoarthritis | Not specified (intervention duration is 4 weeks). | The impact of blood flow restriction training combined with low-load resistance training on the risk of falls in patients with knee osteoarthritis in China: a single-centre, two-arm, single-blind, parallel randomised controlled trial protocol. |
| isolated resistance training | Increases - associated with greater clinical benefits | function | Human | — | Not specified | Exercise, nutrition and managing hip fracture in older persons.cited 37× |
| resistance training | Increases - demonstrated greater improvements | all measures of contractile function and strength | Human | morbidly obese patients | Not specified | Resistance training during a 12-week protein supplemented VLCD treatment enhances weight-loss outcomes in obese patients.cited 15× |
| resistance training (RT) | Increases - potential to modulate cognitive function | cognitive function | Human | — | Not specified | The Effect of Free Weight Resistance Training on Cognitive Function Explored Through Eye Tracking: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. |
| resistance training (RT) | Increases - improvement | endothelial function | Human | sedentary, overweight adults (aged 30-50 years) | — | High Intensity Interval- vs Resistance or Combined- Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Adults (Cardiometabolic HIIT-RT Study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.cited 18× |
| resistance training | No effect - no effect on function was observed | function | Human | patients with knee and hip OA | Not specified | The Effects of Resistance Training on Pain, Strength, and Function in Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. |
| resistance training | Decreases - showed significant improvements | function | Human | patients with knee OA | Not specified | The Effects of Resistance Training on Pain, Strength, and Function in Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. |
| resistance training | Decreases - showed significant improvements | function | Human | patients with hip OA | Not specified | The Effects of Resistance Training on Pain, Strength, and Function in Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. |
| resistance training | Decreases - significant improvements were observed | function | Human | patients with knee and hip OA | Not specified | The Effects of Resistance Training on Pain, Strength, and Function in Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. |
| resistance training | No effect - is no more effective than a person's typical exercise program for improving | gait function | Human | adults with cerebral palsy | Not specified | Effect of Exercise and Motor Interventions on Physical Activity and Motor Outcomes of Adults with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.cited 2× |
| resistance training | No effect - does not improve | gross motor function | Human | people with CP | Not specified | Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy.cited 130× |
| resistance training | No effect - does not improve | gross motor function | Human | people with CP | Not specified | Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy.cited 130× |
| resistance training | No effect - no difference | gross motor function | Human | people with CP | Not specified | Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy.cited 130× |
| resistance training | Increases - is recommended | limb-muscle function | Human | people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Not specified in the abstract. | Effect and feasibility of non-linear periodized resistance training in people with COPD: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.cited 2× |
| resistance training | No effect - did not change | physical function | Human | prostate cancer patients on ADT | Resistance training 3 days per week; protein supplementation (50 g/day) for TRAINPRO and PRO groups. | Impact of resistance training on body composition and metabolic syndrome variables during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a pilot randomized controlled trial.cited 76× |
| resistance training (RT) | Increases - beneficial effects on improving | physical function | Human | — | Not specified | Exercise and nutrition interventions for renal cachexia.cited 3× |
| resistance training | Increases - provide significant improvements | physical function and functional mobility | Human | patients with Parkinson disease | Frequency of 2 times per week (optimal benefit). | Effect of Long-term Exercise Therapy on Motor Symptoms in Parkinson Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.cited 6× |
| resistance training | Decreases - appears to be most beneficial | reductions in muscle and bone mass and brain function | Human | older adults | Not specified | Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Properties of Muscle, Bone, and Brain Function in Older Adults: A Narrative Review.cited 16× |
| resistance training (RT) | No effect - limit conclusions about the impact | β-cell function | Human | — | Not specified | Resistance Training as a Countermeasure in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Literature and Future Directions.cited 4× |
| nutritional supplementation for resistance training | No effect - added effect appears limited | muscle function | Human | older adults | High-intensity resistance training (80% 1RM) recommended; low-intensity (≤50% 1RM) also effective. | Exercise Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia. A Systematic Umbrella Review.cited 190× |
| high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with circuit resistance training | No effect - assess the effects | microvascular function in the digital area | Human | SSc patients | — | Investigating the effectiveness and feasibility of exercise on microvascular reactivity and quality of life in systemic sclerosis patients: study protocol for a feasibility study.cited 5× |