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3
25
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Evidence suggests Creatine haslittle to no effecton Kidney function.
34 studies (52 claims)
Conflicting evidence
Typical effective dose 20000 (20000–20000) mgacross 1 dosed study
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| one-year low-dose creatine supplementation (1g/d) | No effect - were not significantly changed | muscle function as assessed by timed-stands test | Human | older postmenopausal women | 1g/d | Effects of long-term low-dose dietary creatine supplementation in older women.cited 41× |
| one-year low-dose creatine supplementation (1g/d) | No effect - were not significantly changed | muscle function as assessed by timed-up-and-go test | Human | older postmenopausal women | 1g/d | Effects of long-term low-dose dietary creatine supplementation in older women.cited 41× |
| lactoferrin and creatine combination | Increases - improved | muscle function | Animal | C57BL/6 mice with D-galactose-induced sarcopenia | Not specified in the abstract. | The Combination of Lactoferrin and Creatine Ameliorates Muscle Decay in a Sarcopenia Murine Model.cited 2× |
| creatine | Increases - improved | muscle function | Animal | C57BL/6 mice with D-galactose-induced sarcopenia | Not specified in the abstract. | The Combination of Lactoferrin and Creatine Ameliorates Muscle Decay in a Sarcopenia Murine Model.cited 2× |
| creatine (CR) supplementation combined with strengthening exercises | Increases - significantly improved | physical function as measured by the timed-stands test | Human | postmenopausal women with knee OA | 20 g/day for 1 week, then 5 g/day thereafter | Beneficial effect of creatine supplementation in knee osteoarthritis.cited 43× |
| creatine (CR) supplementation combined with strengthening exercises | Increases - presented improvements | physical function subscale as evaluated by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index | Human | postmenopausal women with knee OA | 20 g/day for 1 week, then 5 g/day thereafter | Beneficial effect of creatine supplementation in knee osteoarthritis.cited 43× |
| creatine supplementation combined with resistance training | Increases - improved | muscle function | Human | older vulnerable women | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine supplementation and resistance training in vulnerable older women: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.cited 72× |
| creatine and CoQ10 combination therapy | Increases - could delay the decline | cognitive function | Human | PD-MCI patients | CoQ10 100 mg three times daily (t.i.d.) and creatine monohydrate 5 g twice daily (b.i.d.). | The effect of creatine and coenzyme q10 combination therapy on mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.cited 42× |
| creatine nitrate and caffeine that were co-ingested | Increases - significantly enhanced | cognitive function | Human | resistance-trained male athletes | 400 mg/day | The Effect of Creatine Nitrate and Caffeine Individually or Combined on Exercise Performance and Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.cited 6× |
| creatine monohydrate | Increases - may also improve | neuromuscular function | Human | — | Not available | Assessment and management of fatigue in neuromuscular disease.cited 34× |
| formulated Dodecyl creatine ester (DCE) | No effect - modulates the expression of neuronal markers related to cognitive function | expression of neuronal markers related to cognitive function | HumanAnimal | various animal models, including wild-type non-human primates and creatine transporter deficient mice | Not specified | Dodecyl creatine ester, a promising treatment to deliver creatine to neurons, achieves pharmacology efficacy in creatine transporter deficiency. |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - has consistently been demonstrated to augment adaptations | body composition, muscle strength and physical function | Human | apparently healthy older adults and clinical populations | Not specified in the abstract. | Examining the effects of creatine supplementation in augmenting adaptations to resistance training in patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 13× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - can augment beneficial adaptations | body composition, physical function and/or psychosocial outcomes | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Examining the effects of creatine supplementation in augmenting adaptations to resistance training in patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 13× |
| creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training | No effect - aims to examine the effects | body composition, muscle strength and physical function | Human | prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy | Not specified in the abstract. | Examining the effects of creatine supplementation in augmenting adaptations to resistance training in patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.cited 13× |
| Creatine supplementation | Increases - increased | brain function (memory and intelligence) | Human | vegetarian participants | Not specified | Benefits of Creatine Supplementation for Vegetarians Compared to Omnivorous Athletes: A Systematic Review.cited 36× |
| creatine supplementation | No effect - a cause-and-effect relationship has not been established | improvement in cognitive function in one or more of its domains | Human | — | 2.2-20 g/day, with acute effects observed at 20 g/day for 5-7 days and continuous consumption at 5 g/day for 6 weeks after a 5-day loading phase. | Creatine and improvement in cognitive function: Evaluation of a health claim pursuant to article 13(5) of regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.cited 1× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - improve | intestinal barrier function | HumanAnimal | the rodent suffering from inflammatory bowel disease | Not specified | The role of dietary creatine.cited 101× |
| creatine supplementation | No effect - does not affect | kidney function | Human | type 2 diabetic patients | Not specified | Creatine supplementation does not impair kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.cited 53× |
| Creatine supplementation | No effect - appears to have no detrimental effects | kidney function | Human | individuals without underlying renal diseases | Up to 6000 mg/day | The Renal Safety of L-Carnitine, L-Arginine, and Glutamine in Athletes and Bodybuilders. |
| Creatine supplementation | No effect - appears to have no detrimental effects | kidney function | Human | individuals without underlying renal diseases | Up to 6000 mg/day | The Renal Safety of L-Carnitine, L-Arginine, and Glutamine in Athletes and Bodybuilders. |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - can improve | lean mass and muscle function | Human | older populations | Not specified | Creatine supplementation in the aging population: effects on skeletal muscle, bone and brain.cited 67× |
| creatine | Increases - appears to be applicable | lean mass and muscle function | Human | older individuals regardless of sex, fitness or health status | Not specified | Creatine supplementation in the aging population: effects on skeletal muscle, bone and brain.cited 67× |
| creatine supplementation | No effect - no additional effects of | LM, muscle strength and physical function | Human | patients with prostate cancer undergoing ADT | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine supplementation does not add to resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients under androgen deprivation therapy: A double-blind randomized trial. |
| resistance exercise + creatine (SUPP) | Increases - improvements in | physical function | Human | Men with prostate cancer receiving ADT | Not specified in the abstract. | Creatine supplementation does not add to resistance training effects in prostate cancer patients under androgen deprivation therapy: A double-blind randomized trial. |
| creatine supplementation | No effect - did not affect | muscle function | Human | non-active C-SLE patients | 0.1 g/kg/day | Efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.cited 18× |
| creatine supplementation | No effect - there were no significant changes | muscle function parameters | Human | C-SLE patients with mild disease activity | 0.1 g/kg/day | Efficacy and safety of creatine supplementation in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.cited 18× |
| creatine supplementation | No effect - did not augment the adaptive effects of resistance training along with whey protein on | muscle function | Human | older subjects with frailty | Not specified in the abstract. | Resistance Training and Co-supplementation with Creatine and Protein in Older Subjects with Frailty.cited 22× |
| Creatine supplementation | Decreases - may cause | renal function impairment | Human | patients with kidney dysfunction | Not specified | Creatine Supplementation in Depression: A Review of Mechanisms, Efficacy, Clinical Outcomes, and Future Directions.cited 1× |
| creatine supplementation | Increases - may also experience benefits in | skeletal muscle size and function | Human | post-menopausal females | High doses (0.3 g·kg) for post-menopausal females; specific dosage for pre-menopausal females not mentioned. | Creatine Supplementation in Women's Health: A Lifespan Perspective.cited 39× |
| creatine supplementation after supervised resistance training | No effect - no change | kidney function | Human | healthy older adults | 0.1g/kg creatine before or after training, 3 days/week. | Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 25× |
| creatine supplementation before supervised resistance training | No effect - no change | kidney function | Human | healthy older adults | 0.1g/kg creatine before or after training, 3 days/week. | Comparison of creatine supplementation before versus after supervised resistance training in healthy older adults.cited 25× |
| creatine | Increases - improves | cognitive function | Human | normal and elderly people | Not specified | Creatine supplementation during pregnancy: summary of experimental studies suggesting a treatment to improve fetal and neonatal morbidity and reduce mortality in high-risk human pregnancy.cited 53× |
| creatine | Increases - improved | motor function | HumanAnimalMolecular | the R6/2 and the N-171-82Q transgenic mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD) | Not specified | Neuroprotective effects of creatine.cited 133× |
| creatine | No effect - had no clinically important effect | motor function scores | Human | SMA types II or III (or both) | Not specified | Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III. |
| creatine | No effect - had no clinically important effect | motor function scores | Human | SMA types II or III (or both) | Not specified | Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III. |
| creatine | No effect - no statistically significant changes | muscle function | Human | patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) | Not specified in the abstract. | The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Muscle Function in Childhood Myositis: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Feasibility Study.cited 10× |
| creatine | No effect - revealed no significant improvement | skeletal muscle function | Animal | zebrafish model for nemaline myopathy | — | Testing of therapies in a novel nebulin nemaline myopathy model demonstrate a lack of efficacy. |
| creatine (supplementation or habitual diet) | Increases - provides a ray of 'hope' for improving | some aspects of cognitive function | Human | — | Not specified | Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on Muscle, Bone and Brain- Hope or Hype for Older Adults?cited 3× |
| oral creatine supplementation | No effect - no detrimental effect | liver function | Human | patients with coronary artery disease or chronic heart failure | Not specified in the abstract. | Effect of creatine supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy to exercise training in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial.cited 26× |
| oral creatine supplementation | No effect - no detrimental effect | renal function | Human | patients with coronary artery disease or chronic heart failure | Not specified in the abstract. | Effect of creatine supplementation as a potential adjuvant therapy to exercise training in cardiac patients: a randomized controlled trial.cited 26× |
| oral creatine (Cr) supplementation | No effect - failed to improve | objectively assessed physical function | Human | RA patients | Not specified (only duration mentioned). | Can Creatine Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Objective Physical Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients? A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 30× |
| oral creatine (Cr) supplementation | No effect - not | objective physical function | Human | patients with RA | Not specified (only duration mentioned). | Can Creatine Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Objective Physical Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients? A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 30× |
| creatine monohydrate supplementation | Increases - was more beneficial in | cognitive function | Human | individuals with diseases | Not specified | The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| creatine monohydrate supplementation | Increases - was more beneficial in | cognitive function | Human | those aged 18-60 years | Not specified | The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| creatine monohydrate supplementation | Increases - was more beneficial in | cognitive function | Human | females | Not specified | The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| creatine monohydrate supplementation | No effect - No significant differences were found between | cognitive function | Human | — | Not specified | The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| creatine monohydrate supplementation | No effect - no significant improvements were found on | executive function | Human | adults | Not specified | The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| creatine monohydrate supplementation | No effect - no significant improvements were found on | overall cognitive function | Human | adults | Not specified | The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| creatine monohydrate supplementation | No effect - No modification | hepatic function | Human | resistance training practitioners | 0.3 g/kg per day creatine monohydrate. | Creatine supplementation improves performance, but is it safe? Double-blind placebo-controlled study.cited 9× |
| creatine monohydrate supplementation | No effect - No modification | renal function | Human | resistance training practitioners | 0.3 g/kg per day creatine monohydrate. | Creatine supplementation improves performance, but is it safe? Double-blind placebo-controlled study.cited 9× |
| Creatine monohydrate supplementation (CrM) | Decreases - adversely affects | liver function | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Part II. Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?cited 6× |
| Creatine monohydrate supplementation (CrM) | Decreases - adversely affects | renal function | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Part II. Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?cited 6× |