3
5
↑3
↓5
—0
Evidence suggests Smoking maydecreaseHypertension.
9 studies (8 claims)
Emerging evidence
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimal nutrition, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation, and moderate restriction of alcohol and caffeine, in addition to other lifestyle modifications | Decreases - can prevent, delay the onset, reduce the severity, treat and control | hypertension | Human | many patients | Not specified | Nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension.cited 26× |
| tobacco smoking | Increases - associated | hypertension and diabetes risk | Human | Malawi population | Not specified | Systematic Review of Hypertension and Diabetes Burden, Risk Factors, and Interventions for Prevention and Control in Malawi: The NCD BRITE Consortium.cited 28× |
| moderate/vigorous physical activity combined with smoking | Decreases - associated with lower odds | hypertension | Human | participants aged 25-64 years | Not specified | The interplay of physical activity and smoking with metabolic syndrome and its components in the STEPS survey. |
| no smoking or alcohol | No effect - associated with | home-based self-care for hypertension | Human | patients diagnosed with hypertension | Not specified | Determinants of Self-Care and Home-Based Management of Hypertension: An Integrative Review.cited 14× |
| smoking cessation | Decreases - consistent in recommendations | hypertension prevention and treatment | Human | hypertensive patients and general population | Not specified | Non-pharmacological factors for hypertension management: a systematic review of international guidelines.cited 21× |
| optimal nutrition, nutraceutical supplements, vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation, and moderate restriction of alcohol and caffeine | Decreases - can prevent and control | hypertension | Human | many patients | — | The role of nutrition, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals in the prevention and treatment of hypertension.cited 20× |
| Optimal nutrition, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation and moderate restriction of alcohol and caffeine in addition to other lifestyle modifications | Decreases - can prevent and control | hypertension | Human | many patients | High-dose therapy (specific amounts not detailed). | The role of cellular micronutrient analysis, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.cited 52× |
| smoking | Increases - associated with | hypertension | Human | adolescents and adults in Ghana | Not specified | Risk factors associated with the incidence and prevalence of hypertension in Ghana: an integrated review (2016-2021).cited 6× |
| smoking | Increases - agreed that are major risk factors | hypertension risk | Human | FCHV | Not available | Understanding and Motivations of Female Community Health Volunteers About Blood Pressure Control: A Prerequisite for Developing Community-Based Hypertension Interventions in Nepal.cited 7× |