Nicotine
→Immune activity

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4

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Evidence suggests Nicotine mayincreaseImmune activity.

11 studies (13 claims)

Moderate consensus

Typical effective dose 2 (2–2) mgacross 2 dosed studies

Study Claims

12 of 13

Intervention	Direction	Endpoint	Type	Population	Dosage	Title
nicotine supplementation	Decreases - significantly lower	Saliva α-amylase activity	Human	professional archers	2 mg nicotine gum (single dose).	Nicotine supplementation enhances simulated game performance of archery athletes.cited 5×
nicotine supplementation	Increases - increased	Saliva α-amylase activity	Human	professional archers	2 mg nicotine gum (single dose).	Nicotine supplementation enhances simulated game performance of archery athletes.cited 5×
nicotine	Decreases - induced a significant reduction	activity of antioxidant enzymes GPx and GST	Animal	male rats	Fenugreek saponin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day); nanofenugreek saponin (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day).	Assessing the Efficacy of Fenugreek Saponin Nanoparticles in Attenuating Nicotine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats.cited 3×
nicotine	Increases - produced consistent increases in	physical activity	Animal	male Sprague Dawley rats	Daily subcutaneous injections (specific dosage not provided)	Anatabine, Nornicotine, and Anabasine Reduce Weight Gain and Body Fat through Decreases in Food Intake and Increases in Physical Activity.cited 3×
chronic nicotine treatment	Increases - a significant hyperactivity was observed	horizontal and vertical activity	Animal	nicotine-treated rats	2 mg/kg nicotine (intraperitoneal, twice daily) and 1 μg/2 μL ghrelin or GHRP-6 (intracerebroventricular, once daily)	Changes in Locomotor Activity Observed During Acute Nicotine Withdrawal Can Be Attenuated by Ghrelin and GHRP-6 in Rats.
chronic nicotine treatment followed by acute nicotine withdrawal	Decreases - a significant hypoactivity was assessed	horizontal and vertical activity	Animal	nicotine-treated rats	2 mg/kg nicotine (intraperitoneal, twice daily) and 1 μg/2 μL ghrelin or GHRP-6 (intracerebroventricular, once daily)	Changes in Locomotor Activity Observed During Acute Nicotine Withdrawal Can Be Attenuated by Ghrelin and GHRP-6 in Rats.
perinatal nicotine exposure	No effect - did not show a significant increase	Caspase-3 activity	Animal	nicotine groups	300 mg/L in drinking water.	Effect of perinatal nicotine exposure on oxidative stress and BDNF levels in the brain tissue of offspring rats: The protective role of Vitamin E.
nicotine challenge	Decreases - altered beating pattern of cilia in response to	ciliary beating activity	HumanMolecular	airway organoids	Not specified	Identification of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor for N-Acetylcysteine to Rescue Nicotine-induced Injury Using Beating Cilia in Primary Tissue Derived Airway Organoids.cited 1×
adolescent nicotine exposure followed by a period of drug cessation	Increases - increased	AChE activity	Animal	male Wistar rats	Not specified	Omega-3 fatty acids prevent nicotine withdrawal-induced impairment of learning and memory via affecting oxidative status, inflammatory response, cholinergic activity, BDNF and amyloid-B in rat hippocampal tissues.cited 9×
repeated nicotine administration	Increases - remarkably elevated	locomotor activity of mice	Animal	mice	1 nmol and 5 nmol α-CTx TxIB per mouse	α-Conotoxin TxIB Reversed Nicotine-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Nicotine-Enhanced Dopaminergic Activity in Mice.
Nicotine treatment	Increases - increased	caspase-1 activity	Molecular	podocytes	Not specified	Acid Sphingomyelinase and Ceramide Signaling Pathway Mediates Nicotine-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Podocyte Injury.cited 1×
nicotine treatment	Increases - significantly increased	caspase-1 activity	Molecular	podocytes	Not specified	Mitigation of nicotine-induced podocyte injury through inhibition of thioredoxin interacting protein.