4
26
11
↑4
↓26
—11
Evidence suggests Calcium maydecreaseOsteoporosis risk.
47 studies (41 claims)
Moderate consensus
Typical effective dose 1000 (1000–1300) mgacross 5 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| taking calcium supplements in later life | Decreases - only slightly reduces the risk of | osteoporosis or fracture | Human | older people | Calcium supplements with doses less than 1000 mg/d were effective; higher doses provided no additional benefits. | The effect of calcium supplementation in people under 35 years old: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 9× |
| calcium and vitamin D | No effect - have been the primary focus | nutritional prevention of osteoporosis | Human | — | Not specified | Update on nutrients involved in maintaining healthy bone.cited 22× |
| calcium and Vitamin D | Decreases - can prevent the development | osteoporosis | Human | patients during ADT | Not available | The use of dietary supplements to alleviate androgen deprivation therapy side effects during prostate cancer treatment.cited 17× |
| calcium and vitamin D | Decreases - considered crucial in the prevention and treatment | osteoporosis | Human | — | Not specified | Calcium supplementation in osteoporosis: useful or harmful?cited 43× |
| low calcium intake | No effect - relevant nongenetic factor | etiology of osteoporosis and hypertension | Human | — | Not specified | The relationship among hypertension, antihypertensive medications, and osteoporosis: a narrative review.cited 75× |
| supplementation with adequate calcium and vitamin D3 doses | Decreases - treatment mode includes | steroid-induced osteoporosis | Human | — | Adequate doses (specific amount not mentioned). | Current indications for prevention and therapy of steroid-iduced osteoporosis in men and women.cited 4× |
| adequate intake of calcium and supplementation of vitamin D | No effect - baseline therapeutic approach | osteoporosis treatment | Human | — | Not mentioned | Monoclonal antibodies for treatment of osteoporosis.cited 3× |
| adequate intakes of calcium and vitamin D | No effect - are essential preventive strategies and essential parts | osteoporosis | Human | — | 800 to 1000 mg/d total calcium intake (including supplements if dietary intake is insufficient). | Calcium supplementation, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.cited 21× |
| inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D | Increases - has been associated with a rising incidence of | osteoporosis | Human | regions such as Asia and Africa | Not specified | Strategies for preventing bone loss in populations with insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake. |
| vitamin D and calcium supplementation | No effect - should be added to | every specific medical treatment of osteoporosis | Human | — | Not specified | The effect of Vitamin D on falls and fractures.cited 29× |
| Vitamin D and calcium supplementation | No effect - is recommended for | osteoporosis | Human | all patients with osteoporosis | Not specified | Osteoporosis in chronic liver disease.cited 23× |
| Vitamin D and calcium supplementation | Decreases - should be recommended | osteoporosis | Human | all patients with chronic liver diseases and osteoporosis | Not specified | Hepatic Osteodystrophy: A Global (Re)View of the Problem.cited 16× |
| vitamin D, calcium and bisphosphonates | No effect - used by | osteoporosis prevention | Human | nursing home residents | Not specified | Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in nursing home residents: the Shelter study.cited 6× |
| vitamin D, calcium and bisphosphonates | No effect - used by | osteoporosis prevention | Human | residents with a recent fracture | Not specified | Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in nursing home residents: the Shelter study.cited 6× |
| calcium | No effect - used by | osteoporosis prevention | Human | nursing home residents | Not specified | Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in nursing home residents: the Shelter study.cited 6× |
| calcium | No effect - used by | osteoporosis prevention | Human | patients with recent falls | Not specified | Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in nursing home residents: the Shelter study.cited 6× |
| calcium | No effect - used by | osteoporosis prevention | Human | residents with severe cognitive impairment | Not specified | Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in nursing home residents: the Shelter study.cited 6× |
| calcium | No effect - used by | osteoporosis prevention | Human | bisphosphonate users | Not specified | Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in nursing home residents: the Shelter study.cited 6× |
| low calcium intakes | Increases - contribute to | osteoporosis development | Human | — | 300 to 2,000 mg/day (mentioned as adaptable range, not study-specific dosage). | Calcium and Bone.cited 7× |
| supplements of calcium and vitamin D | No effect - are given with | drug treatments for osteoporosis | Human | — | 300 to 2,000 mg/day (mentioned as adaptable range, not study-specific dosage). | Calcium and Bone.cited 7× |
| modification of risk factors, use of vitamin D, and supplementation with calcium and bisphosphonates | Decreases - have been shown to be effective | osteoporosis | Human | select groups of patients with chronic liver diseases | Not specified | Bone disorders in chronic liver diseases.cited 45× |
| total calcium intake (diet and supplements) of 1,000 to 1,300 mg/day | Decreases - prevent | osteoporosis and fractures | Human | older adults and the elderly | 1,000–1,300 mg/day (total intake from diet and supplements). | Is excess calcium harmful to health?cited 21× |
| calcium supplementation | Decreases - effective in decreasing | occurrence of osteoporosis | Human | older people, especially postmenopausal women | Not specified | Efficacy of calcium supplementation for human bone health by mass spectrometry profiling and cathepsin K measurement in plasma samples.cited 2× |
| Calcium supplementation | Decreases - widely used for the prevention | osteoporosis | Human | postmenopausal women and in men | Not specified | Does calcium supplementation increase cardiovascular risk?cited 54× |
| calcium supplementation | No effect - has been considered the gold standard therapy | osteoporosis | Human | the general population | High doses (specific amounts not mentioned) | Calcium builds strong bones, and more is better--correct? Well, maybe not.cited 6× |
| calcium supplementation | Decreases - established role in the prevention and treatment | osteoporosis | Human | — | Not specified. | Calcium supplementation and cardiovascular risk: A rising concern.cited 56× |
| calcium supplementation | Decreases - are important | osteoporosis | Human | CKD patients | Not specified | Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Systemic Review.cited 88× |
| calcium supplementation | Decreases - should be included in prevention | osteoporosis-associated fracture | Human | — | Not specified | Antifracture efficacy of currently available therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis.cited 79× |
| calcium supplementation | Decreases - should continue to reduce | osteoporosis risk | Human | postmenopausal women | Not specified | Calcium supplementation in postmenopausal women to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures.cited 16× |
| calcium supplementation | No effect - included | osteoporosis therapy | Human | men | Not specified | Management of osteoporosis in men on androgen deprivation therapy.cited 26× |
| calcium supplementation | No effect - additional focus should be on | osteoporosis treatment | Human | rheumatoid arthritis patients, particularly glucocorticoid users | — | Management of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients.cited 59× |
| calcium supplementation | Decreases - should be included | prevention of osteoporosis-associated fractures | Human | — | Not specified | Current options for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.cited 23× |
| Combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - could prevent | osteoporosis hip fracture | Human | postmenopausal women | Vitamin D dose ≤400 IU/day (specific calcium dosage not mentioned). | Effects of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 89× |
| Appropriate calcium intake | Decreases - prevention of | osteoporosis | Human | — | An increase of around 400-500 mg/day suggested for population-level benefits. | Calcium Intake and Health.cited 164× |
| calcium and vitamin D3 orally | No effect - do not provide support for routine supplementation | osteoporosis | Human | individuals with vertebral spine osteoporosis | 1250 mg Calcium and 125 IU Cholecalciferol, twice daily. | Vertebral spine osteoporosis treatment efficacy in local population: A clinical study.cited 1× |
| calcium supplements | Decreases - standard strategy for prevention | osteoporosis | Human | those consuming inadequate dietary calcium | Not specified | Calcium supplementation: is protecting against osteoporosis counter to protecting against cardiovascular disease?cited 25× |
| calcium supplements | Increases - had significantly greater knowledge | osteoporosis knowledge | Human | patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen-deprivation therapy | Not specified | Osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs, and healthy bone behaviours in patients on androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer.cited 31× |
| calcium supplements | Increases - significantly increased | use for the prevention of complications of osteoporosis | Human | — | Not specified | Effects of calcium intake on the cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women.cited 12× |
| supplementation with calcium and vitamin D | No effect - recommended | glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis | Human | adults under long-term glucocorticoid therapy | Not specified | German Society of Rheumatology recommendations for management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.cited 9× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - used for the treatment | osteoporosis | Human | — | Not specified. | Pharmacological agents and natural compounds: available treatments for osteoporosis.cited 76× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation | No effect - is a key component of prevention and treatment of | osteoporosis | Human | patients unless calcium intake and vitamin D status are optimal | 800 IU/day vitamin D (calcium dosage not specified) | Reducing fracture risk with calcium and vitamin D.cited 122× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation | No effect - are non-pharmacologic treatment options | osteoporosis | Human | — | Not specified | Fragility Fractures: Diagnosis and Treatment.cited 14× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation | Decreases - can be prevented by the use of | osteoporosis and fractures | Human | patients at high risk of osteoporosis and fractures | Not specified | Cancer Treatment and Bone Health.cited 43× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation | No effect - is less effective | prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis | Human | patients receiving or initiating glucocorticoid therapy | — | Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: who to treat with what agent?cited 124× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation | No effect - generally advised | secondary osteoporosis | Human | — | — | Current and future treatments of secondary osteoporosis.cited 16× |
| calcium intake | Decreases - helpful in the prevention and treatment | osteoporosis | Human | — | Not specified | The good, the bad, and the ugly of calcium supplementation: a review of calcium intake on human health.cited 76× |
| calcium intake | Decreases - should be encouraged | risk of osteoporosis | Human | postmenopausal women | Not specified | The epidemiology and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a viewpoint from Brazil.cited 126× |
| calcium | Decreases - protective effect against | osteoporosis | Human | patients with IBD | Not specified | Nutritional Support: The Use of Antioxidants in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.cited 4× |
| calcium | Decreases - important for preventing | osteoporosis | Human | — | Not Assessed | New insights into dairy management and the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: The shift from single nutrient to dairy matrix effects-A review.cited 5× |
| vitamin D in combination with calcium supplementation | No effect - not demonstrated convincing evidence that could improve | bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis and fracture | Human | — | Not specified | Circulating serum vitamin D levels and total body bone mineral density: A Mendelian randomization study.cited 17× |
| proper dietary calcium intake | Decreases - is one aspect of prevention | osteoporosis | HumanMolecular | — | Not specified | Role of Vitamin C in Osteoporosis Development and Treatment-A Literature Review.cited 26× |