31
11
↑31
↓0
—11
Evidence suggests Caffeine mayincreaseStrength.
29 studies (42 claims)
Moderate consensus
Typical effective dose 6 (5.5–201.5) mgacross 7 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| caffeine co-ingested with CitMal | No effect - no significant difference | strength in 1RM bench press | Human | resistance-trained participants | — | Effect of isolated and combined ingestion of caffeine and citrulline malate on resistance exercise and jumping performance: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.cited 3× |
| isolated caffeine ingestion | Increases - significantly enhanced | strength in 1RM bench press | Human | resistance-trained participants | — | Effect of isolated and combined ingestion of caffeine and citrulline malate on resistance exercise and jumping performance: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.cited 3× |
| isolated caffeine ingestion | No effect - no significant difference | strength in 1RM bench press | Human | resistance-trained participants | — | Effect of isolated and combined ingestion of caffeine and citrulline malate on resistance exercise and jumping performance: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.cited 3× |
| co-ingestion of caffeine and CitMal | Increases - significantly enhanced | strength in 1RM bench press | Human | resistance-trained participants | — | Effect of isolated and combined ingestion of caffeine and citrulline malate on resistance exercise and jumping performance: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.cited 3× |
| caffeine supplements | Increases - improves | strength performance | Human | — | — | Caffeine Health Claims on Sports Supplement Labeling. Analytical Assessment According to EFSA Scientific Opinion and International Evidence and Criteria.cited 3× |
| caffeine supplementation | Increases - may enhance | adaptations to resistance training, such as gains in strength and power | Human | — | — | Effects of Caffeine on Resistance Exercise: A Review of Recent Research.cited 52× |
| caffeine | Increases - is ergogenic for | one-repetition maximum, isometric, and isokinetic strength | Human | — | — | Effects of Caffeine on Resistance Exercise: A Review of Recent Research.cited 52× |
| caffeine supplementation | Increases - increased | eccentric strength | Human | female team-sport players taking OCS | 6 mg/kg body weight, single dose. | The influence of caffeine ingestion on strength and power performance in female team-sport players.cited 36× |
| caffeine supplementation | Increases - significantly increased | eccentric strength of the knee flexors | Human | female team-sport players taking oral contraceptive steroids (OCS) | 6 mg/kg body weight, single dose. | The influence of caffeine ingestion on strength and power performance in female team-sport players.cited 36× |
| caffeine supplementation | Increases - these ergogenic effects were very small and were observed mostly among male participants | isometric handgrip strength | Human | male participants | — | Effects of caffeine on isometric handgrip strength: A meta-analysis.cited 9× |
| caffeine | Increases - enhanced | isometric handgrip strength | Human | — | — | Effects of caffeine on isometric handgrip strength: A meta-analysis.cited 9× |
| caffeine | Increases - an ergogenic effect | isometric handgrip strength | Human | — | — | Effects of caffeine on isometric handgrip strength: A meta-analysis.cited 9× |
| caffeine | Increases - an ergogenic effect | isometric handgrip strength | Human | — | — | Effects of caffeine on isometric handgrip strength: A meta-analysis.cited 9× |
| caffeine | Increases - an ergogenic effect | isometric handgrip strength | Human | — | — | Effects of caffeine on isometric handgrip strength: A meta-analysis.cited 9× |
| caffeine | Increases - an ergogenic effect | isometric handgrip strength | Human | — | — | Effects of caffeine on isometric handgrip strength: A meta-analysis.cited 9× |
| caffeine supplementation | Increases - increases | maximal strength | Human | — | — | The Influence of Caffeine Supplementation on Resistance Exercise: A Review.cited 108× |
| caffeine supplementation | Increases - improved | maximum strength | Human | healthy adults | — | Effects of caffeine supplementation on muscle endurance, maximum strength, and perceived exertion in adults submitted to strength training: a systematic review and meta-analyses.cited 22× |
| caffeine supplementation | No effect - no significant improvement were observed | maximum strength | Human | healthy adults | — | Effects of caffeine supplementation on muscle endurance, maximum strength, and perceived exertion in adults submitted to strength training: a systematic review and meta-analyses.cited 22× |
| caffeine supplementation | Increases - improved | strength resistance | Human | healthy adults | — | Effects of caffeine supplementation on muscle endurance, maximum strength, and perceived exertion in adults submitted to strength training: a systematic review and meta-analyses.cited 22× |
| caffeine supplementation | Increases - has tendency to improve strength | strength | Human | young trained women | 6 mg/kg, administered 30 minutes before testing. | Performance of muscle strength and fatigue tolerance in young trained women supplemented with caffeine.cited 16× |
| caffeine supplementation | Increases - effective | strength exercise | Human | — | — | Can I Have My Coffee and Drink It? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Determine Whether Habitual Caffeine Consumption Affects the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine.cited 25× |
| acute caffeine intake | No effect - no differences | handgrip strength | Human | healthy older adults | 5 mg/kg of caffeine (acute intake) | Caffeine Responsiveness Before and After Pilates Training in Healthy Older Adults. |
| creatine (CRE) loading in combination with caffeine anhydrous (CAF) | Increases - were improved | strength measures | Human | physically active males | 300 mg/day of caffeine anhydrous or 8.9 g/day of coffee (yielding 303 mg of caffeine). | Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Anhydrous Intake During Creatine Loading.cited 10× |
| creatine (CRE) loading in combination with caffeine anhydrous (CAF) | No effect - no significant time × treatment interactions | strength measures | Human | physically active males | 300 mg/day of caffeine anhydrous or 8.9 g/day of coffee (yielding 303 mg of caffeine). | Effects of Coffee and Caffeine Anhydrous Intake During Creatine Loading.cited 10× |
| a caffeine-containing pre-workout dietary supplement | No effect - No significant differences between trials were observed | upper body strength | Human | recreationally trained males | Not specified in the abstract. | The effect of acute pre-workout supplementation on power and strength performance.cited 32× |
| moderate dose of caffeine | No effect - sought to investigate the effects | maximal voluntary strength of the elbow flexors and knee extensors | Human | Ten nonspecifically strength-trained, recreationally active participants (aged 21 ± 0.3 years) | 3 mg·kg (specific frequency not mentioned). | The effects of low and moderate doses of caffeine supplementation on upper and lower body maximal voluntary concentric and eccentric muscle force.cited 29× |
| low dose of caffeine | No effect - sought to investigate the effects | maximal voluntary strength of the elbow flexors and knee extensors | Human | Ten nonspecifically strength-trained, recreationally active participants (aged 21 ± 0.3 years) | 3 mg·kg (specific frequency not mentioned). | The effects of low and moderate doses of caffeine supplementation on upper and lower body maximal voluntary concentric and eccentric muscle force.cited 29× |
| acute caffeine supplementation | No effect - did not alter muscle strength | muscle strength (handgrip strength) | Human | trained CrossFit men | — | Effect of caffeine supplementation on exercise performance, power, markers of muscle damage, and perceived exertion in trained CrossFit men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.cited 8× |
| caffeine-Zumba training (Ca + ZT) | Increases - showed significant (p < 0.001) better scores | lower body endurance strength | Human | middle-aged women | 100 mg/day | Caffeine optimizes Zumba training benefits on functional performances in middle-aged women: a randomized trial study. |
| caffeine supplementation in doses from 0.9 to 2 mg/kg | Increases - revealed an ergogenic effect | muscular strength | Human | — | — | Exploring the minimum ergogenic dose of caffeine on resistance exercise performance: A meta-analytic approach.cited 15× |
| 8 mg·kg bw−1 of caffeine | Increases - significantly improved | bench press strength | Human | recreationally resistance-trained participants | — | High Doses of Caffeine Increase Muscle Strength and Calcium Release in the Plasma of Recreationally Trained Men.cited 15× |
| 8 mg·kg bw−1 of caffeine | Increases - significantly improved | deadlift strength | Human | recreationally resistance-trained participants | — | High Doses of Caffeine Increase Muscle Strength and Calcium Release in the Plasma of Recreationally Trained Men.cited 15× |
| 8 mg·kg bw−1 of caffeine | Increases - significantly improved | squat strength | Human | recreationally resistance-trained participants | — | High Doses of Caffeine Increase Muscle Strength and Calcium Release in the Plasma of Recreationally Trained Men.cited 15× |
| Habitual caffeine consumption | No effect - does not influence | the potential of caffeine as an ergogenic aid in strength endurance and jumping exercise performance | Human | strength-trained individuals | — | Habitual Caffeine Consumption Does Not Interfere With the Acute Caffeine Supplementation Effects on Strength Endurance and Jumping Performance in Trained Individuals.cited 15× |
| a caffeine-containing supplement (SUPP) | No effect - had no effect | 1RM bench press strength | Human | untrained men | 400 mg caffeine (single dose). | Acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on bench press and leg extension strength and time to exhaustion during cycle ergometry.cited 17× |
| a caffeine-containing supplement (SUPP) | No effect - had no effect | 1RM leg extension strength | Human | untrained men | 400 mg caffeine (single dose). | Acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on bench press and leg extension strength and time to exhaustion during cycle ergometry.cited 17× |
| caffeine supplementation after muscle damage | No effect - remains inconclusive | strength recovery | Human | — | — | Effect of Caffeine Ingestion on Indirect Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review of Human Trials.cited 5× |
| caffeine ingestion | Increases - was ergogenic for | muscle strength | Human | — | — | Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance-an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses.cited 209× |
| caffeine | Increases - Ergogenic effects of | muscle strength | Human | — | — | Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance-an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses.cited 209× |
| caffeine ingestion | No effect - effects | muscular strength | Human | women | — | Ergogenic Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Endurance and Muscular Strength in Women: A Meta-Analysis.cited 31× |
| caffeine | Increases - induce significant improvements | endurance, power and strength-based activities | HumanMolecular | — | Not specified | What can isolated skeletal muscle experiments tell us about the effects of caffeine on exercise performance?cited 57× |
| caffeine | Increases - increased | handgrip strength | Human | adult female TSA | — | Does Acute Caffeine Supplementation Improve Physical Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes? Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 25× |
| caffeine | Increases - helped to improve | isometric strength values | Human | female athletes | Not available | Ergogenic Aids to Improve Physical Performance in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.cited 12× |
| caffeine | Increases - returned sufficient evidence supporting their acute beneficial effects | muscle strength | Human | healthy subjects | Not specified | Supplements with purported effects on muscle mass and strength.cited 47× |
| caffeine | No effect - mixed results | strength and sprint performance | Human | — | Not specified | Creatine and Caffeine: Considerations for Concurrent Supplementation.cited 31× |
| pre-exercise caffeine supplementation | No effect - assess the effect of | strength performance | Human | strength-trained females | — | The Dose-Effects of Caffeine on Lower Body Maximal Strength, Muscular Endurance, and Rating of Perceived Exertion in Strength-Trained Females.cited 5× |
| increasing the concentration of supplemented caffeine | Increases - led to enhanced | forelimb grip strength | Animal | rats | High, medium, and low doses (specific amounts not provided) | Boosting physical performance in SD rats through brain-targeted delivery of caffeine-loaded transferrin liposomes.cited 1× |