Vitamin D
→Vitamin D deficiency

↑13

↓49

—4

Evidence suggests Vitamin D maydecreaseVitamin D deficiency.

73 studies (66 claims)

Moderate consensus

Typical effective dose 1000 (400–2000) IUacross 5 dosed studies

Study Claims

83 of 85

Intervention	Direction	Endpoint	Type	Population	Dosage	Title
daily vitamin D supplementation with 2000 international units (IU) (50 µg) of vitamin D3	Decreases - prevent and treat	vitamin D deficiency	Human	general adult population	2000 IU (50 µg) daily	Vitamin D Supplementation: A Review of the Evidence Arguing for a Daily Dose of 2000 International Units (50 µg) of Vitamin D for Adults in the General Population.cited 18×
daily oral intake of 1600 IU (40 μg) vitamin D(3)	Increases - less effective in treating	vitamin D deficiency	Human	patients with vitamin D deficiency	1,000 mg calcium daily (combined with 1600 IU vitamin D3).	Narrowband ultraviolet B three times per week is more effective in treating vitamin D deficiency than 1600 IU oral vitamin D₃ per day: a randomized clinical trial.cited 31×
Vitamin D supplementation with a daily dosage of more than 800 IU	Decreases - is effective in preventing	postoperative vitamin D deficiency	Human	patients who had undergone bariatric surgery	More than 800 IU daily was effective; less than 800 IU daily was not.	Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of vitamin D deficiency after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 19×
vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - responds well to	nutritional vitamin D deficiency	Human	patients with rickets and osteomalacia	Not specified	Vitamin D deficiency or resistance and hypophosphatemia.cited 6×
vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - reduces	prevalence of vitamin D deficiency	Human	pregnant women	Control group: 10 µg/day; Intervention group: 90 µg/day.	Vitamin D in pregnancy (GRAVITD) - a randomised controlled trial identifying associations and mechanisms linking maternal Vitamin D deficiency to placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes - study protocol.cited 8×
vitamin D supplementation	No effect - response to	severe vitamin D deficiency	Human	a patient with sickle cell disease	Not specified	Severe vitamin D deficiency in a patient with sickle cell disease: a case study with literature review.cited 3×
vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - could benefit the most	severe vitamin D deficiency	Human	patients at ICU admission	Not specified	A dynamic online nomogram predicting severe vitamin D deficiency at ICU admission.cited 13×
vitamin D supplementation	No effect - was not associated with a higher risk for	vitamin D deficiency	Human	persons living with obesity treated with bariatric surgery	Not specified	Effects of medical and surgical treatment on vitamin D levels in obesity.cited 2×
vitamin D supplementation	Increases - had a higher prevalence	vitamin D deficiency	Human	children who did not receive vitamin D supplementation in the Eastern Region	Not specified	Prevalence of classic signs and symptoms of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in Mongolian children and women.cited 25×
vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day)	Decreases - prevents	vitamin D deficiency	Human	full-term, exclusively breastfed Thai infants	400 IU/day	Vitamin D status in full-term exclusively breastfed infants versus full-term breastfed infants receiving vitamin D supplementation in Thailand: a randomized controlled trial.cited 3×
vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - associated with	vitamin D deficiency	Human	some, but not all, racial/ethnic groups	Not specified	Disease-specific definitions of vitamin D deficiency need to be established in autoimmune and non-autoimmune chronic diseases: a retrospective comparison of three chronic diseases.cited 29×
vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - is highly recommended	vitamin D deficiency	Human	long-term care residents	1200-1500 mg per day (recommended intake)	Supplementation with vitamin D and calcium in long-term care residents.cited 28×
vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - should be performed	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	Not specified	Which vitamin D oral supplement is best for postmenopausal women?cited 7×
vitamin D supplementation	No effect - should be supplemented	vitamin D deficiency	Human	Individuals with vitamin D deficiency, defined as a serum level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/dl	Not specified	Vitamin D and cardiovascular health.cited 165×
vitamin D supplementation	Increases - treated	vitamin D deficiency	Human	19-year-old girl with persistent hypercalcemia	Not specified	Persistent hypercalcemia with similar familial Hypocalciuric hypercalcemia features: a case report and literature review.cited 2×
Vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - emerged as an effective strategy	vitamin D deficiency	Human	infancy and childhood	Not mentioned	Interventions for Prevention and Control of Epidemic of Vitamin D Deficiency.cited 6×
Vitamin D supplementation	No effect - are not cost-effective	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	Not mentioned	Interventions for Prevention and Control of Epidemic of Vitamin D Deficiency.cited 6×
vitamin D supplementation	No effect - prevalence of vitamin D deficiency	vitamin D deficiency (≤25 nmol/L)	Human	children not receiving supplementation	Not specified	Ethnicity, gender and seasonal variations all play a role in vitamin D deficiency.cited 14×
vitamin D supplementation	No effect - found a high prevalence of deficiency	vitamin D deficiency	Human	patients prior to SCT	Not specified	Vitamin requirements during stem cell transplantation: a systematic review.cited 5×
vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - possible amelioration	vitamin D deficiency	Human	global populations	Not specified	Optimisation of vitamin D status in global populations.cited 8×
Vitamin D supplementation	Increases - should be supplemented	vitamin D deficiency	Human	patients with erythropoietic protoporphyrias	Not specified	Erythropoietic protoporphyrias: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management.cited 3×
vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - need for	vitamin D deficiency	Human	deficient individuals	Not available	Vitamin D assay and supplementation: still debatable issues.cited 1×
vitamin D supplementation	No effect - insufficient to address	vitamin D deficiency	Human	immigrant populations	Not available	Assessment of the quality and content of clinical practice guidelines for vitamin D and for immigrants using the AGREE II instrument: global systematic review.
vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - should be supplemented	vitamin D deficiency	Human	infants	Vitamin D supplementation recommended (specific dosage not provided).	Exclusive Breastfeeding and Vitamin D Supplementation: A Positive Synergistic Effect on Prevention of Childhood Infections?cited 8×
vitamin D supplementation	No effect - recommended for	vitamin D deficiency or at high risk of deficiency	Human	those	Not specified	Vitamin D: immune function, inflammation, infections and auto-immunity.cited 18×
vitamin D supplementation	No effect - considered a good and simple short-term solution	vitamin D deficiency treatment	Human	—	Not specified	What is the best solution to manage vitamin D deficiency?cited 4×
calcium & vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - was recompensed	Vitamin D deficiency	Human	PCOS patients	Calcium 1000 mg/day and Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month.	Therapeutic effects of calcium & vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS.cited 74×
current dosing regimens of vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - are preventing	severe vitamin D deficiency	Human	the Duchenne population	>1000 International Units (IU) daily	A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.cited 2×
high-dose intermittent vitamin D	No effect - can be used	vitamin D deficiency	Human	children and adolescents	400 IU vitamin D₃ daily for infants at risk of low vitamin D.	Vitamin D and health in pregnancy, infants, children and adolescents in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement.cited 131×
daily low-dose vitamin D supplements	No effect - can treat	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	400 IU vitamin D₃ daily for infants at risk of low vitamin D.	Vitamin D and health in pregnancy, infants, children and adolescents in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement.cited 131×
never been used vitamin D Supplements	Increases - The odds of having Vitamin D deficiency was higher among participants who have	Vitamin D deficiency	Human	participants	Not specified	A comparative study of hormonal contraceptive use and vitamin D levels at Gondar Town 2023.
medications that alter vitamin D metabolism	Increases - may influence the development of	vitamin D deficiency and/or rickets	Human	—	Not specified	An Update on Vitamin D Deficiency in the twenty-first century: nature and nurture.cited 11×
inadequate intake of vitamin D	Increases - risk factor for developing	vitamin D deficiency rickets	Human	—	Not specified	An Update on Vitamin D Deficiency in the twenty-first century: nature and nurture.cited 11×
exclusive breast feeding without vitamin D supplementation	Increases - risk factor for developing	vitamin D deficiency rickets	Human	—	Not specified	An Update on Vitamin D Deficiency in the twenty-first century: nature and nurture.cited 11×
increased number of vitamin D-fortified foods	Decreases - could reduce the percentage of vitamin D deficiency	percentage of vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L]	Human	the adult population during an extended winter period	Not specified (hypothetical fortification scenarios).	An Integrated Predictive Model of Population Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D for Application in Strategy Development for Vitamin D Deficiency Prevention.cited 19×
vitamin D food fortification in various constructs	No effect - may affect	population serum 25(OH)D concentrations and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	Not specified (hypothetical fortification scenarios).	An Integrated Predictive Model of Population Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D for Application in Strategy Development for Vitamin D Deficiency Prevention.cited 19×
1000 IU vitamin D	Decreases - decreased	prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL)	Human	children and adolescents, 6-13 years of age, with age- and sex-specific body mass index(BMI) Z-score ≥ 1	600, 1000, and 2000 IU of vitamin D per day.	Daily vitamin Dcited 11×
600 IU vitamin D	Decreases - decreased	prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL)	Human	children and adolescents, 6-13 years of age, with age- and sex-specific body mass index(BMI) Z-score ≥ 1	600, 1000, and 2000 IU of vitamin D per day.	Daily vitamin Dcited 11×
2000 IU vitamin D	Decreases - decreased	prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/mL)	Human	children and adolescents, 6-13 years of age, with age- and sex-specific body mass index(BMI) Z-score ≥ 1	600, 1000, and 2000 IU of vitamin D per day.	Daily vitamin Dcited 11×
Vitamin D	Increases - highlighted the role	managing vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	Not specified	Vitamin D supplementation in a post-pandemic era: A narrative review.cited 3×
vitamin D	Decreases - prescribe	vitamin D deficiency	Human	individuals deficient in vitamin D	Not specified	The Asia-Pacific Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Frailty.cited 390×
vitamin D	No effect - beneficial	vitamin D deficiency	Human	almost 50% of the population worldwide	Not specified	Pathogenesis-directed therapy of 2019 novel coronavirus disease.cited 32×
oral or parenteral vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - has to be treated	vitamin D deficiency	Human	ulcerative colitis patients	—	Managing osteoporosis in ulcerative colitis: something new?cited 19×
regular vitamin D measurement	No effect - is a cost-effective and practical method for monitoring	vitamin D deficiency	Human	persons with epilepsy (PWE)	Not specified	Vitamin D prophylaxis in persons with epilepsy?
six-month post-partum vitamin D	No effect - compare the effect	prevention of vitamin D deficiency	Human	exclusively breastfeeding mother-infant pairs with high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency	Not specified	The Effect of High-Dose Postpartum Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation Alone Compared with Maternal Plus Infant Vitamin D Supplementation in Breastfeeding Infants in a High-Risk Population. A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 33×
adequate sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplementation	Increases - are the major risk factors	rickets and vitamin D deficiency	Human	breastfeeding infants	High-dose maternal vitamin D supplementation (specific dosage not provided).	Maternal vitamin D status: effect on milk vitamin D content and vitamin D status of breastfeeding infants.cited 84×
high-dose maternal vitamin D supplementation alone	Decreases - effect	vitamin D deficiency	Human	breastfeeding mother-infant dyad	High-dose maternal vitamin D supplementation (specific dosage not provided).	Maternal vitamin D status: effect on milk vitamin D content and vitamin D status of breastfeeding infants.cited 84×
enteral vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - decrease in	vitamin D deficiency	Human	human milk fed preterm or LBW infants	Not specified in the abstract.	Enteral Vitamin D Supplementation in Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 13×
adjustment of for vitamin D deficiency	Decreases - recommended for	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	Not specified	Treating sarcopenia in older and oldest old.cited 50×
improvement of vitamin D status	Decreases - is of special interest	vitamin D deficiency	Human	oncological patients	Not specified	Nutrition in oncology: the case of micronutrients (review).cited 41×
weekly administration of 50,000 IU of oral vitamin D for 8 weeks as an adjunct supplement of antihypertensive drugs	Decreases - could help prevent	vitamin D deficiency	Human	patients with vitamin D deficiency	—	The effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure in patients with elevated blood pressure and vitamin D deficiency: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 32×
oral vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - recovered from	vitamin D deficiency	Human	patients with elevated BP and vitamin D deficiency	—	The effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure in patients with elevated blood pressure and vitamin D deficiency: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 32×
various vitamin D supplementation regimens	No effect - underlines the need to study the effect	vitamin D deficiency and clinical rickets	Human	LBW as well as NBW infants	Not specified	Vitamin D status of low birth weight infants in Delhi: a comparative study.cited 25×
>800 IU/day vitamin D supplementation	Decreases - is sufficient for prevention of vitamin D deficiency	vitamin D deficiency	Human	patients after OAGB surgery	>800 IU/day vitamin D supplementation.	Trends in Serum Vitamin D Levels within 12 Months after One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB).cited 2×
alternative vitamin D dosing regimen	No effect - potential to be a safe, fast, evidence-based treatment	vitamin D deficiency	Human	bariatric patients	Loading dose (100,000 IU on day 1, then 2 and 4 weeks post-surgery) followed by maintenance dose (3420 IU/day). Control group received placebo followed by 3420 IU/day.	The link between obesity and vitamin D in bariatric patients with omega-loop gastric bypass surgery - a vitamin D supplementation trial to compare the efficacy of postoperative cholecalciferol loading (LOAD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.cited 11×
vitamin D supplementation with an alternative to fish liver	Decreases - tackle this problem	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	Not specified	Vitamin D status and food security in North-East Asia.cited 7×
reduced amount of vitamin D in the diet (small sea fish consumption)	Increases - affects	vitamin D deficiency	Human	elderly people, especially women, who live in moderate climate countries	Not specified	Prevalence and factors promoting the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly.cited 19×
calcium and vitamin D supplementation	No effect - is often necessary	vitamin D deficiency	Human	the SOT population	Not specified	Osteoporosis in the adult solid organ transplant population: underlying mechanisms and available treatment options.cited 14×
proper doses of vitamin D supplementation and/or safe daily sun exposure	Decreases - can be eliminated	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	Not specified	Controlling Chronic Diseases and Acute Infections with Vitamin D Sufficiency.cited 18×
higher vitamin D doses (e.g., 6000 IU per day)	Decreases - may be used for rapid correction	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	800–2000 IU/day for maintenance; 6000 IU/day for initial 4–12 weeks in deficiency cases.	Clinical Practice in the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Central and Eastern European Expert Consensus Statement.cited 93×
higher vitamin D doses (e.g., 6000 IU per day)	Decreases - used for the first 4 to 12 weeks of treatment	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	800–2000 IU/day for maintenance; 6000 IU/day for initial 4–12 weeks in deficiency cases.	Clinical Practice in the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Central and Eastern European Expert Consensus Statement.cited 93×
taking adequate vitamin D in food resources, sun exposure, or supplementation	Decreases - prevented	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	Not specified	An Update on Vitamin D Deficiency Status in Malaysia.cited 15×
vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy	Decreases - reduces the risk of	vitamin D deficiency	Human	pregnant women	>400 IU/day	Effects of vitamin D in pregnancy on maternal and offspring health-related outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analyses.cited 10×
Vitamin D supplementation given to infants	Decreases - insufficient evidence to determine if it reduces	risk of vitamin D deficiency (25-OH vitamin D < 30 nmol/L) up till six months of age	Human	healthy term breastfed infants	Infant supplementation: 400 IU/day; maternal supplementation: varied from 400 IU/day to >4000 IU/day, with some studies using 60,000 IU/day for short periods.	Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health.cited 46×
Infant vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day)	Decreases - compared to lactating mother supplementation may reduce	incidence of vitamin D deficiency	Human	infants at high risk of vitamin D deficiency	Infant supplementation: 400 IU/day; maternal supplementation: varied from 400 IU/day to >4000 IU/day, with some studies using 60,000 IU/day for short periods.	Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health.cited 46×
Vitamin D supplementation given to lactating mothers	Decreases - may reduce	incidences of vitamin D deficiency	Human	infants of lactating mothers	Infant supplementation: 400 IU/day; maternal supplementation: varied from 400 IU/day to >4000 IU/day, with some studies using 60,000 IU/day for short periods.	Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health.cited 46×
Vitamin D sterols	Decreases - can improve	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	Not specified	Prevention and control of phosphate retention/hyperphosphatemia in CKD-MBD: what is normal, when to start, and how to treat?cited 85×
vitamin D supplementation in infancy	Decreases - reducing	vitamin D deficiency	Human	infants	400 international units (IU) daily.	Vitamin D prophylaxis in infancy.cited 18×
vitamin D deficiency	Increases - high prevalence	vitamin D deficiency	Human	patients with liver fibrosis	Not specified	Vitamin D and liver fibrosis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies.cited 56×
adjunctive vitamin D therapy	No effect - adherence to testing was	high-risk vitamin D deficiency diseases	Human	pediatric patients	Not specified	Adjunctive vitamin D therapy in various diseases in children: a scenario according to standard guideline.cited 1×
800 IU/day vitamin D	Decreases - safely corrected vitamin D deficiency by Postnatal Day 14	vitamin D deficiency	Human	infants born extremely preterm	200 IU/day or 800 IU/day of vitamin D, compared to placebo.	Safety and Efficacy of Early Vitamin D Supplementation in Critically Ill Extremely Preterm Infants: An Ancillary Study of a Randomized Trial.cited 7×
daily intake of 800 IU vitamin D	Decreases - decreased	prevalence of vitamin D deficiency	Human	very low birth weight neonates less than 32 weeks	—	Vitamin D Status of Very Low Birth Weight Neonates at Baseline and Follow-up after Daily Intake of 800 IU Vitamin D.cited 2×
nutritional vitamin D supplements	Decreases - prevent	vitamin D deficiency and rickets	Human	newborns, infants, children, and adolescents	Not specified	Vitamin D and calcium intakes in general pediatric populations: A French expert consensus paper.cited 43×
Daily oral vitamin D supplementation (400 IU)	No effect - is recommended	preventing vitamin D deficiency	Human	breastfeeding infants (≤1 y)	Routine infant daily supplementation (400 IU); maternal and intermittent infant doses varied by study.	Vitamin D in Breastfed Infants: Systematic Review of Alternatives to Daily Supplementation.cited 13×
routine vitamin D supplementation	No effect - is a common finding	vitamin D deficiency	Human	individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF)	Higher doses of vitamin D (specific amounts not provided)	Vitamin D deficiency and its treatment in cystic fibrosis.cited 38×
vitamin D supplementation in early life	Decreases - recommended to prevent	vitamin D deficiency	Human	children in developed countries	Not specified	In utero and postnatal vitamin D exposure and allergy risk.cited 8×
Higher doses of vitamin D	No effect - are required to treat	vitamin D deficiency	Human	obese adolescents	2,000 IU/day of vitamin D3 orally.	Response to vitamin D3 supplementation in obese and non-obese Caucasian adolescents.cited 47×
supplementation with vitamin D	No effect - would be important in	patients with vitamin D deficiency	Human	patients with vitamin D deficiency	Not specified	Is there an association between vitamin D and hypertension?cited 8×
supplementation with vitamin D	Decreases	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	Not specified	Vitamin D deficiency in Bangladesh: A review of prevalence, causes and recommendations for mitigation.cited 11×
Supplementation with 400, 800, 1200 or 2000 IU/d vitamin D	Decreases - could improve	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	—	A dose-response study of vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy Chinese: a 5-arm randomized, placebo-controlled trial.cited 16×
pharmacological vitamin D products	Decreases - can be strategically used to address	vitamin D deficiency	Human	CKD patients	Not specified	Vitamin D: are all compounds equal?cited 1×
Daily intake of 400 IU of vitamin D	Decreases - will prevent	vitamin D deficiency rickets	Human	infants	Not specified (sunlight exposure varies; 400 IU vitamin D daily mentioned for infants).	Ultraviolet radiation: a hazard to children and adolescents.cited 169×
oral or injectable administration of vitamin D	Decreases - Effective treatment of	vitamin D deficiency	Human	—	Not specified (dosing varies based on health status).	Treatment of vitamin D deficiency in children.cited 5×

Command Palette

Vitamin D→Vitamin D deficiency

Study Claims

Vitamin D
→Vitamin D deficiency