Effects of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to determine whether combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation benefits osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Results Summary
Combined calcium and vitamin D significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) in multiple areas (total, lumbar spine, arms, femoral neck) and reduced hip fracture incidence. Subgroup analysis showed femoral neck BMD improvement only with vitamin D doses ≤400 IU/day.
Population
Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Effective Dosage
Vitamin D dose ≤400 IU/day (specific calcium dosage not mentioned).
Duration
Not specified in the abstract.
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation | increase | total bone mineral density (BMD) | postmenopausal women | SMD = 0.537; 95% CI: 0.227 to 0.847 | significantly increased | #1 |
combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation | increase | lumbar spine BMD | postmenopausal women | SMD = 0.233; 95% CI: 0.073 to 0.392; P < 0.001 | significantly increased | #2 |
combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation | increase | arms BMD | postmenopausal women | SMD = 0.464; 95% CI: 0.186 to 0.741 | significantly increased | #3 |
combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation | increase | femoral neck BMD | postmenopausal women | SMD = 0.187; 95% CI: 0.010 to 0.364 | significantly increased | #4 |
combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation | decrease | incidence of hip fracture | postmenopausal women | RR = 0.864; 95% CI: 0.763 to 0.979 | significantly reduced | #5 |
combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation | increase | femoral neck BMD | postmenopausal women | only when the dose of the vitamin D intake was no more than 400 IU d | significantly increased | #6 |
Dairy products fortified with calcium and vitamin D | increase | bone mineral density | - | - | have a favorable effect | #7 |
Combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation | decrease | osteoporosis hip fracture | postmenopausal women | - | could prevent | #8 |
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to explore whether combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of science and Embase databases and reference lists of eligible articles up to Feb, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of combined calcium and vitamin D on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women were included in the present study. RESULTS: Combined calcium and vitamin D significantly increased total bone mineral density (BMD) (standard mean differences (SMD) = 0.537; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.227 to 0.847), lumbar spine BMD (SMD = 0.233; 95% CI: 0.073 to 0.392; P < 0.001), arms BMD (SMD = 0.464; 95% CI: 0.186 to 0.741) and femoral neck BMD (SMD = 0.187; 95% CI: 0.010 to 0.364). It also significantly reduced the incidence of hip fracture (RR = 0.864; 95% CI: 0.763 to 0.979). Subgroup analysis showed that combined calcium and vitamin D significantly increased femoral neck BMD only when the dose of the vitamin D intake was no more than 400 IU d CONCLUSION: Dairy products fortified with calcium and vitamin D have a favorable effect on bone mineral density. Combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation could prevent osteoporosis hip fracture in postmenopausal women.