Impact of resistance training on body composition and metabolic syndrome variables during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a pilot randomized controlled trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine if 12 weeks of resistance training could improve body composition and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and whether protein supplementation enhanced these effects.
Results Summary
Resistance training significantly improved lean mass, reduced sarcopenia prevalence, decreased body fat percentage, increased strength, and enhanced quality of life, but did not significantly alter MetS or physical function. Protein supplementation did not provide additional benefits.
Population
Hypogonadal prostate cancer patients on ADT.
Effective Dosage
Resistance training 3 days per week; protein supplementation (50 g/day) for TRAINPRO and PRO groups.
Duration
12 weeks
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
resistance training | increase | lean mass | prostate cancer patients on ADT | d = 0.9 | significantly improved | #1 |
resistance training | decrease | sarcopenia prevalence | prostate cancer patients on ADT | d = 0.8 | significantly improved | #2 |
resistance training | decrease | body fat % | prostate cancer patients on ADT | d = 1.1 | significantly improved | #3 |
resistance training | increase | strength | prostate cancer patients on ADT | d = 0.8-3.0 | significantly improved | #4 |
resistance training | increase | prostate cancer-specific quality of life | prostate cancer patients on ADT | d = 0.9 | significantly improved | #5 |
resistance training | no change | MetS | prostate cancer patients on ADT | - | did not change | #6 |
resistance training | no change | physical function | prostate cancer patients on ADT | - | did not change | #7 |
resistance training | decrease | waist circumference | prostate cancer patients on ADT | d = 0.8 | significantly improved | #8 |
protein supplementation | no change | body composition | prostate cancer patients on ADT | - | did not offer additional benefit | #9 |
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) experience adverse effects such as lean mass loss, known as sarcopenia, fat gain, and changes in cardiometabolic factors that increase risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Resistance training can increase lean mass, reduce body fat, and improve physical function and quality of life, but no exercise interventions in prostate cancer patients on ADT have concomitantly improved body composition and MetS. This pilot trial investigated 12 weeks of resistance training on body composition and MetS changes in prostate cancer patients on ADT. An exploratory aim examined if a combined approach of training and protein supplementation would elicit greater changes in body composition. METHODS: Prostate cancer patients on ADT were randomized to resistance training and protein supplementation (TRAINPRO), resistance training (TRAIN), protein supplementation (PRO), or control stretching (STRETCH). Exercise groups (EXE = TRAINPRO, TRAIN) performed supervised exercise 3 days per week for 12 weeks, while non-exercise groups (NoEXE = PRO, STRETCH) performed a home-based stretching program. TRAINPRO and PRO received 50 g⋅day RESULTS: A total of 37 participants were randomized; 32 participated in the intervention (EXE n = 13; NoEXE n = 19). At baseline, 43.8% of participants were sarcopenic and 40.6% met the criteria for MetS. Post-intervention, EXE significantly improved lean mass (d = 0.9), sarcopenia prevalence (d = 0.8), body fat % (d = 1.1), strength (d = 0.8-3.0), and prostate cancer-specific quality of life (d = 0.9) compared to NoEXE (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups for physical function or MetS-related variables except waist circumference (d = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: A 12-week resistance training intervention effectively improved sarcopenia, body fat %, strength and quality of life in hypogonadal prostate cancer patients, but did not change MetS or physical function. PRO did not offer additional benefit in improving body composition. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01909440 . Registered 24 July 2013.