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4
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↓4
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Evidence suggests Smoking maydecreaseObesity.
2 studies (5 claims)
Emerging evidence
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| low physical activity and smoking | Increases - positive interactions observed | abdominal obesity | Human | participants aged 25-64 years | Not specified | The interplay of physical activity and smoking with metabolic syndrome and its components in the STEPS survey. |
| moderate/vigorous physical activity combined with smoking | Decreases - associated with lower odds | abdominal obesity | Human | participants aged 25-64 years | Not specified | The interplay of physical activity and smoking with metabolic syndrome and its components in the STEPS survey. |
| weekly waterpipe smoking | Decreases - inversely associated with | obesity | Human | Palestinian refugee men | Daily (30.6% of participants) and weekly energy drink intake (frequency not specified). | Energy drinks and waterpipe smoking associated with disordered eating habits among male Palestinian refugees.cited 1× |
| weekly cigarette smoking | Decreases - inversely associated with | obesity | Human | Palestinian refugee men | Daily (30.6% of participants) and weekly energy drink intake (frequency not specified). | Energy drinks and waterpipe smoking associated with disordered eating habits among male Palestinian refugees.cited 1× |
| daily waterpipe smoking | Decreases - inversely associated with | obesity | Human | Palestinian refugee men | Daily (30.6% of participants) and weekly energy drink intake (frequency not specified). | Energy drinks and waterpipe smoking associated with disordered eating habits among male Palestinian refugees.cited 1× |