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Evidence suggests Walking mayincreaseBalance.
58 studies (76 claims)
Strong consensus
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| underwater walking therapy | No effect - no statistically significant difference | Berg Balance Scale (BBS) results | Human | patients with a history of stroke | Not specified | Comparison of the effectiveness of anti-gravity treadmill exercises and underwater walking exercises on cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity and balance in stroke patients.cited 8× |
| trunk motion visual feedback treadmill walking | Increases - improve | dynamic balance | Human | older adults with self-reported balance problems | Treadmill walking 3 times per week for 4 weeks in 2-minute bouts separated by seated rest. | Trunk motion visual feedback during walking improves dynamic balance in older adults: Assessor blinded randomized controlled trial.cited 14× |
| trunk motion visual feedback treadmill walking | Increases - had a larger improvement | dynamic balance subtests of the BESTest | Human | individuals with more profound sensory impairments | Treadmill walking 3 times per week for 4 weeks in 2-minute bouts separated by seated rest. | Trunk motion visual feedback during walking improves dynamic balance in older adults: Assessor blinded randomized controlled trial.cited 14× |
| six-month brisk walking and balance program | Increases - promotes | dynamic balance | Human | people with mild to moderate PD | 10 supervised 90-minute sessions (weeks 1-6: once/week, weeks 7-26: once/month) plus 2-3 self-practice sessions weekly. | Six-Month Community-Based Brisk Walking and Balance Exercise Alleviates Motor Symptoms and Promotes Functions in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 39× |
| Backward Walking Training (BWT) | Increases - group difference effect size was large | Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale | Human | individuals 1-week poststroke | Eight, 30-minute sessions of BWT or SBT in addition to scheduled therapy. | A Backward Walking Training Program to Improve Balance and Mobility in Acute Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 42× |
| Backward Walking Training (BWT) | Increases - group difference effect size was moderate | Berg Balance Scale | Human | individuals 1-week poststroke | Eight, 30-minute sessions of BWT or SBT in addition to scheduled therapy. | A Backward Walking Training Program to Improve Balance and Mobility in Acute Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 42× |
| backward walking training | Increases - improved | balance | Human | children with cerebral palsy | Not specified | Addition of backward walking training to forward walking training improves walking speed in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review with meta-analysis. |
| backward walking training (TRAIN-BW) | Decreases - may be an innovative intervention to address | balance impairments and falls | Human | persons with MS | Not specified (intervention involves 8 weeks of backward walking training). | Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing backward walking to forward walking training on balance in multiple sclerosis: The TRAIN-MS trial.cited 1× |
| backward walking training (TRAIN-BW) | No effect - aims to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of | static, anticipatory, and reactive balance | Human | individuals with MS with self-reported walking dysfunction or ≥ 2 falls in the past 6 months | Not specified (intervention involves 8 weeks of backward walking training). | Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing backward walking to forward walking training on balance in multiple sclerosis: The TRAIN-MS trial.cited 1× |
| backward walking training | Increases - showed significant improvement | Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) | Human | children with cerebral palsy | Training was conducted three times a week for 4 weeks, 40 minutes per day. | A Backward Walking Training Program to Improve Balance and Mobility in Children with Cerebral Palsy.cited 5× |
| forward walking training | Increases - showed significant improvement | Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) | Human | children with cerebral palsy | Training was conducted three times a week for 4 weeks, 40 minutes per day. | A Backward Walking Training Program to Improve Balance and Mobility in Children with Cerebral Palsy.cited 5× |
| backward walking training using body weight supported treadmill training | Increases - improvements | tandem balance | Human | an individual with quadriparesis (incomplete C3-C6 spinal cord injury) | Biweekly sessions (frequency), 3 weeks per phase (duration). | Comparison of forward versus backward walking using body weight supported treadmill training in an individual with a spinal cord injury: a single subject design.cited 11× |
| forward walking training using body weight supported treadmill training | Increases - improvements | tandem balance | Human | an individual with quadriparesis (incomplete C3-C6 spinal cord injury) | Biweekly sessions (frequency), 3 weeks per phase (duration). | Comparison of forward versus backward walking using body weight supported treadmill training in an individual with a spinal cord injury: a single subject design.cited 11× |
| using a walking aid | Increases - associated with | clinically meaningful improvement in balance | Human | people with MS | Not specified | Factors influencing balance improvement in multiple sclerosis rehabilitation: A pragmatic multicentric trial.cited 13× |
| four-week incremental MS walking program | Decreases - significantly improved | balance | Human | recreationally active young adults | 3,000 steps/day in the first week, increasing to 5,000 steps/day for the remaining three weeks. | A four-week minimalist shoe walking intervention influences foot posture and balance in young adults-a randomized controlled trial.cited 2× |
| four-week incremental MS walking program | Decreases - improvements remained | balance | Human | recreationally active young adults | 3,000 steps/day in the first week, increasing to 5,000 steps/day for the remaining three weeks. | A four-week minimalist shoe walking intervention influences foot posture and balance in young adults-a randomized controlled trial.cited 2× |
| robot-assisted walking training with rhythmic arm swing | Increases - appeared to be significantly higher | Berg balance scale scores | Human | patients with subacute stroke | 30 training sessions (frequency not specified). | Effects of integrating rhythmic arm swing into robot-assisted walking in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study.cited 5× |
| transcutaneous peroneal nerve stimulator while walking (tPNS) | Increases - improved | Berg Balance scales (BBS) scores | Human | patients with chronic stroke and ankle-foot motor impairment | Not specified (intervention involved using the tPNS device during walking tasks). | Spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic assessment of the effects of a foot drop stimulator for home-based rehabilitation of patients with chronic stroke: a randomized clinical trial.cited 5× |
| 12-week split-belt treadmill walking (Sb-TW) practice using an error augmentation strategy | Increases - demonstrated more favorable changes | dynamic balance | Human | adolescents with unilateral cerebral palsy (ULCP) | Not specified | Exploring Temporospatial Gait Asymmetry, Dynamic Balance, and Locomotor Capacity After a 12-Week Split-Belt Treadmill Training in Adolescents with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Study.cited 4× |
| 12-week split-belt treadmill walking (Sb-TW) practice using an error augmentation strategy | Decreases - can be capitalized on for remediating | dynamic balance deficits | Human | adolescents with ULCP | Not specified | Exploring Temporospatial Gait Asymmetry, Dynamic Balance, and Locomotor Capacity After a 12-Week Split-Belt Treadmill Training in Adolescents with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Study.cited 4× |
| backward walking training program | Increases - was better than | balance | Human | healthy boys | 25 minutes per session, 2 times weekly. | Backward walking training improves balance in school-aged boys.cited 22× |
| backward walking training program | Increases - was still better than | balance | Human | healthy boys | 25 minutes per session, 2 times weekly. | Backward walking training improves balance in school-aged boys.cited 22× |
| Backward walking (BW) training program | Increases - significant gains | balance and walking function | Human | patients with first-time stroke | 20 minutes of over-ground backward walking per session, 10 daily sessions. | Clinical application of backward walking training to improve walking function, balance, and fall-risk in acute stroke: a case series.cited 7× |
| Walking interventions | Increases - had a significant pooled effect on improving | balance confidence | Human | adults with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D) | Not specified | Balance Interventions to Improve Upright Balance Control and Balance Confidence in People With Motor-Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury or Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 1× |
| Walking interventions | Increases - had clinically meaningful and significant pooled effects on improving | standing balance control | Human | adults with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D) | Not specified | Balance Interventions to Improve Upright Balance Control and Balance Confidence in People With Motor-Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury or Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 1× |
| Walking interventions | Increases - had greater effects on | upright balance control | Human | adults with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D) | Not specified | Balance Interventions to Improve Upright Balance Control and Balance Confidence in People With Motor-Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury or Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 1× |
| Nordic walking (NW) programmes | Increases - significant differences were found | dynamic balance | Human | individuals with coronary artery disease | Not specified | Nordic walking for individuals with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 35× |
| multidisciplinary rehabilitation intervention consisting of inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation with follow-up, including walking exercises with and without body-weight support, conventional physiotherapy, and subsequent individual physiotherapy sessions with guidance in home exercises | No effect - remained unchanged | Berg Balance Scale (BBS) | Human | 65- to 85-year-old persons who had a stroke within the previous 3-36 months | Inpatient (20 days) or outpatient (18 days) rehabilitation, followed by 10-15 individual physiotherapy sessions and home exercises. | Walking Training and Functioning Among Elderly Persons With Stroke: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study.cited 5× |
| walking backward training program | Increases - had a significant effect on | balance | Human | female students with forward head posture | Three exercise sessions per week. | A period of backwards walking affects the craniovertebral angle, proprioception, balance, and foot pressure on forward head posture of female students. |
| walking backward | Increases - enhanced | balance | Human | individuals with forward head posture | Three exercise sessions per week. | A period of backwards walking affects the craniovertebral angle, proprioception, balance, and foot pressure on forward head posture of female students. |
| backward walking action observational training (BWOT) | Increases - showed significant improvements in | activity-specific balance confidence (ABC) score | Human | chronic stroke patients | Traditional therapy for 5 days per week and BWOT for 3 days a week. | The effect of backward walking observational training on gait parameters and balance in chronic stroke: randomized controlled study.cited 10× |
| walking | Increases - improve | balance | Human | older adults in long-term care | Not specified | Recreational Therapy to Promote Mobility in Long-Term Care: A Scoping Review.cited 8× |
| additional backward walking therapy | Increases - helps improve | balance | Human | patients with stroke | 30-minute backward walking training five times a week. | [Effectiveness of backward walking treadmill training in lower extremity function after stroke].cited 22× |
| backward walking treadmill training | Increases - significantly higher than that of the control group | Berg balance scale (BBS) score | Human | patients with stroke | 30-minute backward walking training five times a week. | [Effectiveness of backward walking treadmill training in lower extremity function after stroke].cited 22× |
| high-intensity training (HIT) focused on forward walking | No effect | balance confidence | Human | individuals who were ambulatory and >6 months after stroke | ≤30 sessions of high-intensity training (HIT) in variable contexts, HIT focused on forward walking, or low-intensity variable training. | Gains in Daily Stepping Activity in People With Chronic Stroke After High-Intensity Gait Training in Variable Contexts.cited 9× |
| walking training with laser-cane and traditional physical therapy | Increases - improved | Berg Balance Scale (BBS) | Human | stroke patients | 15 minutes of walking training with laser-cane and 15 minutes of traditional physical therapy, twice per week | Efficacy of a novel walking assist device with auxiliary laser illuminator in stroke Patients~ a randomized control trial.cited 1× |
| bilateral custom-made ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) plus walking shoes | Increases - effective in improving | balance | Human | older adults with concern about or at risk for falling | Daily use of custom-made bilateral AFO with walking shoes. | Effectiveness of Daily Use of Bilateral Custom-Made Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Balance, Fear of Falling, and Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 23× |
| backward walking training on the treadmill | Increases - demonstrated significant improvements | balance | Human | badminton players | Not specified in the abstract. | Enhancing physical attributes and performance in badminton players: efficacy of backward walking training on treadmill.cited 1× |
| assisted walking | Increases - significantly improved | balance | Human | nonambulatory stroke survivors | Not specified | Physical fitness interventions for nonambulatory stroke survivors: A mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 20× |
| free walking training | Increases - improvements were found | static balance | Human | untrained older people | Not specified | Effects of Nordic walking training on quality of life, balance and functional mobility in elderly: A randomized clinical trial.cited 44× |
| Nordic walking training | No effect - did not result in greater improvements than free walking training | static balance | Human | untrained older people | Not specified | Effects of Nordic walking training on quality of life, balance and functional mobility in elderly: A randomized clinical trial.cited 44× |
| Nordic walking training | Increases - improvements were found | static balance | Human | untrained older people | Not specified | Effects of Nordic walking training on quality of life, balance and functional mobility in elderly: A randomized clinical trial.cited 44× |
| lateral stair walking training | Increases - can be used as an effective treatment to improve | balance performance | Human | patients with chronic stroke | 15 minutes of lateral stair walking exercise plus 15 minutes of traditional physiotherapy, once a week. | Efficacy of lateral stair walking training in patients with chronic stroke: A pilot randomized controlled study.cited 3× |
| overground robotic walking training performed with the servo-assistive robotic rollator (i-Walker) | Increases - improved | balance | Human | patients affected by mild/moderate stroke | Two daily 40-minute sessions, 5 days a week for 4 weeks (20 sessions with i-Walker, 20 sessions standard therapy). | Overground walking training with the i-Walker, a robotic servo-assistive device, enhances balance in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.cited 19× |
| overground robotic walking training performed with the servo-assistive robotic rollator (i-Walker) | Increases - higher treatment effectiveness | balance improvement (Tinetti) | Human | patients with mild subacute stroke | Two daily 40-minute sessions, 5 days a week for 4 weeks (20 sessions with i-Walker, 20 sessions standard therapy). | Overground walking training with the i-Walker, a robotic servo-assistive device, enhances balance in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.cited 19× |
| water-based treadmill walking training | No effect - no significant differences | single leg balance index | Human | patients undergoing rehabilitation following ACL reconstruction | Not specified | Effect of water-based walking exercise on rehabilitation of patients following ACL reconstruction: a prospective, randomised, single-blind clinical trial.cited 1× |
| backward treadmill walking | Increases - may provide advantages by promoting improvement | balance | Human | — | 30-minute sessions, three days/week. | Effect of backward walking treadmill training on walking capacity after stroke: a randomized clinical trial.cited 16× |
| backward treadmill walking | Increases - is superior to forward treadmill walking in improving | balance | Human | people with stroke | 30-minute sessions, three days/week. | Effect of backward walking treadmill training on walking capacity after stroke: a randomized clinical trial.cited 16× |
| walking for 20 min while viewing a virtual city scene through an HMD (Oculus Rift DK2) | No effect - no significant changes | measures of static and dynamic balance | Human | participants (11 healthy young, 11 healthy older adults, and 11 individuals with PD) | 20-minute walking session with VR exposure. | Walking in fully immersive virtual environments: an evaluation of potential adverse effects in older adults and individuals with Parkinson's disease.cited 89× |
| Walking training with external cueing | No effect - remain uncertain | balance | Human | Ambulatory adults with Parkinson's disease | Not specified | Walking training with auditory cueing improves walking speed more than walking training alone in ambulatory people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.cited 2× |
| Backward walking training (BWT) in addition to conventional walking training (CWT) | Increases - showed significant improvements | activities-specific balance confidence scale (ABC) | Human | people with MS (PwMS) | Training performed three times a week for 8 weeks. | Effects of backward walking training on balance, gait, and functional mobility in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled study.cited 4× |
| Backward walking training (BWT) in addition to conventional walking training (CWT) | Increases - showed significant improvements | Berg Balance Scale (BBS) | Human | people with MS (PwMS) | Training performed three times a week for 8 weeks. | Effects of backward walking training on balance, gait, and functional mobility in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled study.cited 4× |
| 12-week functional walking training program utilizing a sequential square mat (Fisior® Mat) | Increases - improvements observed | balance test score | Human | older adults diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease (PD) | Progressive resistance training sessions lasting 30-40 minutes, three times a week. | Effects of a sequential square mat walking training program Fisior® on improving physical performance in older adults with Parkinson's disease: A pilot study.cited 1× |
| Nordic walking training | Increases - improvements | balance scores | Human | Parkinson's disease patients | Not specified | Effects of Nordic walking training on functional parameters in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 75× |
| Nordic walking training (NWT) | Increases - Improvement on all outcome measures was identified from pre-to-post intervention | the motor subscale of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-M), the Berg balance scale (BBS), the Timed Up-and-go test (TUG), the 10-meter walk test (10 MWT), and the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) | Human | participants with stage 1-3 PD in the Hoehn and Yahr scale | Not specified | Effects of an intensive Nordic walking intervention on the balance function and walking ability of individuals with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial.cited 27× |
| Nordic walking on a treadmill | Increases - therapeutic benefit to improve balance function and walking ability | balance function and walking ability | Human | individuals with PD | Not specified | Effects of an intensive Nordic walking intervention on the balance function and walking ability of individuals with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial.cited 27× |
| Nordic Walking vs. Walking | Increases - improvements were observed | dynamic and static balance ability | Human | 32 patients who ended the study period | Not specified | Nordic Walking and Walking in Parkinson's disease: a randomized single-blind controlled trial.cited 20× |
| cognitive-motor dual-task using auditory cues during treadmill walking | Increases - showed significant improvement in all variables compared to the single-task group | balance variables | Human | individuals with chronic stroke | 15 minutes per session, three times per week, for four weeks, alongside conventional rehabilitation five times per week. | Effect of the cognitive-motor dual-task using auditory cue on balance of surviviors with chronic stroke: a pilot study.cited 22× |
| amputee wellness-walking program | No effect - were not significant | balance confidence improvements | Human | committed participants | Not specified | Factors associated with committed participation in a wellness-walking program for people with lower limb loss: A prospective cohort study.cited 3× |
| progressive dual-task training in which the participants will be progressively submitted to dual-task walking and postural balance exercises with variable- to fixed-priority instructions | Increases - aiming to evaluate the effectiveness | postural balance | Human | community-dwelling older adults | 48 sessions of 60 minutes each over 24 weeks. | Dual-task training with progression from variable- to fixed-priority instructions versus dual-task training with variable-priority on gait speed in community-dwelling older adults: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial : Variable- and fixed-priority dual-task for older adults.cited 7× |
| walking backward on a treadmill | No effect - determines the effect | balance | Human | patients with chronic stroke | 30 minutes of traditional physical therapy three times a week, plus an additional 30 minutes of backward treadmill walking for the experimental group. | The Effect of Walking Backward on a Treadmill on Balance, Speed of Walking and Cardiopulmonary Fitness for Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Study.cited 22× |
| retro-walking | Increases - may provide additional benefits beyond those experienced by forward-walking | quadriceps muscle strength, pain, function, balance and mobility | Human | knee Osteoarthritis (OA) subjects | 3 days/week for 6 weeks (training program). | Effect of retro and forward walking on quadriceps muscle strength, pain, function, and mobility in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.cited 4× |
| retro- and forward-walking | No effect - will investigate the effect | quadriceps muscle strength, pain, function, balance and mobility | Human | knee Osteoarthritis (OA) subjects | 3 days/week for 6 weeks (training program). | Effect of retro and forward walking on quadriceps muscle strength, pain, function, and mobility in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.cited 4× |
| balance and brisk walking group (B&B) | Increases - improves | balance | Human | individuals with mild-to-moderate PD | 90-minute supervised sessions (weekly for weeks 1-6, monthly for weeks 7-26) plus unsupervised home exercises 2-3 times/week. | Effectiveness of Balance Exercise and Brisk Walking on Alleviating Nonmotor and Motor Symptoms in People With Mild-to-Moderate Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial With 6-Month Follow-up.cited 1× |
| balance and brisk walking group (B&B) | Increases - positive carryover effects | balance | Human | individuals with mild-to-moderate PD | 90-minute supervised sessions (weekly for weeks 1-6, monthly for weeks 7-26) plus unsupervised home exercises 2-3 times/week. | Effectiveness of Balance Exercise and Brisk Walking on Alleviating Nonmotor and Motor Symptoms in People With Mild-to-Moderate Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial With 6-Month Follow-up.cited 1× |
| backward walking | No effect - ameliorating effect | balance ability | Human | patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) | Backward walking exercise for 12 weeks (frequency not specified); ALA for 2 weeks (dosage not specified). | Investigating the role of backward walking therapy in alleviating plantar pressure of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.cited 20× |
| backward walking | Increases - improved significantly | balance and stability | Human | cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis | Not specified | The effectiveness of backward walking as a treatment for people with gait impairments: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 16× |
| backward walking (BW) | Increases - has a helpful effect on improving | lower limb proprioception, gait synergy and improving limb balance | Human | — | Not specified | Effect of backward walking training on knee osteoarthritis: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 2× |
| UG walking | Increases - provided the most relevant data | balance and mobility assessment | Human | transtibial amputees | Not applicable (no dosage mentioned). | Understanding dynamic stability from pelvis accelerometer data and the relationship to balance and mobility in transtibial amputees.cited 7× |
| Robot-Assisted Walking Training (RAWT) | Increases - had a more considerable effect | balance | Human | the high fall risk group | RAWT: 40 minutes, 5 times per week; CP: 30 minutes, 5 times per week. | Effects of robot-assisted walking training on balance, motor function, and ADL depending on severity levels in stroke patients.cited 1× |
| Robot-Assisted Walking Training (RAWT) | Increases - had a more considerable effect | trunk balance | Human | the poor or fair trunk control group | RAWT: 40 minutes, 5 times per week; CP: 30 minutes, 5 times per week. | Effects of robot-assisted walking training on balance, motor function, and ADL depending on severity levels in stroke patients.cited 1× |
| treadmill walking combined with obstacle-crossing training | No effect - not significantly higher | Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale | Human | ambulatory post-stroke patients | 30 minutes/day, 5 times/week of treadmill walking with obstacle-crossing (experimental group) or standard treadmill walking (control group). | The effects of treadmill walking combined with obstacle-crossing on walking ability in ambulatory patients after stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial.cited 12× |
| treadmill walking combined with obstacle-crossing training | Increases - significantly higher | Berg Balance Scale (BBS) | Human | ambulatory post-stroke patients | 30 minutes/day, 5 times/week of treadmill walking with obstacle-crossing (experimental group) or standard treadmill walking (control group). | The effects of treadmill walking combined with obstacle-crossing on walking ability in ambulatory patients after stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial.cited 12× |
| walking meditation | No effect - comparable to balance training for improving | balance abilities | Human | older adults with history of fall | Not specified | Walking meditation versus balance training for improving balance abilities among older adults with history of fall: A randomized controlled trial.cited 2× |
| walking-only training | Increases - had effect | balance confidence | Human | individuals post-stroke with reduced dynamic balance abilities (NonPerturb group pre-crossing) | Nine training sessions over 3 weeks (frequency not specified). | Intense and unpredictable perturbations during gait training improve dynamic balance abilities in chronic hemiparetic individuals: a randomized controlled pilot trial.cited 14× |
| novel interactive video-based mobile application to teach safe walking aid use | Increases - statistically significant improvements | balance (BBS) | Human | Adult walking aid users | Not specified | FEASIBILITY OF AN INTERACTIVE VIDEO-BASED TRAINING PROGRAM FOR LEARNING AND REVIEWING WALKING AID SKILLS. |
| novel interactive video-based mobile application to teach safe walking aid use | Increases - statistically significant improvements | balance confidence (ABC) | Human | Adult walking aid users | Not specified | FEASIBILITY OF AN INTERACTIVE VIDEO-BASED TRAINING PROGRAM FOR LEARNING AND REVIEWING WALKING AID SKILLS. |
| brisk walking (BW) | Increases - essential to improve | balance with eyes closed | Human | women aged 60-70 years | 60-minute sessions, five times weekly. | Effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Brisk Walking Exercise on Balance Ability in Elderly Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 17× |
| Nordic walking | Increases - improved | balance | Human | people with Parkinson's disease | Not specified | Physiotherapy in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Present Treatment Modalities.cited 153× |
| Nordic walking | No effect - does not lead to clinically significant changes | balance | Human | patients with PD | Not specified | Effects of Nordic walking in people with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 10× |