85
62
18
↑85
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—18
Evidence suggests Melatonin mayincreaseAntioxidant activity.
134 studies (165 claims)
Emerging evidence
Typical effective dose 8 (4.5–16.25) mgacross 16 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| analogues with a methoxy group in non-melatonin positions or with multiple methoxy groups | Decreases - showed either weaker agonist activity or were antagonists | activity as human melatonin type 1 and 2 receptor (hMT1 and hMT2) ligands | Human | Xenopus laevis melanophores | — | Benzocyclobutane, benzocycloheptane and heptene derivatives as melatonin agonists and antagonists. |
| melatonin and Essentiale forte | Decreases - significantly reduced | gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGPT) activity | Human | patients with NAFLD | 2 x 5 mg/day | Effects of treatment with melatonin and tryptophan on liver enzymes, parameters of fat metabolism and plasma levels of cytokines in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease--14 months follow up.cited 109× |
| lemon juice with melatonin | Increases - enhancing | antioxidant activity | HumanAnimal | mice | 1 mL, 1.5 mL, 2 mL (drink assay); 4 mL (diet assay). | The Effect of Lemon Juice (Citrus limon L.) Treated with Melatonin on the Health Status and Treatment of K14HPV16 Mice.cited 1× |
| melatonin administration | Decreases - reduced | activity during lunch/nap time | Human | athletes | 100 mg/day, 30 minutes before bedtime | The benefits of four weeks of melatonin treatment on circadian patterns in resistance-trained athletes.cited 21× |
| melatonin administration | Decreases - changed daily waveforms | motor activity rhythm | Human | athletes | 100 mg/day, 30 minutes before bedtime | The benefits of four weeks of melatonin treatment on circadian patterns in resistance-trained athletes.cited 21× |
| melatonin administration | Decreases - reduced | nocturnal activity | Human | athletes | 100 mg/day, 30 minutes before bedtime | The benefits of four weeks of melatonin treatment on circadian patterns in resistance-trained athletes.cited 21× |
| melatonin administration | Decreases - decreased | cocaine-induced locomotor activity | Animal | naïve and pinealectomized rats | — | Melatonin decreases cocaine-induced locomotor activity in pinealectomized rats. |
| daily melatonin (3 mg) replacement for 3 months | Increases - presented increased | BAT volume and activity | Human | patients with melatonin deficiency (radiotherapy or surgical removal of pineal gland) | 3 mg daily | Melatonin Increases Brown Adipose Tissue Volume and Activity in Patients With Melatonin Deficiency: A Proof-of-Concept Study.cited 37× |
| docosahexenoic acid (DHA)-phospholipids, melatonin and tryptophan supplemented diet | Increases - resulted in an increase | acetylcholine esterase activity | Human | elderly subjects suffering from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | Not specified | Effects of DHA-phospholipids, melatonin and tryptophan supplementation on erythrocyte membrane physico-chemical properties in elderly patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment.cited 20× |
| oral melatonin supplementation | Increases - was lower in the control group than in the experimental | total antioxidant activity (TAS) | Human | 16 young male football players | 6 mg administered 30 min prior to exercise | Melatonin administrated immediately before an intense exercise reverses oxidative stress, improves immunological defenses and lipid metabolism in football players.cited 38× |
| melatonin (MEL) | Increases - increased | ACE2 activity | Animal | rats | — | The vascular influence of melatonin on endothelial response to angiotensin II in diabetic rat aorta. |
| melatonin | Increases - raising | activity and expression of calcium transporters | Animal | ZDF rats | — | Melatonin Ameliorates Organellar Calcium Homeostasis, Improving Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in the Vastus Lateralis Muscle of Both Sexes of Obese Diabetic Rats. |
| melatonin | Increases - regulates | activity of antioxidant enzymes | Human | — | Not specified (mentions "supraphysiological dosages" but no exact amounts). | Melatonin: action as antioxidant and potential applications in human disease and aging.cited 197× |
| melatonin | No effect - may directly modulate the activity | activity of ipRGCs | Animal | rat ipRGCs | — | Co-expression of two subtypes of melatonin receptor on rat M1-type intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. |
| melatonin | Decreases - significantly inhibited | activity of MMP-9 | Molecular | MCF-7/CXCR4 cells | — | Inhibition of breast cancer cell invasion by melatonin is mediated through regulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. |
| melatonin | Decreases - significantly repressed | proteinase activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 | Molecular | MCF-7/6 and MCF-7/Her2.1 cells | — | Inhibition of breast cancer cell invasion by melatonin is mediated through regulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. |
| melatonin | Increases - influencing the activity of phosphoprotein phosphatases | activity of phosphoprotein phosphatases | Human | — | Not provided. | Modulation of serine/threonine phosphatases by melatonin: therapeutic approaches in neurodegenerative diseases.cited 21× |
| melatonin | Increases - influence | activity of the clock's genes | Human | — | Not mentioned | The Effect of Light Exposure at Night (LAN) on Carcinogenesis via Decreased Nocturnal Melatonin Synthesis.cited 22× |
| melatonin | No effect - evaluating the effect | activity of the inflammatory process | Human | — | Not specified | Role of Melatonin in the Inflammatory Process and its Therapeutic Potential.cited 73× |
| Melatonin | Decreases - suppressing the activity of the neurons in the brain's circadian clock | activity of the neurons in the brain's circadian clock | Human | — | Not specified | Good night and good luck: norepinephrine in sleep pharmacology.cited 101× |
| melatonin-related compounds | Decreases - suppressing the activity of the neurons in the brain's circadian clock | activity of the neurons in the brain's circadian clock | Human | — | Not specified | Good night and good luck: norepinephrine in sleep pharmacology.cited 101× |
| melatonin | No effect - role in obesity is mainly related to a switching from white-to-brown adipose tissue phenotype and activity | adipose tissue phenotype and activity | Human | — | Not specified | The role of melatonin in the molecular mechanisms underlying metaflammation and infections in obesity: A narrative review.cited 20× |
| melatonin | No effect - may regulate the immune system by acting directly on thymus morphology and activity | thymus morphology and activity | Human | — | Not specified | The role of melatonin in the molecular mechanisms underlying metaflammation and infections in obesity: A narrative review.cited 20× |
| melatonin | No effect - participates in | anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activity in inflammatory dermatoses | Human | — | Not specified | Melatonin in Dermatologic Allergic Diseases and Other Skin Conditions: Current Trends and Reports.cited 16× |
| melatonin | No effect - participates in | antitumor activity | Human | — | Not specified | Melatonin in Dermatologic Allergic Diseases and Other Skin Conditions: Current Trends and Reports.cited 16× |
| melatonin | Increases - implicate in the antinociceptive activity | antinociceptive activity of sensory neurons | Molecular | sensory neurons | — | Melatonin-mediated inhibition of Cav3.2 T-type Ca |
| melatonin | Increases - is a potent antioxidant | antioxidant activity | Human | — | Not specified | Melatonin is a potential adjuvant to improve clinical outcomes in individuals with obesity and diabetes with coexistence of Covid-19.cited 52× |
| Melatonin | No effect - is a strong antioxidant | antioxidant activity | Human | — | Not specified. | New Uses of Melatonin as a Drug; A Review. |
| Melatonin | No effect - is a strong antioxidant | antioxidant activity | Human | — | Not specified. | New Uses of Melatonin as a Drug; A Review. |
| Melatonin | Increases - stimulating antioxidant enzymes and suppressing prooxidative enzymes activity | antioxidant enzymes activity | HumanMolecular | — | Not specified | Can melatonin help us in radiation oncology treatments?cited 22× |
| Melatonin | Decreases - suppressing prooxidative enzymes activity | prooxidative enzymes activity | HumanMolecular | — | Not specified | Can melatonin help us in radiation oncology treatments?cited 22× |
| melatonin | Decreases - inhibits | aromatase activity | Molecular | — | — | Melatonin: A Potential Antineoplastic Agent in Breast Cancer. |
| melatonin | Decreases - inhibits | aromatase activity | Molecular | — | — | Melatonin: A Potential Antineoplastic Agent in Breast Cancer. |
| melatonin | Decreases - suppresses | metabolic activity | Molecular | — | — | Melatonin: A Potential Antineoplastic Agent in Breast Cancer. |
| melatonin | Decreases - suppresses | metabolic activity | Molecular | — | — | Melatonin: A Potential Antineoplastic Agent in Breast Cancer. |
| melatonin | Decreases - inhibition | ATPase activity of the purified F1 domain | AnimalMolecular | — | Not available | Melatonin rescues cell respiration impaired by hypoxia/reoxygenation in aortic endothelial cells and affects the mitochondrial bioenergetics targeting the F1FO-ATPase. |
| melatonin | No effect - modulate | BAT activity | Human | — | Not specified | Balancing Act: Exploring the Gut Microbiota-Brown Adipose Tissue Axis in PCOS Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Frontiers.cited 4× |
| Melatonin (MT) | Increases - maintaining | BMSC activity | AnimalMolecular | SONFH rats | — | Exogenous melatonin ameliorates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by modulating ferroptosis through GDF15-mediated signaling. |
| Melatonin (MT) | Increases - co-treatment enhanced | CAT activity | Molecular | granulosa cells | Optimal melatonin concentration was determined but not explicitly stated in the abstract. | Effects of Melatonin on H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage of the Granulosa Cells in Hen Ovarian Follicles. |
| Melatonin (MT) | Increases - co-treatment enhanced | GSH activity | Molecular | granulosa cells | Optimal melatonin concentration was determined but not explicitly stated in the abstract. | Effects of Melatonin on H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage of the Granulosa Cells in Hen Ovarian Follicles. |
| Melatonin (MT) | Increases - co-treatment enhanced | SOD activity | Molecular | granulosa cells | Optimal melatonin concentration was determined but not explicitly stated in the abstract. | Effects of Melatonin on H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage of the Granulosa Cells in Hen Ovarian Follicles. |
| melatonin | Increases - increased significantly | catalase activity | Human | patients with PD | 25 mg at noon and 30 minutes before bedtime. | Effect of Melatonin Administration on Mitochondrial Activity and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.cited 29× |
| melatonin | Increases - significant increases | mitochondrial complex 1 activity | Human | patients with PD | 25 mg at noon and 30 minutes before bedtime. | Effect of Melatonin Administration on Mitochondrial Activity and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.cited 29× |
| melatonin | Increases - prevented | catalase activity | AnimalMolecular | rodent Sertoli cells expressing MT1/MT2 receptors | — | Melatonin improves oxidative state and lactate metabolism in rodent Sertoli cells. |
| melatonin | Decreases - decreases | cocaine-induced locomotor activity | Animal | — | — | Melatonin decreases cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization and cocaine-conditioned place preference in rats. |
| melatonin | Decreases - mediated attenuation | decreases in Nrf2 DNA-binding activity | Animal | klotho mutant mice | — | Melatonin attenuates memory impairment induced by Klotho gene deficiency via interactive signaling between MT2 receptor, ERK, and Nrf2-related antioxidant potential. |
| melatonin | Increases - enhances proinflammatory activities | disease activity in RA | Human | RA | Not specified | Reconsidering the Role of Melatonin in Rheumatoid Arthritis.cited 30× |
| melatonin | Increases - promotes disease activity | disease activity in RA | Human | RA | Not specified | Reconsidering the Role of Melatonin in Rheumatoid Arthritis.cited 30× |
| Melatonin | Decreases - suppressing | ER transcriptional activity | Human | estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer | Not specified | Melatonin: A Potential Therapeutic Option for Breast Cancer.cited 38× |
| melatonin | No effect - exerting a reduction of spontaneous, but not evoked activity | evoked activity | Animal | amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ) peptide-injected rats | — | Deregulation of Melatonin Receptors and Differential Modulation of After-Hyperpolarization and Ih Currents Using Melatonin Treatment Due to Amyloid-β-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Hippocampus. |
| melatonin | Decreases - exerting a reduction of spontaneous, but not evoked activity | spontaneous activity | Animal | amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ) peptide-injected rats | — | Deregulation of Melatonin Receptors and Differential Modulation of After-Hyperpolarization and Ih Currents Using Melatonin Treatment Due to Amyloid-β-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Hippocampus. |
| melatonin (10 mg/kg) | Decreases - reduced | GSK3 activity | Animal | AD-like mouse model (C57BL/6 mice) | 10 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally. | Improving effects of melatonin on memory and synaptic potentiation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's-like disease: the involvement of glutamate homeostasis and mGluRs receptors. |
| Melatonin | Decreases - inhibits | HIF-1α activity | HumanMolecular | — | Not specified | The Potential Oncostatic Effects of Melatonin against Prostate Cancer. |
| Melatonin | Decreases - inhibits | HIF-1α activity | HumanMolecular | — | Not specified | The Potential Oncostatic Effects of Melatonin against Prostate Cancer. |
| melatonin | No effect - rhythmically secreted | immune activity | Human | — | Not mentioned | Thymus-Pineal Gland Axis: Revisiting Its Role in Human Life and Ageing.cited 12× |
| melatonin | No effect - mediates the effect | intestinal bacterial activity signals on the body rhythm system | Molecular | — | Not specified. | Melatonin mediates mucosal immune cells, microbial metabolism, and rhythm crosstalk: A therapeutic target to reduce intestinal inflammation.cited 108× |
| melatonin | Increases - advances | intrinsic SCN neural activity rhythms | Animal | rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) | — | Melatonin Signal Transduction Pathways Require E-Box-Mediated Transcription of Per1 and Per2 to Reset the SCN Clock at Dusk. |
| melatonin | Increases - enhanced | low Mg2+-induced epileptiform activity in the hippocampus | Human | — | Not specified | Melatonin in experimental seizures and epilepsy.cited 73× |
| melatonin | Increases - increase | seizure activity | Human | neurologically disabled children | Not specified | Melatonin in experimental seizures and epilepsy.cited 73× |
| melatonin | No effect - modulation | macrophage activity | Human | experimental models of colitis | Not specified | Melatonin, autophagy and intestinal bowel disease.cited 15× |
| melatonin | Decreases - reduction | matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 activity | Human | experimental models of colitis | Not specified | Melatonin, autophagy and intestinal bowel disease.cited 15× |
| melatonin | Decreases - reduction | matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 activity | Human | experimental models of colitis | Not specified | Melatonin, autophagy and intestinal bowel disease.cited 15× |
| melatonin | Decreases - suppression | NFκB activity | Human | experimental models of colitis | Not specified | Melatonin, autophagy and intestinal bowel disease.cited 15× |
| Melatonin | Increases - increased | maspin/GST activity | Animal | — | — | Prolonged Administration of Melatonin Ameliorates Liver Phenotypes in Cholestatic Murine Model. |
| melatonin | Increases - elevates | metabolic activity | Human | mammals | Not specified | Significance and application of melatonin in the regulation of brown adipose tissue metabolism: relation to human obesity.cited 221× |
| melatonin | Decreases - is associated with attenuated | muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) responses to baroreceptor unloading | Human | humans | 3 mg melatonin (single dose). | Melatonin attenuates the vestibulosympathetic but not vestibulocollic reflexes in humans: selective impairment of the utricles.cited 8× |
| melatonin | Decreases - has been reported to decrease | nerve activity of medial vestibular nuclei | Human | the rat | 3 mg melatonin (single dose). | Melatonin attenuates the vestibulosympathetic but not vestibulocollic reflexes in humans: selective impairment of the utricles.cited 8× |
| Melatonin | Decreases - attenuated OST media increased NF-κB binding activity | NF-κB binding activity to the promoter region of Runx2 | Animal | porcine VICs | — | Melatonin Inhibits NF-κB/CREB/Runx2 Signaling and Alleviates Aortic Valve Calcification. |
| melatonin | Increases - can promote | Nrf2 activity | HumanAnimal | — | Not specified | Targeting Sirt1, AMPK, Nrf2, CK2, and Soluble Guanylate Cyclase with Nutraceuticals: A Practical Strategy for Preserving Bone Mass.cited 15× |
| melatonin | No effect - broadly similar | occurrence of epileptiform activity during sleep | Human | children | Not specified | Sleep deprivation and melatonin for inducing sleep in paediatric electroencephalography: a prospective multicentre service evaluation.cited 12× |
| melatonin | Decreases - inhibiting | osteoclast activity | Human | — | Not specified. | Melatonin, bone regulation and the ubiquitin-proteasome connection: A review.cited 48× |
| melatonin | Decreases - inhibiting | osteoclast activity | Molecular | — | Not specified | Effects of Vitamin D, Melatonin, and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Periodontal Health: A Narrative Review. |
| melatonin | Decreases - impairs | osteoclast activity and bone resorption | Human | — | Chronobiotic doses (<10 mg daily); human equivalent doses suggested at 1-1.5 mg/kg/day for a 75 kg adult. | Melatonin as a chronobiotic/cytoprotective agent in bone. Doses involved. |
| melatonin | Decreases - impairs | osteoclast activity and bone resorption | Human | — | Chronobiotic doses (<10 mg daily); human equivalent doses suggested at 1-1.5 mg/kg/day for a 75 kg adult. | Melatonin as a chronobiotic/cytoprotective agent in bone. Doses involved. |
| melatonin (MT) | No effect - maintenance of | phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity | Animal | mango fruit cv. 'Keitt' | 20 μL L-1 PPCP or 200 μM MT. | Harnessing the metabolic modulatory and antioxidant power of 1-(3-Phenyl-Propyl) cyclopropane and melatonin in maintaining mango fruit quality and prolongation storage life.cited 3× |
| melatonin (MT) | No effect - maintenance of | tyrosine ammonia lyase activity | Animal | mango fruit cv. 'Keitt' | 20 μL L-1 PPCP or 200 μM MT. | Harnessing the metabolic modulatory and antioxidant power of 1-(3-Phenyl-Propyl) cyclopropane and melatonin in maintaining mango fruit quality and prolongation storage life.cited 3× |
| melatonin | Increases - restored | pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity | Molecular | — | Not specified | Melatonin attenuates inflammatory bone loss by alleviating mitophagy and lactate production. |
| melatonin | Increases - enhanced | RAC1 activity | AnimalMolecular | in vitro studies | 50 mg/kg for 5 days (pretreatment) | Prolonged melatonin treatment promote testicular recovery by enhancing RAC1-mediated apoptotic cell clearance and cell junction-dependent spermatogensis after heat stress.cited 13× |
| melatonin | No effect - putative targets for prevention and/or therapeutics | Reactive oxygen species, increased sympathetic activity and endothelial dysfunction | Human | FGR and BPD cohorts | — | Fetal growth restriction and neonatal-pediatric lung diseases: Vascular mechanistic links and therapeutic directions.cited 6× |
| Melatonin | Increases - stimulation of Melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) | receptor activity | Molecular | — | Not specified | Melatonin and its ubiquitous anticancer effects. |
| Melatonin | Increases - stimulation of Melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) | receptor activity | Molecular | — | Not specified | Melatonin and its ubiquitous anticancer effects. |
| melatonin | No effect - identified as important players | regulation and maintenance of sleep-wake-dependent changes in neuronal activity and the sleep-wake continuum | HumanAnimal | genetically engineered animal models, healthy volunteers, and sleep-disordered patients | Not specified | Sleep Pharmacogenetics: Personalized Sleep-Wake Therapy.cited 30× |
| melatonin | Decreases - can counteract | renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic over activity | Human | heart failure (HF) | 10 mg tablets of melatonin daily. | Effect of melatonin on heart failure: design for a double-blinded randomized clinical trial.cited 18× |
| melatonin | No effect - modulates | secretory activity of epididymal epithelial cells | Animal | epididymis | — | From spermatogenesis to fertilisation: the role of melatonin on ram spermatozoa. |
| Melatonin | Decreases - attenuate | seizure activity | HumanAnimal | rodents | Not specified | The Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy-Focus on Melatonin.cited 2× |
| Melatonin | Decreases - clinical effectiveness has been also confirmed | seizure activity | HumanAnimal | patients | Not specified | The Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy-Focus on Melatonin.cited 2× |
| endogenous melatonin | Increases - may possess proconvulsive activity | seizure activity | HumanAnimal | — | Not specified | The Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy-Focus on Melatonin.cited 2× |
| endogenous melatonin | Increases - may act as a proconvulsant | seizure activity | HumanAnimal | — | Not specified | The Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy-Focus on Melatonin.cited 2× |
| melatonin | No effect - modulates | SERT activity | Molecular | gastrointestinal tract | — | Melatonin inhibits serotonin transporter activity in intestinal epithelial cells. |
| melatonin | Decreases - inhibits | SERT activity | Molecular | Caco-2 cell line | — | Melatonin inhibits serotonin transporter activity in intestinal epithelial cells. |
| melatonin | Decreases - an inhibitory effect | SIRT1 activity | HumanMolecular | some tumor cells | Not specified | Melatonin and sirtuins: A "not-so unexpected" relationship.cited 125× |
| melatonin treatment | Increases - a rise in activity | SIRT1 activity | HumanMolecular | a diversity of cells and animal models | Not specified | Melatonin and sirtuins: A "not-so unexpected" relationship.cited 125× |
| melatonin | Increases - can enhance the activity of SIRT | SIRT activity | Molecular | — | Not provided. | The role and therapeutic potential of SIRTs in sepsis.cited 5× |
| melatonin | Increases - stimulation of sirtuins 1 and 3 | sirtuin 1 and 3 activity | Animal | context of aging and inflammation | — | Recent Findings in Melatonin Research and Their Relevance to the CNS. |
| melatonin | Decreases - attenuated | sympathetic nerve activity | AnimalMolecular | mice | — | Alleviation of inflammation in paraventricular nucleus and sympathetic outflow by melatonin efficiently repairs endplate porosities and attenuates spinal hyperalgesia. |
| melatonin | Decreases - capable of inhibiting | telomerase activity | Human | — | Not specified | Melatonin, an inhibitory agent in breast cancer.cited 68× |
| melatonin | No effect - may affect | testicular activity | Animal | vertebrates | — | Expression of melatonin (MT1, MT2) and melatonin-related receptors in the adult rat testes and during development. |
| melatonin | No effect - affects | the insulin secretory activity of the pancreatic beta cell | Human | — | Not specified | Chronomedicine and type 2 diabetes: shining some light on melatonin.cited 44× |
| melatonin | No effect - controls | the mitotic activity of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone | Human | — | Not specified | Brain washing and neural health: role of age, sleep, and the cerebrospinal fluid melatonin rhythm.cited 25× |
| melatonin | Decreases - halts | the proliferative activity of cancer cells | HumanMolecular | cancer cells | Not mentioned | Melatonin inhibits Warburg-dependent cancer by redirecting glucose oxidation to the mitochondria: a mechanistic hypothesis.cited 49× |
| Melatonin | Increases - increased | T lymphocyte activity | AnimalMolecular | spleen of Balb/c wild-type mice | Not specified | Melatonin suppresses PD-L1 expression and exerts antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| melatonin | Decreases - exerts strong anti-tumour activity | tumour activity | HumanMolecular | — | Not specified | Melatonin inhibits cell proliferation and induces caspase activation and apoptosis in human malignant lymphoid cell lines. |
| melatonin | Decreases - exerts strong anti-tumour activity | tumour activity | HumanMolecular | — | Not specified | Melatonin inhibits cell proliferation and induces caspase activation and apoptosis in human malignant lymphoid cell lines. |
| melatonin | Decreases - reducing | tyrosinase activity | Human | — | Not specified | Revisiting the role of melatonin in human melanocyte physiology: A skin context perspective. |
| melatonin | Decreases - reducing | tyrosinase activity | Human | — | Not specified | Revisiting the role of melatonin in human melanocyte physiology: A skin context perspective. |
| melatonin | Increases - stimulating α-secretases | α-secretase activity | Human | — | Not specified | Mechanisms of Melatonin in Alleviating Alzheimer's Disease.cited 132× |
| exogenous melatonin (MT) | No effect - initially increased and then declined | antioxidant enzyme activity | Animal | Camellia hainanica seedlings | 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 μmol/L applied through irrigation. | Influence of Exogenous Melatonin on the Physiological Traits of Camellia hainanica Seedlings Under Polyethylene Glycol-Induced Drought Stress. |
| buspirone and melatonin | Increases - displayed antidepressant activity | antidepressant activity | HumanAnimalMolecular | in vitro neurogenesis-based human neural stem cell (hNSCs) assays and rodent in vivo behavioral assays | Melatonin-SR 3 mg combined with buspirone 15 mg | An exploratory study of combination buspirone and melatonin SR in major depressive disorder (MDD): a possible role for neurogenesis in drug discovery.cited 43× |
| melatonin (Mel) co-administration | Increases - increased | hepatic catalase activity | AnimalMolecular | nicotine-exposed animals | 2% RF, 2% RUF, or 4% Mel co-administered with nicotine (5 mg/kg body weight/day). RF pre-treatment in AECs: 0.015 mg/ml. | Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) protects against nicotineinduced vascular injury and oxidative stress in Wistar rats.cited 5× |
| melatonin (Mel) co-administration | Increases - increased | hepatic superoxide dismutase activity | AnimalMolecular | nicotine-exposed animals | 2% RF, 2% RUF, or 4% Mel co-administered with nicotine (5 mg/kg body weight/day). RF pre-treatment in AECs: 0.015 mg/ml. | Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) protects against nicotineinduced vascular injury and oxidative stress in Wistar rats.cited 5× |
| combination of melatonin and agmatine | Increases - was successful in the elevation of | hippocampus catalase activity | Animal | mice | Agmatine (1 mg/kg/day), melatonin (10 mg/kg/day), and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day). | Study of the Antidepressant Effects of the Combination of Agmatine and Melatonin Following Restraint Stress in Mice: the Role of Oxidative Factors. |
| melatonin supplementation in drinking water | No effect - not altering | activity patterns | Animal | C57BL/6J mice (melatonin-deficient) | — | Melatonin administration alters nicotine preference consumption via signaling through high-affinity melatonin receptors. |
| innovative nutraceutical formulation (NF) based on the synergic combination of melatonin (MEL) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) | Decreases - to contract | COX-2 enzymatic activity | HumanMolecular | — | Bioaccessible concentrations of PEA (1.6%) and melatonin (36%) | Nutraceutical formulation based on a synergic combination of melatonin and palmitoylethanolamide for the management of allergic events.cited 1× |
| melatonin (MEL) and/or L-carnitine (L-CAR) | Decreases - decreased | caspase-3 activity | AnimalMolecular | isolated rat hepatocytes | — | Protective effects of melatonin and L-carnitine against methotrexate-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. |
| 3 months melatonin supplementation | Increases - increased | superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity | Human | interferons beta-treated groups | 5 mg daily | Influence of melatonin supplementation on serum antioxidative properties and impact of the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients.cited 49× |
| exogenous melatonin at appropriate concentrations (0.02, 0.1 mmol·L-1) under salt stress | Increases - enhance | peroxidase activity | Animal | 4-year-old Ginkgo biloba seedlings | Melatonin solution (0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.5 mmol·L-1) applied via leaf spray and soil watering | Effects of exogenous melatonin on the osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity of Ginkgo biloba seedlings under salt stress.cited 2× |
| exogenous melatonin at appropriate concentrations (0.02, 0.1 mmol·L-1) under salt stress | Increases - enhance | superoxide dismutase activity | Animal | 4-year-old Ginkgo biloba seedlings | Melatonin solution (0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.5 mmol·L-1) applied via leaf spray and soil watering | Effects of exogenous melatonin on the osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity of Ginkgo biloba seedlings under salt stress.cited 2× |
| blockade of melatonin receptors using 4P-PDOT | No effect - confirmed the role of melatonin | mononuclear cell activity | HumanMolecular | — | — | Melatonin synthesis in human colostrum mononuclear cells enhances dectin-1-mediated phagocytosis by mononuclear cells. |
| blockade of melatonin receptors using luzindole | No effect - confirmed the role of melatonin | mononuclear cell activity | HumanMolecular | — | — | Melatonin synthesis in human colostrum mononuclear cells enhances dectin-1-mediated phagocytosis by mononuclear cells. |
| indole compounds and melatonin derivatives | No effect - had an IC50 value | antimalarial activity | HumanMolecular | several species of Plasmodium | Not specified | Melatonin action in Plasmodium infection: Searching for molecules that modulate the asexual cycle as a strategy to impair the parasite cycle.cited 5× |
| melatonin treatment (HFD-Mi + M) | Increases - enhancing | antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase activity | Animal | — | Not specified | Prenatal melatonin reprograms liver injury in male pups caused by maternal exposure to a high-fat diet and microplastics. |
| melatonin treatment | Decreases - lowered | iNOS activity | Animal | WT animals | — | Evidence that membrane-bound G protein-coupled melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 are not involved in the neuroprotective effects of melatonin in focal cerebral ischemia. |
| 100 μM melatonin treatment | Increases - the most effective in boosting | antioxidant enzyme activity | Animal | saffron plants | 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM melatonin applied as foliar sprays. | Effect of melatonin on the contents of fatty acids and antioxidants of saffron. |
| Pre-treatment with melatonin (MEL) | No effect - prevented | MGA-induced decrease of CK activity | AnimalMolecular | rat heart | — | 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric and 3-methylglutaric acids impair redox status and energy production and transfer in rat heart: relevance for the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency. |
| Melatonin with or without BLT | No effect - did not strengthen | wake-activity rhythms | Human | 49 adults (18-55 years) with ADHD and DSPS | 0.5 mg/day melatonin, with or without 30 minutes of bright light therapy (BLT) between 0700 and 0800 h. | Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial on the Effects of Chronotherapy on Sleep.cited 6× |
| melatonin and epithalon | No effect - restored age dynamics | pepsin activity | Animal | animals exposed to constant lighting | — | Effects of Geroprotectors on Age-Related Changes in Proteolytic Digestive Enzyme Activities at Different Lighting Conditions. |
| melatonin and epithalon | No effect - little affected | total proteolytic activity | Animal | animals exposed to constant lighting | — | Effects of Geroprotectors on Age-Related Changes in Proteolytic Digestive Enzyme Activities at Different Lighting Conditions. |
| exogenous melatonin (MT, 1000 μmol L-1) treatment | Decreases - dramatically inhibited | enzyme activity of PPO | Animal | two mango cultivars | 1000 μmol L-1 melatonin | Effect of Melatonin on Fruit Quality via Decay Inhibition and Enhancement of Antioxidative Enzyme Activities and Genes Expression of Two Mango Cultivars during Cold Storage.cited 10× |
| exogenous melatonin treatment | No effect - did not affect | locomotor activity | Animal | fattening lambs at weaning | Two subcutaneous melatonin implants (specific dosage not provided). | Triaxial accelerometers and subcutaneous biologgers as tools to record diurnal and nocturnal changes in locomotor activity, body temperature, heart rate, and heart rate variability in melatonin-treated lambs (Ovis aries). |
| prolonged-release melatonin (2 mg) | No effect - did not affect | EEG slow-wave activity (SWA, 0.75-4.5 Hz) during nocturnal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep | Human | sixteen healthy men and women aged 55-64 years | 2 mg prolonged-release melatonin (single oral dose). | Randomised clinical trial of the effects of prolonged-release melatonin, temazepam and zolpidem on slow-wave activity during sleep in healthy people. |
| prolonged-release melatonin (2 mg) | No effect - did not affect | EEG slow-wave activity (SWA, 0.75-4.5 Hz) during nocturnal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep | Human | sixteen healthy men and women aged 55-64 years | 2 mg prolonged-release melatonin (single oral dose). | Randomised clinical trial of the effects of prolonged-release melatonin, temazepam and zolpidem on slow-wave activity during sleep in healthy people. |
| prolonged-release melatonin (2 mg) | Decreases - only reduced | EEG slow-wave activity (SWA, 0.75-4.5 Hz) during the first third of the night | Human | sixteen healthy men and women aged 55-64 years | 2 mg prolonged-release melatonin (single oral dose). | Randomised clinical trial of the effects of prolonged-release melatonin, temazepam and zolpidem on slow-wave activity during sleep in healthy people. |
| prolonged-release melatonin (2 mg) | Decreases - only reduced | EEG slow-wave activity (SWA, 0.75-4.5 Hz) during the first third of the night | Human | sixteen healthy men and women aged 55-64 years | 2 mg prolonged-release melatonin (single oral dose). | Randomised clinical trial of the effects of prolonged-release melatonin, temazepam and zolpidem on slow-wave activity during sleep in healthy people. |
| melatonin supplementation | No effect - did not cause significant change | disease activity | Human | SLE females | 10 mg/day | Effects of melatonin supplementation on serum oxidative stress markers and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 10× |
| melatonin supplementation | No effect - without any effect on | disease activity | Human | SLE patients | 10 mg/day | Effects of melatonin supplementation on serum oxidative stress markers and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 10× |
| melatonin supplementation (20 mg/d) | Increases - higher | glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity | Human | melatonin-treated group (MG) | — | Effect of Melatonin Supplementation on Antioxidant Status and DNA Damage in High Intensity Trained Athletes.cited 31× |
| melatonin supplementation (20 mg/d) | No effect - no differences were found | superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity | Human | melatonin-treated group (MG) | — | Effect of Melatonin Supplementation on Antioxidant Status and DNA Damage in High Intensity Trained Athletes.cited 31× |
| loss of NAS and melatonin | No effect - modulating the patterning of | immune activity | Human | — | Not specified | Overlapping the Tryptophan Catabolite (TRYCAT) and Melatoninergic Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease.cited 15× |
| Melatonin for 2 weeks | Decreases - dose-dependently reduced | ethanol-induced increases in motor activity | Animal | Male Sprague-Dawley rats | — | Long-term oral melatonin administration reduces ethanol-induced increases in duodenal mucosal permeability and motility in rats. |
| sublingual melatonin | Increases - exerts well-defined dose-dependent antinociceptive activity | antinociceptive activity | Human | healthy subjects aged 19 to 47 y | 0.05 mg/kg, 0.15 mg/kg, and 0.25 mg/kg sublingual melatonin (single dose). | A Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Dose-Response Trial of the Melatonin Effect on the Pain Threshold of Healthy Subjects.cited 25× |
| genetic deletion of melatonin receptors | Increases - demonstrate | a lengthened circadian period of free-running motor activity | Animal | melatonin receptor-deficient mice | — | Genetic deletion of MT₁/MT₂ melatonin receptors enhances murine cognitive and motor performance. |
| genetic deletion of melatonin receptors | Increases - revealed | significant differences in brain protein expression levels of phosphoCREB and phosphoERK1/2 and key markers of synaptic activity (synapsin, glutamate receptor 1, spinophilin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 1) | Animal | double-knockout animals | — | Genetic deletion of MT₁/MT₂ melatonin receptors enhances murine cognitive and motor performance. |
| melatonin (MEL) pretreatment prior to DM | Decreases - has been found to reverse | serum AchE activity, MDA and NO levels, antioxidant enzymes activity | Animal | Adult female rats | — | Biochemical and genetic alterations of oxidant/antioxidant status of the brain in rats treated with dexamethasone: protective roles of melatonin and acetyl-L-carnitine. |
| melatonin (MEL) adjuvant treatment | Decreases - significantly lower | The Mayo Clinic Disease Activity Index (MCDAI) values | Human | patients with left-sided UC | 5 mg melatonin daily at bedtime. | Evaluation of melatonin effectiveness in the adjuvant treatment of ulcerative colitis.cited 62× |
| melatonin solutions (50, 100, 200 and 400 µM) | Increases - enhanced | superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity | Animal | postharvest jujube fruits (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Shucuizao) | 0 (control), 50, 100, 200, and 400 µM melatonin solutions | Exogenous melatonin treatment on post-harvest jujube fruits maintains physicochemical qualities during extended cold storage.cited 5× |