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Evidence suggests Ketogenic Diet maydecreaseLean mass.
20 studies (26 claims)
Conflicting evidence
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MI+DCI in association with diet | Increases - slight increase | percent lean mass | Human | overweight/obese PCOS women | Group 2: MI 4 g + folic acid 400 µg daily; Group 3: MI 1.1 g + DCI 27.6 mg + folic acid 400 µg daily. | Effects of three treatment modalities (diet, myoinositol or myoinositol associated with D-chiro-inositol) on clinical and body composition outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.cited 19× |
| leucine supplementation coupled with a calorie-restricted diet | Decreases - lost | lean mass | Human | mid-life overweight and obese women | 10 g leucine daily | Efficacy of L-Leucine Supplementation Coupled with a Calorie-Restricted Diet to Promote Weight Loss in Mid-Life Women.cited 7× |
| Brazil and cashew nuts intake within an energy-restricted diet | Increases - improvement of | lean mass percentage | Human | cardiometabolic risk women | 45 g daily (15 g Brazil nuts + 30 g cashew nuts). | Brazil and cashew nuts intake improve body composition and endothelial health in women at cardiometabolic risk (Brazilian Nuts Study): a randomized controlled trial.cited 19× |
| reduced-calorie diet including a daily dark chocolate snack | No effect - no change | lean mass | Human | overweight and obese premenopausal women | Daily dark chocolate snack (exact amount not specified). | A reduced-calorie dietary pattern including a daily sweet snack promotes body weight reduction and body composition improvements in premenopausal women who are overweight and obese: a pilot study.cited 15× |
| reduced-calorie diet including a daily non-chocolate snack | No effect - no change | lean mass | Human | overweight and obese premenopausal women | Daily dark chocolate snack (exact amount not specified). | A reduced-calorie dietary pattern including a daily sweet snack promotes body weight reduction and body composition improvements in premenopausal women who are overweight and obese: a pilot study.cited 15× |
| a 6-month personalized counseling program, based on Mediterranean diet principles | Decreases - decreased | lean mass | Human | cohort A (EBC patients who attended counseling) | 6-month personalized dietary counseling program based on Mediterranean diet principles. | Body composition in early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors: Does dietary counseling matter? |
| a 6-month personalized counseling program, based on Mediterranean diet principles | Decreases - decreased | lean mass | Human | cohort B (EBC patients who did not attend counseling) | 6-month personalized dietary counseling program based on Mediterranean diet principles. | Body composition in early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors: Does dietary counseling matter? |
| 12-week proprietary very low calorie diet (VLCD) treatment (Optifast) | Decreases - lost | lean mass (LM) | Human | morbidly obese patients | Not specified | Resistance training during a 12-week protein supplemented VLCD treatment enhances weight-loss outcomes in obese patients.cited 15× |
| 12-week proprietary very low calorie diet (VLCD) treatment (Optifast) with resistance training | No effect - demonstrated no changes | lean mass (LM) | Human | morbidly obese patients | Not specified | Resistance training during a 12-week protein supplemented VLCD treatment enhances weight-loss outcomes in obese patients.cited 15× |
| diet containing 121 ppm of L-carnitine (LC121) | Increases - were greater | body fat : lean mass ratio | Human | adult cats | — | Cats in Positive Energy Balance Have Lower Rates of Adipose Gain When Fed Diets Containing 188 versus 121 ppm L-Carnitine. |
| high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet | Decreases - lost | lean mass | Human | participants diagnosed with LC-FAODs | Not specified | Higher dietary protein intake preserves lean body mass, lowers liver lipid deposition, and maintains metabolic control in participants with long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders.cited 8× |
| diet combined with a long-supervised Nordic walking training | Increases - increased | lean mass | Human | overweight adults | Supervised training 3 times/week | The effects of exercise and diet program in overweight people - Nordic walking versus walking.cited 13× |
| moderate-protein diet with 25 g beef/d (B25) | No effect - no differences between groups | lean mass | Human | adults with BMI 28-40 kg/m2 who lost ≥8% body weight | 25 g beef/day (moderate-protein diet) vs. 150 g beef/day (high-protein diet). | Unprocessed red meat in the dietary treatment of obesity: a randomized controlled trial of beef supplementation during weight maintenance after successful weight loss.cited 5× |
| high-protein diet with 150 g beef/d (B150) | No effect - no differences between groups | lean mass | Human | adults with BMI 28-40 kg/m2 who lost ≥8% body weight | 25 g beef/day (moderate-protein diet) vs. 150 g beef/day (high-protein diet). | Unprocessed red meat in the dietary treatment of obesity: a randomized controlled trial of beef supplementation during weight maintenance after successful weight loss.cited 5× |
| High-protein diet | No effect - was unaltered | lean mass | Animal | WTD/HPD rats | 52% of calories from protein | High-protein diet selectively reduces fat mass and improves glucose tolerance in Western-type diet-induced obese rats.cited 22× |
| high protein diet | Increases - will favor | lean mass maintenance | HumanAnimal | certain age groups of humans | Not specified | Protein, amino acids and obesity treatment.cited 61× |
| diet containing 1.6 g protein · kg-1 · d-1 with whey protein or collagen peptides | Decreases - significant reductions in | leg lean mass | Human | 16 men, mean ± SD age: 69 ± 3 y; 15 women, mean ± SD age: 68 ± 4 y | 30 g collagen peptides, consumed twice daily | A randomized controlled trial of the impact of protein supplementation on leg lean mass and integrated muscle protein synthesis during inactivity and energy restriction in older persons.cited 51× |
| a higher protein diet | Decreases - can mitigate loss | lean mass | Human | older adults with obesity | Not available | Rationale and Design for a Higher (Dairy) Protein Weight Loss Intervention That Promotes Muscle Quality and Bone Health in Older Adults with Obesity: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study.cited 2× |
| balanced diet enriched with free-Leucine supplementation | Increases - promotes gains | lean mass | Human | older men diagnosticated with gastrointestinal and appendix organs of digestion cancer | Not specified | A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Leucine-Supplement Combined with Nutritional Counseling on Body Composition in Mix Cancer Older Men.cited 1× |
| Paleolithic diet with supervised exercise sessions | Decreases - decreased | lean mass | Human | male participants with type 2 diabetes | Not specified (dietary intervention only). | Benefits of a Paleolithic diet with and without supervised exercise on fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control: a randomized controlled trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes.cited 51× |
| Paleolithic diet | Decreases - decreased | lean mass | Human | male participants with type 2 diabetes | Not specified (dietary intervention only). | Benefits of a Paleolithic diet with and without supervised exercise on fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control: a randomized controlled trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes.cited 51× |
| Mediterranean style diet (MSD) | Decreases - significantly decrease | lean mass | Human | children and adolescents with obesity | Not specified (diet composition: 60% carbohydrate, 25% fat, 15% protein, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, flavonoids, and antioxidants). | Mediterranean-style diet reduces metabolic syndrome components in obese children and adolescents with obesity.cited 120× |
| beef protein diet + AHE | Increases - demonstrated reduced fat mass and increased lean mass with aging | lean mass | Animal | females | Not specified | The Modification of Dietary Protein with Ammonium Hydroxide Enhancement Improves Longevity and Metabolic Outcomes in a Sex-Dependent Manner.cited 1× |
| AHE beef protein diet | Increases - increased lean mass at 6 months | lean mass | Animal | males | Not specified | The Modification of Dietary Protein with Ammonium Hydroxide Enhancement Improves Longevity and Metabolic Outcomes in a Sex-Dependent Manner.cited 1× |
| standard protein diet (0.8-1.0 g/kg/day) | Decreases - had its ... significantly reduced | appendicular lean mass (ALM) | Human | middle-aged and older adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with low muscle mass, strength, or poor physical performance | Control group: 0.8-1.0 g/kg/day; Intervention group: 1.2-1.5 g/kg/day. | The effects of dietary protein on physical performance and body composition in middle age and older people having type II diabetes mellitus: a randomized pilot study.cited 1× |
| reduced-calorie diet (RCD) and 100% orange juice (OJ) | Decreases - had similar outcomes regarding | lean mass | Human | obese individuals | 500 mL/day of 100% orange juice. | Orange juice allied to a reduced-calorie diet results in weight loss and ameliorates obesity-related biomarkers: A randomized controlled trial.cited 43× |