3
6
↑3
↓6
—0
Evidence suggests Smoking maydecreaseImmune function.
10 studies (9 claims)
Emerging evidence
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| maternal smoking | Decreases - decreases | pulmonary function | Human | offspring | 500 mg/day of vitamin C | Vitamin C supplementation for pregnant smoking women and pulmonary function in their newborn infants: a randomized clinical trial.cited 151× |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP), driven by nicotine crossing the placenta | Decreases - causes lifelong decreases | offspring pulmonary function | Human | offspring | Not specified in the abstract. | Vitamin C supplementation improves placental function and alters placental gene expression in smokers.cited 3× |
| Cessation of smoking and avoidance of excessive alcohol | Increases - preserve normal endothelial function | normal endothelial function | Human | — | Not specified. | A multifaceted approach to maximize erectile function and vascular health.cited 30× |
| Functional Assessment for Smoking Treatment Recommendations (FASTR) | Increases - was endorsed | Automatic Negative function | Human | participants (n = 8) | Not specified | Adapting a Functional Assessment of Cigarette Smoking for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. |
| Functional Assessment for Smoking Treatment Recommendations (FASTR) | Increases - was endorsed | Social Negative function | Human | participants (n = 8) | Not specified | Adapting a Functional Assessment of Cigarette Smoking for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. |
| passive smoking during pregnancy | No effect - modify | foetal thyroid function | Human | pregnant women | — | Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid gland--an update.cited 36× |
| passive smoking during pregnancy | No effect - modify | maternal thyroid function | Human | pregnant women | — | Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid gland--an update.cited 36× |
| active smoking during pregnancy | No effect - modify | foetal thyroid function | Human | pregnant women | — | Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid gland--an update.cited 36× |
| active smoking during pregnancy | No effect - modify | maternal thyroid function | Human | pregnant women | — | Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid gland--an update.cited 36× |
| smoking | No effect - induce changes | thyroid function tests | Human | — | — | Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid gland--an update.cited 36× |
| maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) | No effect - negative effects | placental DNA methylation (DNAm), placental structure, and function | Human | placentas | Not mentioned | Development and Validation of a Novel Placental DNA Methylation Biomarker of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy in the ECHO Program.cited 1× |
| Smoking | Decreases - can also impair | renal allograft function | Human | kidney transplant recipients | Not specified | Education and counseling of renal transplant recipients.cited 8× |
| smoking | Decreases - blunts | vascular function | Human | healthy volunteers | 1050 mg/day | Benfotiamine counteracts smoking-induced vascular dysfunction in healthy smokers.cited 8× |