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Evidence suggests Ketogenic Diet maydecreaseFasting glucose.
37 studies (57 claims)
Moderate consensus
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| diet combined with exercise training (HC-EX) | No effect - Neither treatment altered | fasting glucose concentrations | Human | 20 glucose-intolerant subjects | 60% of energy as carbohydrate, 20% as fat | Long-term effects of a high-carbohydrate diet and exercise on insulin action in older subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.cited 42× |
| high-carbohydrate diet (HC) | No effect - Neither treatment altered | fasting glucose concentrations | Human | 20 glucose-intolerant subjects | 60% of energy as carbohydrate, 20% as fat | Long-term effects of a high-carbohydrate diet and exercise on insulin action in older subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.cited 42× |
| high fructose (HF) diet | Increases - significantly higher | serum fasting glucose | Animal | obese Wister male rats | RSV at 30 mg/kg/day | Role of trans-resveratrol in ameliorating biochemical and molecular alterations in obese rats induced by a high fructose/fat diet. |
| high-fructose high-fat (HF/HFAT) diet | Increases - significantly higher | serum fasting glucose | Animal | obese Wister male rats | RSV at 30 mg/kg/day | Role of trans-resveratrol in ameliorating biochemical and molecular alterations in obese rats induced by a high fructose/fat diet. |
| energy-restricted Standard-AGEs diet | Decreases - fasting glucose levels decreased | fasting glucose levels | Human | Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients | Not specified (energy-restricted diets with standard vs. low AGE content). | Comparison of Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles between Low-Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Standard AGEs-Containing Weight-Loss Diets in Overweight Phenotype-A PCOS Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. |
| energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet | Decreases - fasting glucose levels decreased significantly more | fasting glucose levels | Human | Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients | Not specified (energy-restricted diets with standard vs. low AGE content). | Comparison of Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles between Low-Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Standard AGEs-Containing Weight-Loss Diets in Overweight Phenotype-A PCOS Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. |
| Vegetarian diet | Decreases - was ranked as the best approach | fasting glucose | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Not specified | A network meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy of different dietary approaches on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.cited 149× |
| Palaeolithic diet | Decreases - was ranked as the best approach | fasting glucose | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Not specified | A network meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy of different dietary approaches on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.cited 149× |
| Mediterranean diet | Decreases - was ranked as the best approach | fasting glucose | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Not specified | A network meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy of different dietary approaches on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.cited 149× |
| Mediterranean diet | Decreases - was ranked as the best dietary approach | fasting glucose | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Not specified | A network meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy of different dietary approaches on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.cited 149× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil | Decreases - significant decreases | high fasting glucose | Human | participants in the group receiving olive oil supplementation | Not specified (ad libitum Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts). | Mediterranean diets and metabolic syndrome status in the PREDIMED randomized trial.cited 195× |
| LA-enriched diet | No effect - responses differed between genotype groups | plasma fasting glucose concentrations | Human | healthy men homozygotes for the TT or CC genotype of the FADS1 rs174550 | Not specified | Inflammatory response to dietary linoleic acid depends on FADS1 genotype.cited 47× |
| omega-3 (ω-3) diet | Decreases - greater decreases | glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose | Human | newly diagnosed participants with T2D | 6 g fish oil/day (containing 3.65 g combined docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid). | Effect of combined use of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial.cited 23× |
| LCHP+ω-3 diet | Decreases - showed a significant decrease | fasting glucose | Human | newly diagnosed participants with T2D | 6 g fish oil/day (containing 3.65 g combined docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid). | Effect of combined use of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial.cited 23× |
| LCHP+ω-3 diet | Decreases - reduction | fasting glucose | Human | newly diagnosed participants with T2D | 6 g fish oil/day (containing 3.65 g combined docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid). | Effect of combined use of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial.cited 23× |
| LCHP+ω-3 diet | Decreases - provided faster effects | fasting glucose | Human | patients with T2D | 6 g fish oil/day (containing 3.65 g combined docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid). | Effect of combined use of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial.cited 23× |
| LCHP+ω-3 diet | Decreases - greater than that in the LCHP and ω-3 diet groups | fasting glucose reduction | Human | newly diagnosed participants with T2D | 6 g fish oil/day (containing 3.65 g combined docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid). | Effect of combined use of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial.cited 23× |
| LCHP+ω-3 diet | Decreases - greater decreases | glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose | Human | newly diagnosed participants with T2D | 6 g fish oil/day (containing 3.65 g combined docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid). | Effect of combined use of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial.cited 23× |
| LCHP+ω-3 diet | Decreases - provided greater effects | HbA1c and fasting glucose | Human | patients with T2D | 6 g fish oil/day (containing 3.65 g combined docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid). | Effect of combined use of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial.cited 23× |
| low-carbohydrate, high-protein (LCHP) diet | Decreases - greater decreases | glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose | Human | newly diagnosed participants with T2D | 6 g fish oil/day (containing 3.65 g combined docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid). | Effect of combined use of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial.cited 23× |
| LP diet (8% protein) throughout pregnancy and lactation | No effect - no differences | other lipid measurements and fasting glucose | Human | LP offspring | — | Poor maternal nutrition programmes a pro-atherosclerotic phenotype in ApoE-/- mice. |
| representative typical American diet (TAD) | No effect - did not affect | fasting glucose | Human | overweight and obese women selected according to indexes of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia | Not specified (all foods and beverages were provided). | A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes.cited 25× |
| DGA-based diet | No effect - did not affect | fasting glucose | Human | overweight and obese women selected according to indexes of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia | Not specified (all foods and beverages were provided). | A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes.cited 25× |
| high dairy intake diet (HDD) | No effect - were similar | fasting glucose concentrations | Human | overweight adults (aged 45-65 y) | High-dairy diet (HDD): 5-6 portions daily (200 g semi-skimmed yoghurt, 30 g reduced-fat cheese, 250 mL semi-skimmed milk/buttermilk); low-dairy diet (LDD): ≤1 portion daily. | The effect of high compared with low dairy consumption on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic flexibility in overweight adults: a randomized crossover trial.cited 18× |
| higher WHRonly+ polygenetic score with average-protein diet | Increases - showed less increased | fasting glucose | Human | participants | Not specified | Distinct genetic subtypes of adiposity and glycemic changes in response to weight-loss diet intervention: the POUNDS Lost trial.cited 5× |
| new omega-3 fatty acid and medium-chain triglyceride-rich formula diet | Decreases - slightly decreased | fasting glucose levels | Human | patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia | Not specified (formula diet composition details not provided). | Successful treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia with a formula diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides.cited 19× |
| diet and exercise group | Decreases - experienced a decrease | fasting glucose | Human | Sedentary, non-smokers who were 45-75 year old adults with elevated fasting glucose but without cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension, or diabetes | 42 kJ/kg body weight/week (~16 km/week) or 67 kJ/kg body weight/week (~22.3 km/week), performed at moderate (50% VO2max) or vigorous (75% VO2max) intensity. | Effects of exercise training alone vs a combined exercise and nutritional lifestyle intervention on glucose homeostasis in prediabetic individuals: a randomised controlled trial.cited 86× |
| low-carbohydrate/higher-fat (LC/CONV) diet | Increases - increased | fasting glucose | Human | diet-controlled overweight/obese women with GDM | CHOICE diet (60% carbohydrate/25% fat/15% protein) and LC/CONV diet (40% carbohydrate/45% fat/15% protein). | Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Randomized to a Higher-Complex Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diet Manifest Lower Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Glucose, and Free Fatty Acids: A Pilot Study.cited 112× |
| higher-complex carbohydrate/lower-fat (CHOICE) diet | Decreases - decreased | fasting glucose | Human | diet-controlled overweight/obese women with GDM | CHOICE diet (60% carbohydrate/25% fat/15% protein) and LC/CONV diet (40% carbohydrate/45% fat/15% protein). | Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Randomized to a Higher-Complex Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diet Manifest Lower Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Glucose, and Free Fatty Acids: A Pilot Study.cited 112× |
| 6-week ketogenic diet | Decreases - decreased | fasting glucose levels | Human | women with overweight/obesity | Not specified | Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Microbiota Composition and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Women with Overweight/Obesity. |
| mindfulness-based eating and stress management practices added to a diet-exercise program | Decreases - favored the mindfulness arm in changes in fasting glucose at 12 months | fasting glucose | Human | 194 adults with obesity | Not specified | Effects of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention in adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial.cited 87× |
| mindfulness-based eating and stress management practices added to a diet-exercise program | Decreases - favored the mindfulness arm in changes in fasting glucose at 18 months | fasting glucose | Human | 194 adults with obesity | Not specified | Effects of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention in adults with obesity: A randomized clinical trial.cited 87× |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - increased | brain fasting glucose uptake (GU) | Animal | control mice at 8 months | Not specified | Combined Effect of Fatty Diet and Cognitive Decline on Brain Metabolism, Food Intake, Body Weight, and Counteraction by Intranasal Insulin Therapy in 3×Tg Mice.cited 20× |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Decreases - blunted | brain fasting glucose uptake (GU) | Animal | 3×Tg-HFD mice at 8 months | Not specified | Combined Effect of Fatty Diet and Cognitive Decline on Brain Metabolism, Food Intake, Body Weight, and Counteraction by Intranasal Insulin Therapy in 3×Tg Mice.cited 20× |
| high-fat diet | Increases - participants in the highest GRS tertile showed increased | fasting glucose | Human | participants in the highest GRS tertile | Not specified | Genetic variation of fasting glucose and changes in glycemia in response to 2-year weight-loss diet intervention: the POUNDS LOST trial.cited 20× |
| high-fat diet | Decreases - participants in the lowest tertile showed decreased | fasting glucose | Human | participants in the lowest GRS tertile | Not specified | Genetic variation of fasting glucose and changes in glycemia in response to 2-year weight-loss diet intervention: the POUNDS LOST trial.cited 20× |
| low-fat diet | No effect - the genetic association was not significant | fasting glucose | Human | participants in the low-fat diet group | Not specified | Genetic variation of fasting glucose and changes in glycemia in response to 2-year weight-loss diet intervention: the POUNDS LOST trial.cited 20× |
| high-fat diet | Increases - experienced | impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose | Human | 50 monkeys fed with high-fat diet | Not specified | Comparison of the clinical manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus between rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta lasiotis) and human being.cited 16× |
| low-fat, high-carbohydrate, low-glycaemic index diet (HC) combined with aerobic/resistance exercise | Decreases - reductions in fasting glucose | fasting glucose | Human | overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) | HC diet: 53% carbohydrate, 17% protein, 30% fat (<10% saturated fat), energy-matched and hypocaloric. | Effects of an energy-restricted low-carbohydrate, high unsaturated fat/low saturated fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in type 2 diabetes: A 2-year randomized clinical trial.cited 125× |
| low-carbohydrate, high-unsaturated/low-saturated fat diet (LC) combined with aerobic/resistance exercise | Decreases - reductions in fasting glucose | fasting glucose | Human | overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) | HC diet: 53% carbohydrate, 17% protein, 30% fat (<10% saturated fat), energy-matched and hypocaloric. | Effects of an energy-restricted low-carbohydrate, high unsaturated fat/low saturated fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in type 2 diabetes: A 2-year randomized clinical trial.cited 125× |
| structured hypocaloric diet | Increases - increased the probability of having | normal fasting glucose | Human | group 1 (structured hypocaloric diet) | Not specified | Dietary changes associated with improvement of metabolic syndrome components in postmenopausal women receiving two different nutrition interventions.cited 11× |
| DGA-based diet | Decreases - decreased | fasting glucose | Human | MetS persons | 17.5 g/day resistant starch from potatoes. | Daily Inclusion of Resistant Starch-Containing Potatoes in a Dietary Guidelines for Americans Dietary Pattern Does Not Adversely Affect Cardiometabolic Risk or Intestinal Permeability in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 9× |
| low-protein diet (LPD) plus inulin | Decreases - reduction | fasting glucose levels | Human | CKD patients | LPD (0.6 g/kg/day) plus inulin (19 g/day) for the intervention group; LPD alone for controls. | Prebiotic Therapy with Inulin Associated with Low Protein Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Evaluation of Nutritional, Cardiovascular and Psychocognitive Parameters.cited 16× |
| LF diet | Increases - increased | fasting glucose | Human | nondiabetic, obese men and premenopausal women | MUFA diet provided 35-45% of energy from fat, with >20% from monounsaturated fatty acids. | Comparison of the effects on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance of 6-mo high-monounsaturated-fat, low-fat, and control diets.cited 77× |
| control diet | Increases - increased | fasting glucose | Human | nondiabetic, obese men and premenopausal women | MUFA diet provided 35-45% of energy from fat, with >20% from monounsaturated fatty acids. | Comparison of the effects on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance of 6-mo high-monounsaturated-fat, low-fat, and control diets.cited 77× |
| MUFA diet | Decreases - reduced | fasting glucose | Human | nondiabetic, obese men and premenopausal women | MUFA diet provided 35-45% of energy from fat, with >20% from monounsaturated fatty acids. | Comparison of the effects on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance of 6-mo high-monounsaturated-fat, low-fat, and control diets.cited 77× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Decreases - led to a notable reduction in | fasting glucose | Human | women diagnosed with PCOS | Not specified | The effects of ketogenic diet on metabolic and hormonal parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.cited 1× |
| low-fat diet | Decreases - achieved similar | fasting glucose | Human | obese/overweight adults with impaired glucose regulation | LCD: 20%-25% energy from carbohydrates, 30%-45% energy from fat, 40%-45% energy from protein. | Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and metabolic risk factors in obese/overweight individuals with impaired glucose regulation: A randomized controlled trial.cited 1× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - achieved similar | fasting glucose | Human | obese/overweight adults with impaired glucose regulation | LCD: 20%-25% energy from carbohydrates, 30%-45% energy from fat, 40%-45% energy from protein. | Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and metabolic risk factors in obese/overweight individuals with impaired glucose regulation: A randomized controlled trial.cited 1× |
| healthy low-carbohydrate diet achieved through behavioral intervention and key food supplementation | No effect - differences between groups in 6-month changes | fasting glucose | Human | participants | <40g net carbohydrates for the first 3 months, <40-60g net carbohydrates for months 3-6. | Low-carbohydrate dietary pattern on glycemic outcomes trial (ADEPT) among individuals with elevated hemoglobin A1c: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.cited 2× |
| diet supplement made from unripe avocado | No effect - no between-group differences | fasting glucose | Human | free-living nondiabetic adults with obesity | Not specified in the abstract. | Effects of an Unripe Avocado Extract on Glycaemic Control in Individuals with Obesity: A Double-Blinded, Parallel, Randomised Clinical Trial. |
| low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) | No effect - investigate the efficacy | fasting glucose level | Human | cancer participants | Not specified | Efficacy of Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet as an Adjuvant Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.cited 31× |
| 5:2 diet | Decreases - significantly more improved | fasting glucose | Human | T2D group (overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes) | Two days per week of fasting for six months. | The 5:2 Diet Affects Markers of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Subjects with and without Type 2 Diabetes-A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial. |
| Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) | Decreases - reduced | fasting glucose | Human | Australian patients post coronary event | Ad libitum (no specific dosage provided). | Ad libitum Mediterranean diet reduces subcutaneous but not visceral fat in patients with coronary heart disease: A randomised controlled pilot study.cited 23× |
| diet high in primarily low-fat dairy (from milk, yogurt, or custard) with no red meat | No effect - no change | fasting glucose | Human | 47 overweight and obese men and women | Not specified (high consumption of primarily low-fat dairy from milk, yogurt, or custard). | Red meat, dairy, and insulin sensitivity: a randomized crossover intervention study.cited 45× |
| a 5.5-month diet-exercise program with mindfulness training | No effect - evidenced maintenance | fasting glucose | Human | 194 obese individuals | Not specified | Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindful eating, sweets consumption, and fasting glucose levels in obese adults: data from the SHINE randomized controlled trial.cited 91× |
| high-MUFA diet | Decreases - comparable improvement | fasting glucose | Human | overweight/obese participants with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | One-year comparison of a high-monounsaturated fat diet with a high-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes.cited 136× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LC) | No effect - showed no significant change | fasting glucose | Human | overweight/obese Chinese females | Not specified | Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females.cited 25× |
| behavioral counseling interventions to improve diet and increase physical activity | Decreases - were associated with small, statistically significant reductions | fasting glucose levels | Human | people with elevated blood pressure or lipid levels | Median of 6 contact hours and 12 sessions over 12 months (varied by low, medium, or high contact time). | Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.cited 86× |
| modified Lieber-DeCarli alcohol (6%) and high-fat (65%) diet (AHF) | Decreases - reduced | fasting glucose tolerance | Animal | Rats fed the AHF diet | High-fat diet (65% fat) and alcohol (6%) | Pharmacological attenuation of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis induced hypersensitivity in rats.cited 17× |