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Evidence suggests Walking mayincreaseFunctional outcomes.
46 studies (44 claims)
Emerging evidence
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| walking school buses | Increases - most effective for increasing | relevant outcomes | Human | primary school children | Not specified | Interventions promoting active transport to school in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 26× |
| supervised group-based walking intervention | No effect - examining the effectiveness | physical, psychological and social outcomes | Human | older adults in Hong Kong | Not specified | Effectiveness of a supervised group-based walking program on physical, psychological and social outcomes among older adults: a randomised controlled trial protocol.cited 1× |
| supervised group-based walking intervention | No effect - comparing it with unsupervised group-based walking and unsupervised individual-based walking interventions | physical, psychological and social outcomes | Human | older adults in Hong Kong | Not specified | Effectiveness of a supervised group-based walking program on physical, psychological and social outcomes among older adults: a randomised controlled trial protocol.cited 1× |
| conventional intensive overground walking (CON-W) | Increases - significantly improved | most of the secondary outcomes | Human | patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and severe gait disabilities | 12 rehabilitation sessions over 6 weeks (interval walking with BFR bands at the thighs for BFR-W; physiotherapist-assisted overground walking for CON-W). | Effectiveness of blood flow-restricted slow walking on mobility in severe multiple sclerosis: A pilot randomized trial.cited 33× |
| blood flow restriction-empowered low-intensity interval walking exercise (BFR-W) | Increases - significantly improved | most of the secondary outcomes | Human | patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and severe gait disabilities | 12 rehabilitation sessions over 6 weeks (interval walking with BFR bands at the thighs for BFR-W; physiotherapist-assisted overground walking for CON-W). | Effectiveness of blood flow-restricted slow walking on mobility in severe multiple sclerosis: A pilot randomized trial.cited 33× |
| backward walking training | Increases - significant improvement was maintained | all measured outcomes | Human | children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy | 25 minutes per session, three sessions per week. | Effectiveness of backward walking training on walking ability in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial.cited 25× |
| home-based walking | No effect - showed no differences regarding | pregnancy or delivery outcomes | Human | sedentary Japanese women | Brisk walking for 30 minutes, three times weekly. | Home-based walking during pregnancy affects mood and birth outcomes among sedentary women: A randomized controlled trial.cited 24× |
| walking adaptability training | No effect - no significant group differences | secondary outcomes | Human | people with motor incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) | 11 hours of GRAIL training (walking adaptability group) or 11 hours of treadmill training and lower-body strength exercises (conventional group). | Efficacy of Walking Adaptability Training on Walking Capacity in Ambulatory People With Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Multicenter Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 1× |
| multidisciplinary PAD management with supervised walking or calf muscle activity | Increases - experienced more consistently improved | patient-centred outcomes | Human | those with PAD | Not specified | Peripheral arterial disease: Scoping review of patient-centred outcomes.cited 13× |
| pedometer-based walking intervention | Increases - demonstrated positive effects | objective physical activity (PA) outcomes | Human | 45-75-year-old primary care patients | Not specified | Relating process evaluation measures to complex intervention outcomes: findings from the PACE-UP primary care pedometer-based walking trial.cited 10× |
| Backward walking (BW) training program | Increases - demonstrated improvements | all outcomes | Human | patients with first-time stroke | 20 minutes of over-ground backward walking per session, 10 daily sessions. | Clinical application of backward walking training to improve walking function, balance, and fall-risk in acute stroke: a case series.cited 7× |
| walking activity after WBV exposure | Decreases - degradation of | slowest 10% reaction speed outcomes | Human | healthy adults | Four 1-hour sessions of WBV exposure followed by one of four 5-minute activities. | The effect of selected rest break activities on reaction time, balance, and perceived discomfort after one hour of simulated occupational whole-body vibration exposure in healthy adults. |
| usual physiotherapy care plus a wearables-based walking intervention | No effect - No between-group differences were found | other secondary outcomes | Human | people with LBP at risk of chronicity | Not specified (wearables-based walking intervention). | Wearables-based walking program in addition to usual physiotherapy care for the management of patients with low back pain at medium or high risk of chronicity: A pilot randomized controlled trial.cited 7× |
| Nordic walking (NW) training program plus education and usual care | Increases - is expected to improve | asthma-related outcomes | Human | patients with asthma | Supervised Nordic walking sessions three times per week. | Effectiveness of nordic walking in patients with asthma: A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.cited 2× |
| Nordic walking (NW) training program plus education and usual care | Increases - is superior to | exercise tolerance and other health-related outcomes | Human | patients with asthma | Supervised Nordic walking sessions three times per week. | Effectiveness of nordic walking in patients with asthma: A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.cited 2× |
| a home-based, progressive aerobic walking and resistance exercise program (EXCAP) | Increases - improved | physical and psychological outcomes | Human | patients with cancer | Progressive aerobic walking and resistance exercises (26.2 minutes per day, 2.9 days per week at low intensity). | A single-arm pilot study of a mobile health exercise intervention (GO-EXCAP) in older patients with myeloid neoplasms.cited 17× |
| pedometer-based walking intervention delivered by post | No effect - no significant differences | 12-mo PA outcomes | Human | predominantly inactive adults | Pedometer use with a 12-week walking program and physical activity diaries; nurse group also received three physical activity consultations. | Effect of a Primary Care Walking Intervention with and without Nurse Support on Physical Activity Levels in 45- to 75-Year-Olds: The Pedometer And Consultation Evaluation (PACE-UP) Cluster Randomised Clinical Trial.cited 65× |
| pedometer-based walking intervention with nurse support | No effect - no significant differences | 12-mo PA outcomes | Human | predominantly inactive adults | Pedometer use with a 12-week walking program and physical activity diaries; nurse group also received three physical activity consultations. | Effect of a Primary Care Walking Intervention with and without Nurse Support on Physical Activity Levels in 45- to 75-Year-Olds: The Pedometer And Consultation Evaluation (PACE-UP) Cluster Randomised Clinical Trial.cited 65× |
| medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) using a medial locked plate system and relatively conservative rehabilitation protocol with full weight-bearing walking commenced at 6 weeks postoperatively | No effect - showed no radiologic changes or functional deterioration | midterm outcomes | Human | patients with type I and II lateral hinge fractures | Full weight-bearing walking commenced at 6 weeks postoperatively. | Extra-articular Lateral Hinge Fracture Does Not Affect the Outcomes in Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy Using a Locked Plate System.cited 23× |
| Remotely monitored (telehealth) home-based exercise or pedometer-based walking interventions | No effect - might be interesting alternatives to supervised outpatient rehabilitation interventions | rehabilitation outcomes | Human | lung transplant recipients in the long-term posttransplant phase | Not specified | Rehabilitation in Patients before and after Lung Transplantation.cited 55× |
| online 12-week walking intervention | No effect - explore its impact | quality of life outcomes | Human | cancer survivors | Not specified | Effect of a 12-Week Online Walking Intervention on Health and Quality of Life in Cancer Survivors: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 33× |
| Daily walking activities | Increases - are associated with improving | cardiovascular outcomes | Human | older kidney transplant recipients | Not specified (activity tracker use was monitored). | Maintenance phase of a physical activity intervention in older kidney transplant recipients: A 12-month follow-up.cited 5× |
| social networking Web site (Meetup™) delivering a multicomponent dog walking intervention | Increases - reported an increase | perceived positive outcomes of dog walking | Animal | sedentary dog owners | Not specified | An online social network to increase walking in dog owners: a randomized trial.cited 18× |
| objective measures of physical function such as usual walking speed | No effect - extensively validated against | health outcomes | Human | — | Not specified | Ageing well: a review of sarcopenia and frailty.cited 81× |
| Backward walking training (BWT) in addition to conventional walking training (CWT) | Increases - significantly improved more than the control group | all outcomes | Human | people with MS (PwMS) | Training performed three times a week for 8 weeks. | Effects of backward walking training on balance, gait, and functional mobility in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled study.cited 4× |
| interrupted sitting with 3-min bouts of self-paced walking at 30-min intervals (SIT-LESS) | Increases - improving | experimental and free-living postprandial, whole-day and night-time glycaemic outcomes | Human | inactive adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) | 3-minute bouts of self-paced walking at 30-minute intervals. | Interrupting prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of light-intensity activity in people with type 1 diabetes improves glycaemic control without increasing hypoglycaemia: The SIT-LESS randomised controlled trial.cited 10× |
| no information, calories-only, and calories plus equivalent miles of walking labels | No effect - had little impact | exercise-related outcomes | Human | Participants (N = 643) | Not applicable | Exploring enhanced menu labels' influence on fast food selections and exercise-related attitudes, perceptions, and intentions.cited 8× |
| weekly emailed tips emphasizing social network interactions for walking | No effect - evaluated the effects of | objectively measured outcomes | Human | Physically inactive adults | Not specified (interventions included weekly emailed tips, online fitness walking, and online networking prompts). | Engineering Online and In-Person Social Networks for Physical Activity: A Randomized Trial.cited 34× |
| providing access to an online networking site for walking as well as prompting walking/activity across diverse settings | No effect - evaluated the additional incremental effect of | objectively measured outcomes | Human | Physically inactive adults | Not specified (interventions included weekly emailed tips, online fitness walking, and online networking prompts). | Engineering Online and In-Person Social Networks for Physical Activity: A Randomized Trial.cited 34× |
| evidence-based online fitness walking intervention added to weekly tips | No effect - evaluated the incremental effect of | objectively measured outcomes | Human | Physically inactive adults | Not specified (interventions included weekly emailed tips, online fitness walking, and online networking prompts). | Engineering Online and In-Person Social Networks for Physical Activity: A Randomized Trial.cited 34× |
| theory-driven app-based intervention with behavioural support focused on promoting brisk walking (a form of MVPA) | Increases - suggest that the trial procedures are acceptable and that the intervention is feasible | feasibility outcomes | Human | people LWBC | Not specified (intervention included the NHS 'Active 10' app, print materials, and two behavioral support calls). | The feasibility and acceptability of an app-based intervention with brief behavioural support (APPROACH) to promote brisk walking in people diagnosed with breast, prostate and colorectal cancer in the UK.cited 3× |
| walking tests and tools | No effect - were found to be valid and reliable | walking outcomes | Human | adults with inherited or genetic NMDs | Not available | Walking test outcomes in adults with genetic neuromuscular diseases: a systematic literature review of their measurement properties.cited 1× |
| virtual reality augmented treadmill walking training | Increases - enhances outcomes | outcomes | Human | patients with walking and balance impairments | Not specified | Virtual reality augments effectiveness of treadmill walking training in patients with walking and balance impairments: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 3× |
| initiating walking training within 14 days of aSAH onset | Increases - exhibited a higher proportion of | favorable outcomes | Human | patients with aSAH | Not specified (walking training initiated within 14 days vs. after 14 days). | Association Between Early Mobilization and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Study.cited 2× |
| initiating walking training within 14 days of aSAH onset | Increases - is associated with | favorable outcomes | Human | patients with aSAH | Not specified (walking training initiated within 14 days vs. after 14 days). | Association Between Early Mobilization and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Study.cited 2× |
| volunteer-assisted walking | No effect - failed to show superiority | other health outcomes | Human | people aged 65 years and older with restricted mobility due to physical limitations | 30-50 min walks up to three times a week. | A volunteer-supported walking programme to improve physical function in older people with restricted mobility (the POWER Study): a randomised controlled trial.cited 2× |
| telephone counselor delivered pedometer-mediated walking intervention that incorporates action planning and motivational interviewing | Increases - mediate improvement | chronic pain outcomes | Human | African American patients with hip, back and knee pain | 6 telephone counseling sessions over 8-10 weeks, with pedometer use. | Taking ACTION to reduce pain: ACTION study rationale, design and protocol of a randomized trial of a proactive telephone-based coaching intervention for chronic musculoskeletal pain among African Americans.cited 17× |
| treadmill walking exercise training | No effect - informing subsequent RCTs for developing | hippocampal outcomes | Human | cognitively impaired persons with MS | Supervised treadmill walking exercise training three times per week. | Rationale and design of a single-blind, randomised controlled trial of exercise training for managing learning and memory impairment in persons with multiple sclerosis.cited 9× |
| mindful walking | No effect - efficacy on | cognitive and other health-related outcomes | Human | ADRD at-risk AA older adults | 24 sessions of outdoor mindful walking over three months. | Implementation and evaluation of a community-based mindful walking randomized controlled trial to sustain cognitive health in older African Americans at risk for dementia. |
| Backward walking (BW) | Increases - has emerged as a promising intervention modality for enhancing | mobility and strength outcomes | Human | — | Not specified (intervention involves 8 weeks of backward walking training). | Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing backward walking to forward walking training on balance in multiple sclerosis: The TRAIN-MS trial.cited 1× |
| pedometer-driven walking | Increases - low cost, easily accessible, and sustainable means of physical activity | disability and clinical outcomes | Human | people with CLBP in Saskatchewan, Canada | Not specified (pedometer-driven walking program, frequency not detailed). | Walking away from back pain: one step at a time - a community-based randomised controlled trial.cited 4× |
| outdoor or walking activity | Increases - showing an overall positive impact | physical outcomes | Human | people with dementia in nursing homes | Not specified | Nurse-led physical activity interventions for people with dementia in nursing homes: A systematic review on intervention characteristics and implementation facilitators/barriers.cited 2× |
| advice to perform postmeal walking (PMW) | No effect - did not improve | postprandial glucose outcomes | Human | women with gestational diabetes (GDM) | Standard care (30-min continuous walking most days per week) or PMW (daily 10-min walks after three main meals). | Diagnosis to Delivery: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Postmeal Walking in Women with Gestational Diabetes.cited 1× |
| Western diet high-fat meal or Mediterranean-type diet meal combined with walking or rest | No effect - Our data revealed no significant meal × activity effects on | all outcomes | Human | older adults with an increased CVD risk | 30 minutes of walking at 4.6 ± 0.1 km/h post-meal. | Moderate Postmeal Walking Has No Beneficial Effects Over Resting on Postprandial Lipemia, Glycemia, Insulinemia, and Selected Oxidative and Inflammatory Parameters in Older Adults with a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Phenotype: A Randomized Crossover Trial.cited 10× |
| Six telephone coaching sessions over 8-14 weeks, proactively delivered, using action planning and motivational interviewing to increase walking | No effect - did not produce statistically significant effects on | other secondary outcomes assessed at 6 months | Human | Black patients at the Atlanta VA Health Care System with moderate to severe chronic back, hip, or knee pain | Six telephone coaching sessions over 8-14 weeks. | Taking ACTION to Reduce Pain: a Randomized Clinical Trial of a Walking-Focused, Proactive Coaching Intervention for Black Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain.cited 14× |
| Moms UNITE (Using Networks to Increase Togetherness and Efficacy) for Health walking intervention | Increases - designed to compare | secondary outcomes | Human | mothers | Not specified | Increasing collective efficacy for physical activity: Design and rationale of Moms UNITE for Health.cited 3× |
| walking-only intervention | No effect - no significant improvements | other outcomes | Human | community-dwelling older adults | Not specified | Effects of Walking-Only Intervention on Physical Function, Fall-Related Outcomes, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 1× |
| inclusion of trunk strengthening to a walking-balance exercise program | No effect - did not lead to statistically significant between-group improvements | physical activity levels or psychological outcomes | Human | this cohort | 12-week exercise program (walking and balance with or without trunk-strengthening), followed by a 6-week walking-only program. | The effect of the inclusion of trunk-strengthening exercises to a multimodal exercise program on physical activity levels and psychological functioning in older adults: secondary data analysis of a randomized controlled trial.cited 4× |
| brisk walking | Increases - associated with beneficial outcomes | outcomes for men with prostate cancer | Human | men with prostate cancer | Not specified | Prostate cancer - evidence of exercise and nutrition trial (PrEvENT): study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial.cited 12× |
| walking routes | Increases - can have positive impacts | health outcomes | Human | — | Not specified | Examining the effectiveness of place-based interventions to improve public health and reduce health inequalities: an umbrella review.cited 53× |
| Nordic Walking | No effect - failed to show any difference compared to the control group (Walking) | all considered outcomes | Human | Parkinson's disease patients at a Hoehn and Yahr stage between 2 and 3 | Not specified | Nordic Walking and Walking in Parkinson's disease: a randomized single-blind controlled trial.cited 20× |
| Nordic walking | Increases - feasible and likely to be effective in improving | functional and clinical outcomes | Human | people with Parkinson disease | Not specified | Nordic Walking for the Management of People With Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review.cited 26× |
| Nordic Walking | No effect - reported either benefits or no effects | motor and non-motor outcomes | Human | 318 patients at the early stages of PD with low to moderate severity | Not specified | The motor and the non-motor outcomes of Nordic Walking in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.cited 9× |