15
3
15
↑15
↓3
—15
Evidence suggests Calcium haslittle to no effecton Stroke risk.
23 studies (33 claims)
Conflicting evidence
Typical effective dose 1127 (1063.5–1190.5) mgacross 2 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, calcium channel blockers and antioxidants | No effect - none has provided significant neuroprotection | stroke | Human | clinical trials | Not specified | Potential of immunosuppressive agents in cerebral ischaemia.cited 16× |
| greater dietary calcium intake | No effect - do not strongly support a significant effect | risk of stroke | Human | middle-aged and older adults | Not specified | Calcium intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: a review of prospective studies and randomized clinical trials.cited 88× |
| calcium supplement use | No effect - show no significant benefits | risk of stroke | Human | — | Not specified | Calcium intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: a review of prospective studies and randomized clinical trials.cited 88× |
| calcium and vitamin D | Increases - increased the risk | composite of myocardial infarction or stroke | Human | participants in meta-analyses of three placebo controlled trials | 1g calcium and 400 IU vitamin D daily. | Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis.cited 596× |
| calcium and vitamin D (1g calcium and 400 IU vitamin D daily) | Increases - increased the risk | stroke | Human | women not taking personal calcium supplements at randomisation | 1g calcium and 400 IU vitamin D daily. | Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis.cited 596× |
| calcium and vitamin D | Increases - increased the risk | stroke | Human | participants in meta-analyses of three placebo controlled trials | 1g calcium and 400 IU vitamin D daily. | Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis.cited 596× |
| calcium or calcium and vitamin D | Increases - increased the risk | composite of myocardial infarction or stroke | Human | 28,072 participants from eight trials of calcium supplements and the WHI CaD participants not taking personal calcium supplements | 1g calcium and 400 IU vitamin D daily. | Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis.cited 596× |
| calcium plus vitamin D | Increases - increased the risk for stroke | stroke | Human | — | Not specified | Effects of Nutritional Supplements and Dietary Interventions on Cardiovascular Outcomes: An Umbrella Review and Evidence Map.cited 125× |
| calcium channel blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers | Decreases - have been shown to reduce | stroke | Human | South East Asian countries | Not specified | Asian management of hypertension: Current status, home blood pressure, and specific concerns in Japan.cited 14× |
| vitamin D supplementation with or without calcium | No effect - does not alter the relative risk | stroke or cerebrovascular disease | Human | patients | Not specified | The effect of vitamin D supplementation on skeletal, vascular, or cancer outcomes: a trial sequential meta-analysis.cited 305× |
| supplemental calcium plus vitamin D | Increases - increased association of | stroke | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men.cited 344× |
| dietary calcium intake | No effect - Associations for stroke risk and CVD mortality were overall null | stroke risk | Human | Heidelberg cohort participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study, aged 35-64 years and free of major CVD events at recruitment | Not specified | Associations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC-Heidelberg).cited 217× |
| calcium supplements, with or without vitamin D | Increases - adversely affected risk | stroke | Human | — | — | Cardiovascular complications of calcium supplements.cited 28× |
| Calcium supplementation | Increases - associated with an increased risk | stroke | Human | — | Not specified | Calcium supplementation: balancing the cardiovascular risks.cited 19× |
| calcium supplementation | Increases - might increase the risk of | stroke | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Effect of calcium or vitamin D supplementation on vascular outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 87× |
| calcium supplementation alone | Increases - might play an important role in increasing the risk of | stroke | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Effect of calcium or vitamin D supplementation on vascular outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 87× |
| calcium or vitamin D supplementation | No effect - did not have an effect on | stroke | Human | 50,252 individuals | Not specified in the abstract. | Effect of calcium or vitamin D supplementation on vascular outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 87× |
| calcium supplementation | No effect - was not associated with | total stroke | Human | — | Not specified. | Association Between Calcium Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 1× |
| calcium supplements | Increases - increase in risk | stroke | Human | — | Not specified | Cardiovascular effects of calcium supplementation.cited 76× |
| calcium supplements | Increases - were at a higher risk of developing | stroke-related dementia (vascular dementia and mixed dementia) | Human | women | Not specified | Calcium supplementation and risk of dementia in women with cerebrovascular disease.cited 30× |
| Moderate dietary calcium intake | Decreases - may protect against | incident stroke | Human | — | Quintiles of calcium intake: <770 mg/day, 771-926 mg/day, 1074-1254 mg/day. | Calcium intake, calcium supplementation and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the British population: EPIC-norfolk prospective cohort study and meta-analysis.cited 29× |
| Calcium supplement monotherapy | No effect - was not associated with an increased risk | ischemic stroke | Human | patients aged 40 to 89 years old | High dose: ≥1000 mg/day; lower dose: <1000 mg/day. | Risk of Ischemic Stroke Associated With Calcium Supplements With or Without Vitamin D: A Nested Case-Control Study.cited 20× |
| Calcium supplementation with vitamin D | No effect - was not associated with an increased risk | ischemic stroke | Human | patients aged 40 to 89 years old | High dose: ≥1000 mg/day; lower dose: <1000 mg/day. | Risk of Ischemic Stroke Associated With Calcium Supplements With or Without Vitamin D: A Nested Case-Control Study.cited 20× |
| Calcium supplement monotherapy at high doses (≥1000 mg/day) | Increases - a significant increased risk | ischemic stroke | Human | patients aged 40 to 89 years old | High dose: ≥1000 mg/day; lower dose: <1000 mg/day. | Risk of Ischemic Stroke Associated With Calcium Supplements With or Without Vitamin D: A Nested Case-Control Study.cited 20× |
| Calcium supplement monotherapy at doses <1000 mg/day | No effect - was not associated with an increased risk | ischemic stroke | Human | patients aged 40 to 89 years old | High dose: ≥1000 mg/day; lower dose: <1000 mg/day. | Risk of Ischemic Stroke Associated With Calcium Supplements With or Without Vitamin D: A Nested Case-Control Study.cited 20× |
| calcium | No effect - showed no consistent benefit | prevention of stroke | Human | — | Not specified | Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment.cited 37× |
| Calcium | No effect - does not prevent | stroke | Human | populations with moderate-to-high calcium intakes | Not specified | Dietary fats and other nutrients on stroke.cited 9× |
| Calcium | Decreases - might play a role | stroke | Human | populations with low calcium intakes | Not specified | Dietary fats and other nutrients on stroke.cited 9× |
| increased calcium intake | Increases - adverse effects | rates of myocardial infarction and stroke | Human | postmenopausal women | Not specified | Effects of calcium intake on the cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women.cited 12× |
| calcium plus vitamin D supplementation | No effect - effects were not apparent on the risks | stroke | Human | — | 1,000 mg elemental calcium carbonate plus 400 IU vitamin D(3) daily | Health risks and benefits from calcium and vitamin D supplementation: Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and cohort study.cited 206× |
| dietary supplementation with antioxidant vitamins, B vitamins, and calcium | No effect - does not reduce | stroke risk | Human | — | Not specified | Nutrition and the risk of stroke.cited 75× |
| calcium channel blockers | No effect - failed to demonstrate a benefit | treating stroke | Molecular | — | Not specified | Astrocytes: targets for neuroprotection in stroke.cited 234× |