20
2
12
↑20
↓2
—12
Evidence suggests MDMA mayincreaseSide effects.
22 studies (34 claims)
Emerging evidence
Typical effective dose 100 (100–100) mgacross 6 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| co-administration of methylphenidate and MDMA | Increases - were significantly higher | haemodynamic and adverse effects | Human | healthy subjects | 125 mg MDMA | Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of methylphenidate and MDMA administered alone or in combination.cited 99× |
| combined use of methylphenidate and MDMA | Increases - potentially enhances | cardiovascular and adverse effects | Human | — | 125 mg MDMA | Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of methylphenidate and MDMA administered alone or in combination.cited 99× |
| combined use of methylphenidate and MDMA | No effect - does not produce more | psychoactive effects | Human | — | 125 mg MDMA | Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of methylphenidate and MDMA administered alone or in combination.cited 99× |
| MDMA-assisted psychotherapy (MDMA-AP) | Increases - associated with increased odds of side effects | odds of side effects | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Side-effects of mdma-assisted psychotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 6× |
| co-administration of MDMA (100 mg) | No effect - did not improve acute effects | acute effects | Human | 24 healthy subjects (12 women, 12 men) | 100 mg MDMA and 100 µg LSD | Acute effects of MDMA and LSD co-administration in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy participants.cited 23× |
| co-administration of MDMA (100 mg) and LSD (100 µg) | Increases - acute subjective effects lasted longer | duration of acute subjective effects | Human | 24 healthy subjects (12 women, 12 men) | 100 mg MDMA and 100 µg LSD | Acute effects of MDMA and LSD co-administration in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy participants.cited 23× |
| co-administration of MDMA (100 mg) and LSD (100 µg) | No effect - did not change the quality of acute subjective effects | quality of acute subjective effects | Human | 24 healthy subjects (12 women, 12 men) | 100 mg MDMA and 100 µg LSD | Acute effects of MDMA and LSD co-administration in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy participants.cited 23× |
| MDMA | Increases - are more pronounced | acute MDMA effects | Human | women | Not specified | Key interindividual determinants in MDMA pharmacodynamics.cited 9× |
| MDMA | Increases - are more pronounced | acute MDMA effects | Human | women compared to men | Not specified | Key interindividual determinants in MDMA pharmacodynamics.cited 9× |
| MDMA | No effect - can slightly modify | plasma concentrations and effects | Human | — | Not specified | Key interindividual determinants in MDMA pharmacodynamics.cited 9× |
| MDMA | Increases - induces | pro-social effects | Human | — | Not specified | Key interindividual determinants in MDMA pharmacodynamics.cited 9× |
| MDMA | Increases - exhibit heightened sensitivity to the subjective effects of | anxiety, adverse effects, and negative side effects | Human | females | Not specified | Women and MDMA: particularities of gender and sex.cited 2× |
| MDMA (concentration increased) | Increases - effects reversed, with a peak at 2.5 μM | anxiolytic and prosocial effects | Animal | 3-week-old zebrafish | 0.5 μM to 2.5 μM (acute exposure) | Exploring the impact of MDMA and oxytocin ligands on anxiety and social responses: A comprehensive behavioural and molecular study in the zebrafish model. |
| MDMA (single oral weight-adjusted dose) | Increases - determined greater | cardiovascular effects | Human | subjects with COMT val158met (val/val) or 5-HTTLPR (l/*) genotypes of high functionality | Single oral dose of 1.4 mg/kg (range 75-100 mg). | Clinical pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"): the influence of gender and genetics (CYP2D6, COMT, 5-HTT).cited 38× |
| MDMA (single oral weight-adjusted dose) | Increases - displayed more intense | negative effects (dizziness, sedation, depression, and psychotic symptoms) | Human | female subjects | Single oral dose of 1.4 mg/kg (range 75-100 mg). | Clinical pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"): the influence of gender and genetics (CYP2D6, COMT, 5-HTT).cited 38× |
| MDMA (single oral weight-adjusted dose) | Increases - determined greater | negative subjective effects (dizziness, anxiety, sedation) | Human | subjects with COMT val158met (met/*) or 5-HTTLPR (s/s) genotypes of low functionality | Single oral dose of 1.4 mg/kg (range 75-100 mg). | Clinical pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"): the influence of gender and genetics (CYP2D6, COMT, 5-HTT).cited 38× |
| MDMA (single oral weight-adjusted dose) | Increases - displayed more intense | physiological effects (heart rate, and oral temperature) | Human | female subjects | Single oral dose of 1.4 mg/kg (range 75-100 mg). | Clinical pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"): the influence of gender and genetics (CYP2D6, COMT, 5-HTT).cited 38× |
| MDMA (single oral weight-adjusted dose) | No effect - experienced similar | positive effects | Human | healthy, recreational users of ecstasy (all extensive metabolizers for CYP2D6) | Single oral dose of 1.4 mg/kg (range 75-100 mg). | Clinical pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"): the influence of gender and genetics (CYP2D6, COMT, 5-HTT).cited 38× |
| MDMA | No effect - did not persist beyond 24 h | desirable (prohedonic) effects | Animal | rats | Dose-dependent (specific amounts not provided) | A Multimodal Preclinical Assessment of MDMA in Female and Male Rats: Prohedonic, Cognition Disruptive, and Prosocial Effects.cited 3× |
| MDMA | No effect - did not persist beyond 24 h | undesirable (cognition disruptive) effects | Animal | rats | Dose-dependent (specific amounts not provided) | A Multimodal Preclinical Assessment of MDMA in Female and Male Rats: Prohedonic, Cognition Disruptive, and Prosocial Effects.cited 3× |
| MDMA (125 mg) | Increases - produced greater ratings of | good drug effects | Human | 28 healthy subjects | 0.1 mg (single dose) | Distinct acute effects of LSD, MDMA, and D-amphetamine in healthy subjects.cited 146× |
| MDMA | No effect - mediated via | mood-altering effects | Human | — | Not specified | The entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) as a treatment aid in psychotherapy and its safety concerns. |
| MDMA | No effect - no adverse neurocognitive effects | neurocognitive effects | Human | patients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder, refractory to both psychotherapy and psychopharmacology | Not specified in the abstract. | The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study.cited 373× |
| MDMA | Increases - mediated | neuroinflammatory effects | HumanAnimal | — | Not specified | Amphetamine-related drugs neurotoxicity in humans and in experimental animals: Main mechanisms.cited 153× |
| MDMA | Increases - mediated | neurotoxic effects | HumanAnimal | — | Not specified | Amphetamine-related drugs neurotoxicity in humans and in experimental animals: Main mechanisms.cited 153× |
| MDMA | Increases - have been demonstrated | neurotoxic effects | Human | experimental animals | Not specified | Neurotoxicity of MDMA: Main effects and mechanisms.cited 36× |
| MDMA | No effect - produce mixed reinforcing and aversive effects | reinforcing and aversive effects | Human | adolescents | Not specified | Use and abuse of dissociative and psychedelic drugs in adolescence.cited 29× |
| MDMA (100 mg) | No effect - were observed | subjective effects | Human | patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) | Single oral dose of 100 mg MDMA. | Oxytocin in response to MDMA provocation test in patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): a single-centre, case-control study with nested, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.cited 33× |
| MDMA (100 mg) | Increases - was associated with | subjective prosocial, empathic, and anxiolytic effects | Human | healthy controls | Single oral dose of 100 mg MDMA. | Oxytocin in response to MDMA provocation test in patients with arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus): a single-centre, case-control study with nested, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.cited 33× |
| MDMA (ecstasy) | No effect - it is impossible to estimate the individual susceptibility | susceptibility to adverse effects | Human | individuals | Not specified | Post-mortem (re)distribution of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy"): human and animal data.cited 8× |
| MDMA | No effect - did not change | the impairing effects of sleep loss | Human | recreational MDMA users | Single evening doses of 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg MDMA | MDMA (ecstasy) effects on actual driving performance before and after sleep deprivation, as function of dose and concentration in blood and oral fluid.cited 17× |
| MDMA effects | Decreases - resolved by 6 h | duration of effects | Human | participants | 1.5 mg/kg oral racemic MDMA (comparison dose). | Effects of the Psychedelic Amphetamine MDA (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine) in Healthy Volunteers.cited 11× |
| combining MDMA and loud noise exposure | Increases - potentiates the effects | effects produced by each single stimulant alone | Human | experimental animal models | Not specified | MDMA (ecstasy) enhances loud noise-induced morphofunctional alterations in heart and adrenal gland.cited 4× |
| R(-)-MDMA | No effect - maintaining the therapeutic effects of (±)-MDMA | therapeutic effects | Human | — | Not specified | (±)-MDMA and its enantiomers: potential therapeutic advantages of R(-)-MDMA.cited 26× |