3
1
↑3
↓0
—1
Evidence suggests Smoking mayincreaseWorse outcome.
3 studies (4 claims)
Emerging evidence
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| maternal smoking | Increases - potentially leading to | adverse renal outcome | Human | — | Not specified | Fetal programming of renal function.cited 23× |
| smoking fewer than 15 cigarettes a day | Increases - predictive for | successful pregnancy outcome | Human | women undergoing IUI with frozen donor semen | — | Predictive factors influencing pregnancy rates after intrauterine insemination with frozen donor semen: a prospective cohort study. |
| non-smoking | Increases - predictive for | successful pregnancy outcome | Human | women undergoing IUI with frozen donor semen | — | Predictive factors influencing pregnancy rates after intrauterine insemination with frozen donor semen: a prospective cohort study. |
| smoking | No effect - not associated with a reduction in | composite outcome of PAH | Human | women | Not specified in the abstract. | Prenatal vitamin C and E supplementation in smokers is associated with reduced placental abruption and preterm birth: a secondary analysis.cited 18× |