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Evidence suggests Calcium mayincreaseCardiovascular risk.
15 studies (17 claims)
Conflicting evidence
Typical effective dose 1200 (1100–2100) mgacross 3 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| calcium and vitamin D (1g calcium and 400 IU vitamin D daily) | No effect - did not alter | cardiovascular risk | Human | women taking personal calcium supplements | 1g calcium and 400 IU vitamin D daily. | Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis.cited 596× |
| dietary calcium | Decreases - may have a beneficial effect | cardiovascular risk | Human | humans | Not specified | Role of calcium on lipid digestion and serum lipids: a review.cited 18× |
| higher calcium intake | Decreases - might favourably modify | cardiovascular risk factors | Human | — | Not specified | Associations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC-Heidelberg).cited 217× |
| calcium supplementation | Increases - increased | cardiovascular risk | Human | — | Not specified | Calcium intake: good for the bones but bad for the heart? An analysis of clinical studies.cited 14× |
| consumption of foods rich in calcium | No effect - reported no increase | cardiovascular risk | Human | — | Not specified | Calcium intake: good for the bones but bad for the heart? An analysis of clinical studies.cited 14× |
| calcium supplementation | No effect - assertions of increased cardiovascular risk are not convincingly supported | cardiovascular risk | Human | — | Not specified | The role of calcium supplementation in healthy musculoskeletal ageing : An expert consensus meeting of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) and the International Foundation for Osteoporosis (IOF).cited 116× |
| calcium supplements | Increases - small increase | cardiovascular risk | Human | — | Not specified | Cardiovascular effects of calcium supplementation.cited 76× |
| calcium supplements | Increases - might increase | cardiovascular risk | Human | patients with renal impairment | — | Cardiovascular complications of calcium supplements.cited 28× |
| calcium supplements | Increases - the same problem occurs | cardiovascular risk | Human | older people | — | Cardiovascular complications of calcium supplements.cited 28× |
| calcium supplements | Increases - associated with increased | cardiovascular risk | Human | — | 1 g/day of calcium as carbonate | Acute and 3-month effects of calcium carbonate on the calcification propensity of serum and regulators of vascular calcification: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.cited 11× |
| calcium supplements | Increases - appear to increase | cardiovascular risk | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Acute effects of calcium supplements on blood pressure: randomised, crossover trial in postmenopausal women.cited 8× |
| calcium supplements | Increases - increase | cardiovascular risk | Human | — | — | Translation of research into clinical practice: a case study of calcium supplement prescribing in New Zealand.cited 3× |
| absence of coronary calcium | Decreases - serves as a factor to de-risk patients | cardiovascular risk stratification and management algorithms | Human | patients | Not mentioned | Calcification of the heart: mechanisms and therapeutic avenues.cited 26× |
| calcium intake | No effect - recommend | cardiovascular risk | Human | — | Up to 1,200 mg daily of calcium | Cardiovascular Impact of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplements: A Narrative Review.cited 5× |
| vitamin D or calcium intake | No effect - neither of these associations have established evidence nor known causality for increasing | cardiovascular risk or all-cause mortality | Human | patients with creatinine clearances greater than 60 mL/min | Safe upper limit: 2000-3000 mg daily; suggested intake: 1200 mg daily. | Vitamin D, calcium, and cardiovascular mortality: a perspective from a plenary lecture given at the annual meeting of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.cited 8× |
| calcium | Decreases - consistently reported as effective | cardiovascular risk factors | Human | clinic patients | Not specified. | A systemic review on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol, curcumin, and dietary nitric oxide supplementation on human cardiovascular health.cited 103× |
| Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation | Increases - potential risk | cardiovascular risk | Human | — | — | The cardiovascular safety aspects of calcium supplementations: where does the truth lie? A personal perspective. |