Risk factors associated with the incidence and prevalence of hypertension in Ghana: an integrated review (2016-2021).
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to identify risk factors associated with hypertension, including the role of salt consumption, among adolescents and adults in Ghana.
Results Summary
The study found that consuming additional table salt and salted meat were modifiable risk factors for hypertension, alongside other dietary and lifestyle factors. Prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was high, indicating a significant public health concern.
Population
Adolescents and adults in Ghana.
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #1 |
consuming additional table salt | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #2 |
consuming salted meat | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #3 |
alcohol consumption | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #4 |
consuming canned meats | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #5 |
smoking | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #6 |
stress | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #7 |
anxiety | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #8 |
higher education and socio-economic status | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #9 |
employment | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #10 |
access to medical insurance | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #11 |
overweight | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #12 |
higher BMI | increase | hypertension | adolescents and adults in Ghana | - | associated with | #13 |
This study synthesized the risk factors associated with hypertension among adolescents and adults in Ghana. A systematic search in four databases between 2016 and 2021 retrieved 119 Ghanaian studies, and through screening, 16 were selected. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize extracted data. Prevalence of hypertension ranged from 13.0% to 28.4% and prehypertension 22.0% to 51.4%. The non-modifiable hypertension risk factors were age, marital status, gender, and residence. The modifiable risk factors were consuming additional table salt, salted meat, alcohol, canned meats, smoking, and psychological factors, including stress and anxiety. Also, higher education and socio-economic status, employment, access to medical insurance, overweight, and higher BMI were risk factors. Targeted, sustained, systematic, and effective intervention programs should target high-risk people.