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Evidence suggests Walking mayincreaseStrength.
38 studies (50 claims)
Strong consensus
Typical effective dose 62.5 (56.25–68.75) %across 2 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bilateral upper extremity blood flow restriction training (BFRT) during walking | Increases - improvements | upper extremity strength | Human | 29-year-old female with diastematomyelia (a rare form of spina bifida) | 4 bouts of walking per session, each lasting 3 minutes with 35-50% limb occlusion pressure. | Upper extremity blood-flow restriction training applied during walking in an adult with a rare form of spina bifida: a case report. |
| 14-week functional resistance and walking program (MPACT) | Increases - statistically significant | knee strength | Human | MPACT participants | Not specified (14-week functional resistance and walking program). | Maintaining physical activity during head and neck cancer treatment: Results of a pilot controlled trial.cited 48× |
| four-week incremental MS walking program | No effect - not all other parameters | foot-, ankle-, and posterior chain range of motion, and muscle strength of the posterior chain | Human | recreationally active young adults | 3,000 steps/day in the first week, increasing to 5,000 steps/day for the remaining three weeks. | A four-week minimalist shoe walking intervention influences foot posture and balance in young adults-a randomized controlled trial.cited 2× |
| supervised walking | Increases - significantly improved | knee extension muscle strength | Human | older adults | Not specified (pedometer-assisted walking) | Self-monitored versus supervised walking programs for older adults.cited 3× |
| self-monitored walking | Increases - significantly improved | knee extension muscle strength | Human | older adults | Not specified (pedometer-assisted walking) | Self-monitored versus supervised walking programs for older adults.cited 3× |
| dried tofu intake during 5-month interval walking training | Increases - enhanced increases in | thigh muscle mass and strength | Human | older women | 111 kcal, 9.6 g protein, 6.0 g fat, and 4.6 g carbohydrate per serving, consumed immediately after daily exercise. | Effects of dried tofu supplementation during interval walking training on the methylation of the NFKB2 gene in the whole blood of older women.cited 6× |
| 12-week LBPP-supported low-load treadmill walking regimen | Increases - significant increases | thigh muscle strength about the degenerative knee | Human | overweight patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) | LBPP-supported low-load treadmill walking (specific frequency not detailed). | Managing Knee Osteoarthritis: The Effects of Body Weight Supported Physical Activity on Joint Pain, Function, and Thigh Muscle Strength.cited 27× |
| walking with a weighted vest (WALK) | Increases - improved | quadriceps muscle strength | Human | active duty military with a knee injury | NMES was applied to the quadriceps muscle four times per week for 30 minutes (15 minutes per leg), consisting of 15 contractions per leg. | Influence of Self-managed Rehabilitation on Work Efficiency in Active Duty Military With a Knee Injury.cited 2× |
| lateral stair walking training alongside physical therapy | Increases - resulted in significant improvements | hip muscle strength | Human | patients with chronic stroke | 15 minutes of lateral stair walking exercise plus 15 minutes of traditional physiotherapy, once a week. | Efficacy of lateral stair walking training in patients with chronic stroke: A pilot randomized controlled study.cited 3× |
| lateral stair walking training | Increases - significant differences | affected limb ankle plantar strength | Human | patients with chronic stroke | 15 minutes of lateral stair walking exercise plus 15 minutes of traditional physiotherapy, once a week. | Efficacy of lateral stair walking training in patients with chronic stroke: A pilot randomized controlled study.cited 3× |
| lateral stair walking training | Increases - showed significant improvements | hip abductor strength of the affected limb | Human | patients with chronic stroke | 15 minutes of lateral stair walking exercise plus 15 minutes of traditional physiotherapy, once a week. | Efficacy of lateral stair walking training in patients with chronic stroke: A pilot randomized controlled study.cited 3× |
| lateral stair walking training | Increases - showed significant improvements | hip extensor strength of the affected limb | Human | patients with chronic stroke | 15 minutes of lateral stair walking exercise plus 15 minutes of traditional physiotherapy, once a week. | Efficacy of lateral stair walking training in patients with chronic stroke: A pilot randomized controlled study.cited 3× |
| lateral stair walking training | Increases - showed significant improvements | hip flexor strength of the affected limb | Human | patients with chronic stroke | 15 minutes of lateral stair walking exercise plus 15 minutes of traditional physiotherapy, once a week. | Efficacy of lateral stair walking training in patients with chronic stroke: A pilot randomized controlled study.cited 3× |
| Twelve week LBPP treadmill walking exercise regimen | Increases - increased | thigh muscle strength | Human | patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) | Twelve-week LBPP treadmill walking exercise regimen (specific frequency not detailed). | The effect of low-load exercise on joint pain, function, and activities of daily living in patients with knee osteoarthritis.cited 23× |
| walking boot (all subjects) | Increases - demonstrated increased | strength | Human | subjects undergoing unilateral lower-extremity orthopedic medical and rehabilitative care | Not specified | Effectiveness of Evenup™ Shoe-Lift Use Among Individuals Prescribed a Walking Boot.cited 5× |
| combined NMES with strength walking (COMBO) | Increases - statistically higher improvement | knee extension strength in the injured knee | Human | active duty military members with a knee injury | Not specified (only adherence rates: NMES group completed 34% of recommended sessions, COMBO group 30%). | Self-Managed Strength Training for Active Duty Military With a Knee Injury: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.cited 9× |
| daily post-operative physiotherapy intervention, consisting of individualized mobilization, breathing exercises, ambulation with or without a walking aid | Increases - showed significantly greater | handgrip strength | Human | Patients who underwent cardiac valve surgery | Daily post-operative physiotherapy, including individualized mobilization, breathing exercises, and ambulation with or without a walking aid. | The effect of in-hospital physiotherapy on handgrip strength and physical activity levels after cardiac valve surgery: a randomized controlled trial.cited 4× |
| daily post-operative physiotherapy intervention, consisting of individualized mobilization, breathing exercises, ambulation with or without a walking aid | Increases - showed increased levels of | handgrip strength and physical activity | Human | Patients who received physiotherapy during hospitalization | Daily post-operative physiotherapy, including individualized mobilization, breathing exercises, and ambulation with or without a walking aid. | The effect of in-hospital physiotherapy on handgrip strength and physical activity levels after cardiac valve surgery: a randomized controlled trial.cited 4× |
| daily post-operative physiotherapy intervention, consisting of individualized mobilization, breathing exercises, ambulation with or without a walking aid | Increases - significantly different | handgrip strength on the 5th post-operative day | Human | Patients who underwent cardiac valve surgery | Daily post-operative physiotherapy, including individualized mobilization, breathing exercises, and ambulation with or without a walking aid. | The effect of in-hospital physiotherapy on handgrip strength and physical activity levels after cardiac valve surgery: a randomized controlled trial.cited 4× |
| 8-week home-based physical activity intervention comprising twice weekly supervised resistance training and an unsupervized walking program | Increases - trends in favor of the exercise group over the control group were observed | lower body strength | Human | women with metastatic breast cancer | Unsupervised walking program (frequency not specified) | Physical Activity for Symptom Management in Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized Feasibility Trial on Physical Activity and Breast Metastases.cited 45× |
| 8-week home-based physical activity intervention comprising twice weekly supervised resistance training and an unsupervized walking program | Increases - trends in favor of the exercise group over the control group were observed | upper body strength | Human | women with metastatic breast cancer | Unsupervised walking program (frequency not specified) | Physical Activity for Symptom Management in Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized Feasibility Trial on Physical Activity and Breast Metastases.cited 45× |
| exoskeleton assisted walking (EAW) training | Increases - Potential physiological benefits include | increased strength | Human | participants with spinal cord injury (SCI) | Not specified | Exoskeleton use in acute rehabilitation post spinal cord injury: A qualitative study exploring patients' experiences.cited 11× |
| backward walking with conventional physiotherapy treatment | Increases - significant standardized mean difference values in favour | quadriceps strength | Human | patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis | Not specified | The effectiveness of backward walking as a treatment for people with gait impairments: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 16× |
| backward walking | Increases - improved significantly | gait parameters and muscle strength | Human | anterior cruciate ligament injury | Not specified | The effectiveness of backward walking as a treatment for people with gait impairments: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 16× |
| water-based walking exercise | Increases - could lead to greater improvements | extensor muscle strength | Human | patients following ACL reconstruction | Not specified | Effect of water-based walking exercise on rehabilitation of patients following ACL reconstruction: a prospective, randomised, single-blind clinical trial.cited 1× |
| 3-month peer support and mobile application-based walking programme | Increases - increased | grip strength | Human | rural older Chinese adults | Not specified (intervention included face-to-face group sessions, peer-led walking, and mobile app feedback). | Effects of peer support and mobile application-based walking programme on physical activity and physical function in rural older adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial.cited 7× |
| walking tests | No effect - no relationships | measures of function, strength or HRQoL | Human | participants with stage I-IIIb NSCLC | Not Assessed | Which field walking test should be used to assess functional exercise capacity in lung cancer? An observational study.cited 28× |
| a 12-week multimodal exercise-based program including supervised exercise twice weekly followed by a protein supplement, a home-based walking program, and nurse-led support and counseling | Increases - significant beneficial effects | hand grip strength | Human | older adults (≥65 years) with advanced pancreatic, biliary tract, or non-small cell lung cancer who received systemic oncological treatment | Home-based walking program (adherence rate 75%, IQR 33-100). | Effects of a 12-Week Multimodal Exercise Intervention Among Older Patients with Advanced Cancer: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 48× |
| 12-week brisk walking exercise program | Increases - significant enhancements | lower limb muscle strength | Human | elderly women | Not specified | Brisk walking improves motor function and lower limb muscle strength in Chinese women aged 80 years and older.cited 2× |
| 12-week brisk walking exercise program | No effect - did not extend to | upper limb muscle strength | Human | elderly women | Not specified | Brisk walking improves motor function and lower limb muscle strength in Chinese women aged 80 years and older.cited 2× |
| Nordic walking training program with integrated resistance shock absorber (RSA) poles | Increases - led to beneficial changes | femur strength index | Human | postmenopausal women | Not specified (8-week training program). | Nordic walking with an integrated resistance shock absorber affects the femur strength and muscles torques in postmenopausal women.cited 1× |
| functional electrical stimulation therapy assisted walking (FES-T) | No effect - No within or between group differences from baseline were observed | bone strength | Human | adults with chronic motor incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) | 45 minutes, thrice weekly. | Evaluating the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation therapy assisted walking after chronic motor incomplete spinal cord injury: effects on bone biomarkers and bone strength.cited 15× |
| progressive walking program | Increases - significant main effect of time | isometric maximal strength expressed relative to body mass for knee extension | Human | elderly subjects | Continuous walking (weeks 1-8) and interval walking (weeks 9-17); stair-climbing for the combined group (frequency not specified). | Effects of Progressive Walking and Stair-Climbing Training Program on Muscle Size and Strength of the Lower Body in Untrained Older Adults.cited 10× |
| progressive walking program | Increases - significant main effect of time | isometric maximal strength expressed relative to body mass for knee flexion | Human | elderly subjects | Continuous walking (weeks 1-8) and interval walking (weeks 9-17); stair-climbing for the combined group (frequency not specified). | Effects of Progressive Walking and Stair-Climbing Training Program on Muscle Size and Strength of the Lower Body in Untrained Older Adults.cited 10× |
| progressive walking program | No effect - significantly correlated | percentage change of knee flexion strength | Human | elderly subjects | Continuous walking (weeks 1-8) and interval walking (weeks 9-17); stair-climbing for the combined group (frequency not specified). | Effects of Progressive Walking and Stair-Climbing Training Program on Muscle Size and Strength of the Lower Body in Untrained Older Adults.cited 10× |
| progressive walking program | Increases - can increase | thigh muscle strength | Human | older adults | Continuous walking (weeks 1-8) and interval walking (weeks 9-17); stair-climbing for the combined group (frequency not specified). | Effects of Progressive Walking and Stair-Climbing Training Program on Muscle Size and Strength of the Lower Body in Untrained Older Adults.cited 10× |
| functional exercises such as treadmill walking and partial weight bearing exercises | Increases - more effective | muscle strength | Human | males with all severities of haemophilia A and B | Not specified | Exercise for haemophilia.cited 70× |
| repeated walking exercises | Increases - facilitate | muscular strength | Human | patients after a lesion to the central nervous system | Twenty 30-minute sessions over 4 weeks. | Visually-guided gait training in paretic patients during the first rehabilitation phase: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.cited 11× |
| mindful walking | Increases - primarily promoted | inner strength | Human | breast cancer patients | Not specified | Implementation of a Mindful Walking Intervention in Breast Cancer Patients After Their Primary Oncologic Treatment: Results of a Qualitative Study Within a Randomized Controlled Trial. |
| Backward walking (BW) | Increases - has emerged as a promising intervention modality for enhancing | mobility and strength outcomes | Human | — | Not specified (intervention involves 8 weeks of backward walking training). | Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing backward walking to forward walking training on balance in multiple sclerosis: The TRAIN-MS trial.cited 1× |
| backward walking | No effect - ameliorating effect | muscle strength | Human | patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) | Backward walking exercise for 12 weeks (frequency not specified); ALA for 2 weeks (dosage not specified). | Investigating the role of backward walking therapy in alleviating plantar pressure of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.cited 20× |
| ground-based walking training | No effect - were similar | quadriceps muscle strength | Human | patients with pulmonary hypertension | 30-minute supervised walking 2 days/week plus unsupervised walking at least 1 day/week. | Effect of Ground-Based Walk Training in Pulmonary Hypertension.cited 2× |
| ground-based walking training | Increases - improved | quadriceps muscle strength | Human | patients with pulmonary hypertension | 30-minute supervised walking 2 days/week plus unsupervised walking at least 1 day/week. | Effect of Ground-Based Walk Training in Pulmonary Hypertension.cited 2× |
| 12 weeks of walking football (played 2×20 min) | Increases - was significantly higher | grip strength | Human | physically inactive older adults | 2 × 20-minute sessions per week. | Walking Football for Men and Women 60+: A 12-Week Non-Controlled Intervention Affects Health Parameters. |
| exoskeletal-assisted walking (EAW) alone | No effect - compare the effect | bone density, geometry and strength | Human | chronic SCI participants | 108 overground training sessions (60 minutes each, 3 times per week for 36 weeks). | Exoskeletal-assisted walking combined with transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation to improve bone health in persons with spinal cord injury: study protocol for a prospective randomised controlled trial. |
| exoskeletal-assisted walking (EAW) plus transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (EAW+tSCS) | No effect - compare the effect | bone density, geometry and strength | Human | chronic SCI participants | 108 overground training sessions (60 minutes each, 3 times per week for 36 weeks). | Exoskeletal-assisted walking combined with transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation to improve bone health in persons with spinal cord injury: study protocol for a prospective randomised controlled trial. |
| three days of prolonged walking exercise | Decreases - decreased significantly | Hand grip strength | Human | older adults | 30 g/day | The effect of lesser mealworm protein on exercise-induced muscle damage in active older adults: a randomized controlled trial.cited 2× |
| Interval walking training (IWT) | Increases - is efficacious in improving | muscle strength | Human | — | Not specified | Health benefits of interval walking training.cited 1× |
| diet combined with a long-supervised Nordic walking training | Increases - increased | strength | Human | overweight adults | Supervised training 3 times/week | The effects of exercise and diet program in overweight people - Nordic walking versus walking.cited 13× |
| physiotherapist-supervised Nordic Walking | No effect - did not show any significant between-group differences for improvements | muscle strength and power or ROM | Human | patients diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis | 4 months of physiotherapist-supervised Nordic Walking (frequency not specified). | Exercise induced effects on muscle function and range of motion in patients with hip osteoarthritis.cited 16× |
| pedometer-based walking program plus TheraBand resistance exercise | Increases - increased | inspiratory muscle strength | Human | older individuals with sarcopenia | 7,500 steps/day for 5 days/week plus TheraBand resistance exercise twice a week. | Beneficial effects of walking-based home program for improving cardio-respiratory performance and physical activity in sarcopenic older people: a randomized controlled trial.cited 9× |
| pedometer-based walking program plus TheraBand resistance exercise | Increases - improved | muscle strength | Human | older individuals with sarcopenia | 7,500 steps/day for 5 days/week plus TheraBand resistance exercise twice a week. | Beneficial effects of walking-based home program for improving cardio-respiratory performance and physical activity in sarcopenic older people: a randomized controlled trial.cited 9× |
| post-exercise macronutrient supplementation during a 5-month home-based interval walking training (IWT) | Increases - accelerated exercise-induced increases | skeletal muscle mass and strength | Human | healthy middle-aged and older women | Post-exercise macronutrient supplementation (7.6 g protein, 32.5 g carbohydrate, and 4.4 g fat) after each walking session. | Effects of macronutrient intake on thigh muscle mass during home-based walking training in middle-aged and older women.cited 16× |
| Nordic walking | Increases - significant improvements were seen | lower-extremity strength | Human | adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities | Weekly Nordic walking sessions. | A Six-Month Nordic Walking Program for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Feasibility and Effect. |