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3
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Evidence suggests Smoking mayincreaseCardiometabolic health.
15 studies (14 claims)
Moderate consensus
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| avoiding smoking | Increases - improve or maintain | bone health | Human | — | Not specified | Therapeutic options in osteoporosis.cited 15× |
| cigarette smoking during pregnancy | Increases - contribute to | low birth weight, preterm birth, life-long health and developmental problems | Human | developing fetus | Not available | The pathophysiology of smoking during pregnancy: a systems biology approach.cited 25× |
| many smoking harm reduction agents | Increases - pose other health risks | health risks | Human | — | Not mentioned | Harm reduction in tobacco control: where do we draw the line?cited 3× |
| smoking cessation intervention | No effect - did not harm | mental health (PHQ-9) | Human | adult daily smokers starting CBT for depression or anxiety | Up to 12 sessions of integrated smoking cessation support. | intEgrating Smoking Cessation treatment As part of usual Psychological care for dEpression and anxiety (ESCAPE): A randomised and controlled, multi-centre, acceptability and feasibility trial with nested qualitative methods.cited 1× |
| smoking cessation intervention | No effect - did not harm | mental health (GAD-7) | Human | adult daily smokers starting CBT for depression or anxiety | Up to 12 sessions of integrated smoking cessation support. | intEgrating Smoking Cessation treatment As part of usual Psychological care for dEpression and anxiety (ESCAPE): A randomised and controlled, multi-centre, acceptability and feasibility trial with nested qualitative methods.cited 1× |
| tobacco smoking | Increases - harmful to health | public health problems | Human | worldwide | Not mentioned | Traditional Indigenous-Amazonian Therapy Involving Ceremonial Tobacco Drinking as Medicine: A Transdisciplinary Multi-Epistemic Observational Study.cited 2× |
| funding strategies for smoking cessation interventions | Increases - have been shown to improve | health and quality of life of the population | Human | the population | Not specified | Effect of Funding Medications for Nicotine Dependence on Tobacco Control: A Narrative Review. |
| Facebook smoking cessation intervention | No effect - examined | Health Risk Assessment risk for 10 behaviors | Human | young adult smokers | Not specified | Multiple Health Risk Behaviors in Young Adult Smokers: Stages of Change and Stability over Time.cited 12× |
| smoking cessation | No effect - are additional lifestyle changes for | bone health | Human | postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Not mentioned | Therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus in women after menopause.cited 21× |
| smoking cessation | No effect - are additional lifestyle changes for | endothelial health | Human | postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Not mentioned | Therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus in women after menopause.cited 21× |
| smoking cessation | Increases - protect | health and longevity | Human | — | Not mentioned | Stratified prevention: opportunities and limitations. Report on the 1st interdisciplinary cardiovascular workshop in Augsburg.cited 8× |
| smoking cessation | Increases - improved | mental health | Human | — | Not specified | Effects of interventions to combat tobacco addiction: Cochrane update of 2021 to 2023 reviews.cited 1× |
| Quitting smoking | Decreases - can reduce | lung cancers and other health problems | Human | — | Not specified | Nursing interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalized patients: a systematic review.cited 19× |
| mindfulness-based smoking cessation interventions | No effect - did not detect a clear benefit | mental health and well-being | Human | people who smoke | Not specified | Mindfulness for smoking cessation.cited 26× |
| maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) | No effect - associated with numerous adverse health outcomes | health outcomes in infants and children | Human | infants and children | Not mentioned | Development and Validation of a Novel Placental DNA Methylation Biomarker of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy in the ECHO Program.cited 1× |
| smoking | Increases - was statistically significantly associated with | other harmful health behaviours | Human | male cohort born in the early 1990s in Finland | Not specified | Association of smoking and snuffing with dental caries occurrence in a young male population in Finland: a cross-sectional study.cited 22× |