Changes in Locomotor Activity Observed During Acute Nicotine Withdrawal Can Be Attenuated by Ghrelin and GHRP-6 in Rats.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to investigate the effects of ghrelin and GHRP-6 on horizontal and vertical activity in rats exposed to chronic nicotine treatment followed by acute nicotine withdrawal.
Results Summary
Nicotine-treated rats showed hyperactivity after 12 hours of withdrawal, which was reduced by ghrelin and GHRP-6, and hypoactivity after 24 hours, which was reversed by the same peptides.
Population
Male and female Wistar rats
Effective Dosage
2 mg/kg nicotine (intraperitoneal, twice daily) and 1 μg/2 μL ghrelin or GHRP-6 (intracerebroventricular, once daily)
Duration
7 days
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
chronic nicotine treatment | increase | horizontal and vertical activity | nicotine-treated rats | - | a significant hyperactivity was observed | #1 |
ghrelin | decrease | hyperactivity | nicotine-treated rats | - | reduced significantly | #2 |
GHRP-6 | decrease | hyperactivity | nicotine-treated rats | - | reduced significantly | #3 |
chronic nicotine treatment followed by acute nicotine withdrawal | decrease | horizontal and vertical activity | nicotine-treated rats | - | a significant hypoactivity was assessed | #4 |
ghrelin | increase | hypoactivity | nicotine-treated rats | - | reversed significantly | #5 |
GHRP-6 | increase | hypoactivity | nicotine-treated rats | - | reversed significantly | #6 |
ghrelin | decrease | changes in horizontal and vertical activity observed after 12 and 24 h of nicotine withdrawal | rats | - | can be attenuated | #7 |
GHRP-6 | decrease | changes in horizontal and vertical activity observed after 12 and 24 h of nicotine withdrawal | rats | - | can be attenuated | #8 |
Background/Objectives: Ghrelin and growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (GHRP-6) are peptides which can stimulate GH release, acting through the same receptor. Ghrelin and its receptor have been involved in reward sensation and addiction induced by natural and artificial drugs, including nicotine. The present study aimed to investigate the impacts of ghrelin and GHRP-6 on the horizontal and vertical activity in rats exposed to chronic nicotine treatment followed by acute nicotine withdrawal. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats were exposed daily to intraperitoneal (ip) injection with 2 mg/kg nicotine or saline solution for 7 days, twice a day (at 8:00 and at 20:00). In parallel, the rats were exposed daily to an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection with 1 μg/2 μL ghrelin or 1 μg/2 μL GHRP-6 or saline solution for 7 days, once a day (at 8:00). On the morning of the eighth day (12 h after the last ip administration) and the ninth day (24 h after the last ip administration), the horizontal and vertical activity were monitored in a conducta system. Results: On the eighth day, in nicotine-treated rats a significant hyperactivity was observed, that was reduced significantly by ghrelin and GHRP-6. On the ninth day, in nicotine-treated rats a significant hypoactivity was assessed that was reversed significantly by ghrelin and GHRP-6. Conclusions: Based on the present results, the changes in horizontal and vertical activity observed after 12 and 24 h of nicotine withdrawal can be attenuated by ghrelin and GHRP-6.