247
573
105
↑247
↓573
—105
Evidence suggests Ketogenic Diet maydecreaseCholesterol.
423 studies (925 claims)
Moderate consensus
Typical effective dose 95000 (72500–117500) mgacross 2 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| personalized Mediterranean diet plans delivered via a clinical decision support system | Decreases - lower intakes | cholesterol intake | Human | adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome | Personalized MD plans delivered every 15 days via CDSS (specific dietary amounts not detailed). | Optimizing Dietary Habits in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Personalized Mediterranean Diet Intervention via Clinical Decision Support System-A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 2× |
| diet regimen | Decreases - highly statistically significant decrease | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | postmenopausal obese women | LA treatment for 30 minutes, three times a week. | The effects of laser acupuncture on metabolic syndrome in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. |
| combined laser acupuncture and diet regimen | Decreases - significantly lower | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | postmenopausal obese women | LA treatment for 30 minutes, three times a week. | The effects of laser acupuncture on metabolic syndrome in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. |
| flax oil and safflower oil blend diet | Increases - increased | serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity | Human | individuals with or at risk for metabolic syndrome | 60 g/day (incorporated into smoothies twice daily for a 3000-kcal diet). | Diets Low in Saturated Fat with Different Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles Similarly Increase Serum-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux from THP-1 Macrophages in a Population with or at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: The Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial.cited 14× |
| high oleic acid-canola oil diet | Increases - increased | serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity | Human | individuals with or at risk for metabolic syndrome | 60 g/day (incorporated into smoothies twice daily for a 3000-kcal diet). | Diets Low in Saturated Fat with Different Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles Similarly Increase Serum-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux from THP-1 Macrophages in a Population with or at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: The Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial.cited 14× |
| corn oil and safflower oil blend diet | Increases - increased | serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity | Human | individuals with or at risk for metabolic syndrome | 60 g/day (incorporated into smoothies twice daily for a 3000-kcal diet). | Diets Low in Saturated Fat with Different Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles Similarly Increase Serum-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux from THP-1 Macrophages in a Population with or at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: The Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial.cited 14× |
| canola oil diet | Increases - increased | serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity | Human | individuals with or at risk for metabolic syndrome | 60 g/day (incorporated into smoothies twice daily for a 3000-kcal diet). | Diets Low in Saturated Fat with Different Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles Similarly Increase Serum-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux from THP-1 Macrophages in a Population with or at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: The Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial.cited 14× |
| DHA-enriched high oleic acid-canola oil diet | Increases - increased | serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity | Human | individuals with or at risk for metabolic syndrome | 60 g/day (incorporated into smoothies twice daily for a 3000-kcal diet). | Diets Low in Saturated Fat with Different Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles Similarly Increase Serum-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux from THP-1 Macrophages in a Population with or at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: The Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial.cited 14× |
| high fructose (HF) diet | Increases - significantly elevated | total cholesterol | Animal | obese Wister male rats | RSV at 30 mg/kg/day | Role of trans-resveratrol in ameliorating biochemical and molecular alterations in obese rats induced by a high fructose/fat diet. |
| high-fructose high-fat (HF/HFAT) diet | Increases - significantly elevated | total cholesterol | Animal | obese Wister male rats | RSV at 30 mg/kg/day | Role of trans-resveratrol in ameliorating biochemical and molecular alterations in obese rats induced by a high fructose/fat diet. |
| calorie-restricted, low-fat lactoovovegetarian diet (LOV-D) | Decreases - borderline significant decrease | LDL:HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese adults | Not specified (calorie-restricted, low-fat diets). | Effects of a vegetarian diet and treatment preference on biochemical and dietary variables in overweight and obese adults: a randomized clinical trial.cited 39× |
| 5-day, high-fat diet rich in cottonseed oil (CSO) | Decreases - were lower following | Fasting total cholesterol | Human | fifteen normal-weight men | 50% fat diet rich in either CSO or OO. | A 5-day high-fat diet rich in cottonseed oil improves cholesterol profiles and triglycerides compared to olive oil in healthy men.cited 12× |
| 5-day, high-fat diet rich in cottonseed oil (CSO) | Increases - increased following | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | fifteen normal-weight men | 50% fat diet rich in either CSO or OO. | A 5-day high-fat diet rich in cottonseed oil improves cholesterol profiles and triglycerides compared to olive oil in healthy men.cited 12× |
| 5-day, high-fat diet rich in cottonseed oil (CSO) | Decreases - were lower following | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | fifteen normal-weight men | 50% fat diet rich in either CSO or OO. | A 5-day high-fat diet rich in cottonseed oil improves cholesterol profiles and triglycerides compared to olive oil in healthy men.cited 12× |
| phytosterol capsule supplementation associated with the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 2 diet | No effect - did not reduce | LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | children and adolescents with dyslipidemia | Not specified | Effect of phytosterol capsule supplementation associated with the National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diet on low-density lipoprotein in children and adolescents with dyslipidemia: A double-blind crossover trial.cited 4× |
| egg-enriched diet | Decreases - mediated by reducing | de novo cholesterol synthesis | Animal | — | — | An egg-enriched diet attenuates plasma lipids and mediates cholesterol metabolism of high-cholesterol fed rats. |
| egg-enriched diet | Increases - mediated by enhancing | excretion of fecal cholesterol | Animal | — | — | An egg-enriched diet attenuates plasma lipids and mediates cholesterol metabolism of high-cholesterol fed rats. |
| egg-enriched diet | Decreases - had lower | hepatic cholesterol concentrations | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | — | An egg-enriched diet attenuates plasma lipids and mediates cholesterol metabolism of high-cholesterol fed rats. |
| egg-enriched diet | Decreases - had lower | low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | — | An egg-enriched diet attenuates plasma lipids and mediates cholesterol metabolism of high-cholesterol fed rats. |
| egg-enriched diet | Increases - had greater | plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | — | An egg-enriched diet attenuates plasma lipids and mediates cholesterol metabolism of high-cholesterol fed rats. |
| egg-enriched diet | Decreases - had lower | total cholesterol | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | — | An egg-enriched diet attenuates plasma lipids and mediates cholesterol metabolism of high-cholesterol fed rats. |
| supplementing the daily diet with plant sterol ester-enriched milk derivatives | Decreases - reduce | LDL-cholesterol levels | Human | — | 2 g of plant sterol esters per day, administered via liquid yoghurt. | Effect of plant sterols on the lipid profile of patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Randomised, experimental study.cited 9× |
| diet supplemented with a predominantly saturated vegetable oil | Increases - significant effect | cholesterol and triglycerides | Animal | exercising Thoroughbred horses | Approximately 12% of digestible energy (DE) from the oil source for 10 months, then increased to 20% DE for an additional 6 months. | Effect of feeding thoroughbred horses a high unsaturated or saturated vegetable oil supplemented diet for 6 months following a 10 month fat acclimation.cited 7× |
| diet supplemented with a predominantly unsaturated vegetable oil | Increases - significant effect | cholesterol and triglycerides | Animal | exercising Thoroughbred horses | Approximately 12% of digestible energy (DE) from the oil source for 10 months, then increased to 20% DE for an additional 6 months. | Effect of feeding thoroughbred horses a high unsaturated or saturated vegetable oil supplemented diet for 6 months following a 10 month fat acclimation.cited 7× |
| diet supplemented with a predominantly unsaturated vegetable oil | Increases - slightly, but significantly higher concentrations | linoleic acid in the cholesterol ester and phospholipid classes | Animal | exercising Thoroughbred horses | Approximately 12% of digestible energy (DE) from the oil source for 10 months, then increased to 20% DE for an additional 6 months. | Effect of feeding thoroughbred horses a high unsaturated or saturated vegetable oil supplemented diet for 6 months following a 10 month fat acclimation.cited 7× |
| fat-restricted low-glycemic index diet | Decreases - might be helpful for lowering | blood cholesterol | Human | overweight/obese individuals in Southwest China | Daily energy intake reduced by 300-500 kcal, with low-glycemic index carbohydrate-energy ratio <45% and fat-energy ratio 25-30%. | Fat-restricted low-glycemic index diet controls weight and improves blood lipid profile: A pilot study among overweight and obese adults in Southwest China.cited 1× |
| fat-restricted low-glycemic index diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | cholesterol | Human | overweight/obese Southwest Chinese individuals | Daily energy intake reduced by 300-500 kcal, with low-glycemic index carbohydrate-energy ratio <45% and fat-energy ratio 25-30%. | Fat-restricted low-glycemic index diet controls weight and improves blood lipid profile: A pilot study among overweight and obese adults in Southwest China.cited 1× |
| vegetarian diet | Decreases - provided significantly less cholesterol | cholesterol | Human | — | Not specified | Vegetarian diet, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.cited 29× |
| vegetarian diet | Decreases - serum cholesterol fell significantly | serum cholesterol | Human | — | Not specified | Vegetarian diet, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.cited 29× |
| vegetarian diet | Decreases - had significantly lower serum cholesterol levels | serum cholesterol levels | Human | random sample of forty-seven Adventist vegetarians | Not specified | Vegetarian diet, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.cited 29× |
| vegetarian diet | No effect - promote the maintenance of normal | cholesterol and blood sugar | Human | — | Not available | Nutrition of vegetarians in Poland – a review of research.cited 4× |
| vegetarian diet (VD) | Decreases - were significantly lower | oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | subjects with ischemic heart disease | Individually designed isocaloric diet plans (specific amounts not detailed). | Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolome in Subjects With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Study. |
| vegetarian diet (VD) | Decreases - were significantly lower | oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | subjects with ischemic heart disease | Individually designed isocaloric diet plans (specific amounts not detailed). | Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolome in Subjects With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Study. |
| vegetarian diet (VD) | Decreases - were significantly lower | total cholesterol | Human | subjects with ischemic heart disease | Individually designed isocaloric diet plans (specific amounts not detailed). | Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolome in Subjects With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Study. |
| vegetarian diet (VD) | Decreases - were significantly lower | total cholesterol | Human | subjects with ischemic heart disease | Individually designed isocaloric diet plans (specific amounts not detailed). | Effects of a Vegetarian Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Plasma Metabolome in Subjects With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized, Crossover Study. |
| diet therapy and coconut oil intake | Decreases - decreased significantly | low density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol level | Human | overweight individuals | 20 mL of coconut oil per day. | The effect of coconut oil on anthropometric measurements and irisin levels in overweight individuals. |
| diet therapy and coconut oil intake | Decreases - decreased significantly | total cholesterol level | Human | overweight individuals | 20 mL of coconut oil per day. | The effect of coconut oil on anthropometric measurements and irisin levels in overweight individuals. |
| hypercaloric diet rich in lipids and simple carbohydrates | Increases - had a higher | liver cholesterol | Animal | Male Wistar rats | 250 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally. | Effects of carnosine supplementation on markers for the pathophysiological development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a diet-induced model.cited 2× |
| hypercaloric diet rich in lipids and simple carbohydrates | Increases - had a higher | plasma cholesterol | Animal | Male Wistar rats | 250 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally. | Effects of carnosine supplementation on markers for the pathophysiological development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a diet-induced model.cited 2× |
| methoprolol (50 mg/daily) and standard mixed antiatherogenic diet | Decreases - decreased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | control group | Not specified (dietary intervention only) | [Influence of combined lacto-vegetarian diet and selective beta-blocking agents on clinical and metabolic indices in patients with coronary heart disease]. |
| methoprolol (50 mg/daily) and antiatherogenic lacto vegetarian diet | Increases - increased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | vegetarian group | Not specified (dietary intervention only) | [Influence of combined lacto-vegetarian diet and selective beta-blocking agents on clinical and metabolic indices in patients with coronary heart disease]. |
| methoprolol (50 mg/daily) and antiatherogenic lacto vegetarian diet | Decreases - decreased | low-density lipoproteins cholesterol | Human | vegetarian group | Not specified (dietary intervention only) | [Influence of combined lacto-vegetarian diet and selective beta-blocking agents on clinical and metabolic indices in patients with coronary heart disease]. |
| methoprolol (50 mg/daily) and antiatherogenic lacto vegetarian diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol on the serum of blood | Human | vegetarian group | Not specified (dietary intervention only) | [Influence of combined lacto-vegetarian diet and selective beta-blocking agents on clinical and metabolic indices in patients with coronary heart disease]. |
| American Heart Association (AHA) Step I diet | Decreases - had lesser reductions in | plasma total cholesterol (TC) | Animal | cynomolgus monkeys | 3.4% soy lecithin in diet. | Soy lecithin reduces plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and early atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic monkeys and hamsters: beyond linoleate.cited 56× |
| modified AHA (mAHA) Step I diet containing 3.4% soy lecithin | Decreases - had significantly lower | plasma total cholesterol (TC) | Animal | cynomolgus monkeys | 3.4% soy lecithin in diet. | Soy lecithin reduces plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and early atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic monkeys and hamsters: beyond linoleate.cited 56× |
| modified AHA (mAHA) Step I diet containing 3.4% soy lecithin | Decreases - had significantly lower | plasma total cholesterol (TC) | Animal | cynomolgus monkeys | 3.4% soy lecithin in diet. | Soy lecithin reduces plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and early atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic monkeys and hamsters: beyond linoleate.cited 56× |
| modified AHA (mAHA) Step I diet containing 3.4% soy lecithin | Decreases - significantly reduced | pre-treatment plasma total cholesterol (TC) | Animal | cynomolgus monkeys | 3.4% soy lecithin in diet. | Soy lecithin reduces plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and early atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic monkeys and hamsters: beyond linoleate.cited 56× |
| modified diet group (MD) | Decreases - were within the reference range | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | overweight and obese retired miners with lipid disorders | 1 hour of Nordic walking 3 times per week at 60-70% of maximal heart rate. | Effect of 12-Week Interventions Involving Nordic Walking Exercise and a Modified Diet on the Anthropometric Parameters and Blood Lipid Profiles in Overweight and Obese Ex-Coal Miners.cited 9× |
| HC diet | Decreases - decreased | concentrations of total cholesterol | Human | Subjects (n 9) | Four isoenergetic diets varying in calcium (700 mg/d or 2800 mg/d) and fat (25% or 49% of energy). | Dairy calcium intake modifies responsiveness of fat metabolism and blood lipids to a high-fat diet.cited 81× |
| HC diet | No effect - no effect | HDL-cholesterol | Human | Subjects (n 9) | Four isoenergetic diets varying in calcium (700 mg/d or 2800 mg/d) and fat (25% or 49% of energy). | Dairy calcium intake modifies responsiveness of fat metabolism and blood lipids to a high-fat diet.cited 81× |
| HC diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL-cholesterol | Human | Subjects (n 9) | Four isoenergetic diets varying in calcium (700 mg/d or 2800 mg/d) and fat (25% or 49% of energy). | Dairy calcium intake modifies responsiveness of fat metabolism and blood lipids to a high-fat diet.cited 81× |
| HC diet | Decreases - decreased | total:HDL-cholesterol | Human | Subjects (n 9) | Four isoenergetic diets varying in calcium (700 mg/d or 2800 mg/d) and fat (25% or 49% of energy). | Dairy calcium intake modifies responsiveness of fat metabolism and blood lipids to a high-fat diet.cited 81× |
| HF diet | Increases - increased | concentrations of total cholesterol | Human | Subjects (n 9) | Four isoenergetic diets varying in calcium (700 mg/d or 2800 mg/d) and fat (25% or 49% of energy). | Dairy calcium intake modifies responsiveness of fat metabolism and blood lipids to a high-fat diet.cited 81× |
| HF diet | Increases - increased | HDL-cholesterol | Human | Subjects (n 9) | Four isoenergetic diets varying in calcium (700 mg/d or 2800 mg/d) and fat (25% or 49% of energy). | Dairy calcium intake modifies responsiveness of fat metabolism and blood lipids to a high-fat diet.cited 81× |
| HF diet | Increases - increased | LDL-cholesterol | Human | Subjects (n 9) | Four isoenergetic diets varying in calcium (700 mg/d or 2800 mg/d) and fat (25% or 49% of energy). | Dairy calcium intake modifies responsiveness of fat metabolism and blood lipids to a high-fat diet.cited 81× |
| DAG rich diet | Increases - significant increase | HDL- cholesterol | Animal | — | — | Dietary effects of diacylglycerol rich mustard oil on lipid profile of normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic rats. |
| DAG rich diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol content | Animal | — | — | Dietary effects of diacylglycerol rich mustard oil on lipid profile of normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic rats. |
| weight loss diet rich in both whole grains and fruits and vegetables | No effect - change in | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women | Not specified | Impact of Diets Rich in Whole Grains and Fruits and Vegetables on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Clinical Feeding Trial.cited 26× |
| weight loss diet rich in whole grains | Increases - greater increase in | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women | Not specified | Impact of Diets Rich in Whole Grains and Fruits and Vegetables on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Clinical Feeding Trial.cited 26× |
| weight loss diet rich in whole grains | Decreases - significant decreases in | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women | Not specified | Impact of Diets Rich in Whole Grains and Fruits and Vegetables on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Clinical Feeding Trial.cited 26× |
| weight loss diet rich in whole grains | No effect - change in | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women | Not specified | Impact of Diets Rich in Whole Grains and Fruits and Vegetables on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Clinical Feeding Trial.cited 26× |
| weight loss diet rich in fruits and vegetables | Decreases - significant decreases in | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women | Not specified | Impact of Diets Rich in Whole Grains and Fruits and Vegetables on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Clinical Feeding Trial.cited 26× |
| weight loss diet rich in fruits and vegetables | No effect - change in | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women | Not specified | Impact of Diets Rich in Whole Grains and Fruits and Vegetables on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Clinical Feeding Trial.cited 26× |
| almond-enriched low-calorie diet (almond-LCD) | Decreases - decreased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | overweight and obese adults | 84 g/day of almonds. | Almonds vs complex carbohydrates in a weight reduction program.cited 156× |
| complex carbohydrate-enriched low-calorie diet (CHO-LCD) | Increases - increased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | overweight and obese adults | 84 g/day of almonds. | Almonds vs complex carbohydrates in a weight reduction program.cited 156× |
| 12-week hypocaloric ketogenic diet (KD) | Increases - significant improvements were observed | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | overweight, obese, and healthy-weight females | Less than 30 g of carbohydrates, approximately 60 g of protein, and 140 g of fat per day (80% unsaturated and 20% saturated fat). | Effects of a 12 Week Ketogenic Diet Intervention on Obese and Overweight Females with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disturbance.cited 2× |
| SFA diet enriched with butter | Increases - increased | LDL cholesterol | Human | total study population | Diets differed by ~9 energy percent (E%) in SFA and ~4 E% in PUFA between groups. | BMI modifies the effect of dietary fat on atherogenic lipids: a randomized clinical trial.cited 18× |
| SFA diet enriched with butter | Increases - increased | LDL cholesterol | Human | normal-weight participants | Diets differed by ~9 energy percent (E%) in SFA and ~4 E% in PUFA between groups. | BMI modifies the effect of dietary fat on atherogenic lipids: a randomized clinical trial.cited 18× |
| SFA diet enriched with butter | Increases - increased | LDL cholesterol | Human | obese participants | Diets differed by ~9 energy percent (E%) in SFA and ~4 E% in PUFA between groups. | BMI modifies the effect of dietary fat on atherogenic lipids: a randomized clinical trial.cited 18× |
| PUFA diet enriched with oil-based margarine | Decreases - lowered | LDL cholesterol | Human | total study population | Diets differed by ~9 energy percent (E%) in SFA and ~4 E% in PUFA between groups. | BMI modifies the effect of dietary fat on atherogenic lipids: a randomized clinical trial.cited 18× |
| PUFA diet enriched with oil-based margarine | Decreases - lowered | LDL cholesterol | Human | normal-weight participants | Diets differed by ~9 energy percent (E%) in SFA and ~4 E% in PUFA between groups. | BMI modifies the effect of dietary fat on atherogenic lipids: a randomized clinical trial.cited 18× |
| PUFA diet enriched with oil-based margarine | Decreases - lowered | LDL cholesterol | Human | obese participants | Diets differed by ~9 energy percent (E%) in SFA and ~4 E% in PUFA between groups. | BMI modifies the effect of dietary fat on atherogenic lipids: a randomized clinical trial.cited 18× |
| diet supplementation with PSO and BM | Increases - significantly increased | cholesterol | Animal | rat livers | Not specified | Pomegranate seed oil and bitter melon extract supplemented in diet influence the lipid profile and intensity of peroxidation in livers of SPRD rats exposed to a chemical carcinogen.cited 9× |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | No effect - had similar fecal excretions | cholesterol | Animal | twelve male obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | No effect - had similar fecal excretions | cholesterol | Animal | twelve male obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - were also lower | hepatic concentrations of cholesterol | Animal | twelve male obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - were also lower | hepatic concentrations of cholesterol | Animal | twelve male obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - had lower | high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations | Animal | twelve male obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - had lower | high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations | Animal | twelve male obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - led to lower concentrations | liver cholesterol | Animal | obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - led to lower concentrations | liver cholesterol | Animal | obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - had lower | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations | Animal | twelve male obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - had lower | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations | Animal | twelve male obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - led to lower concentrations | serum cholesterol | Animal | obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - led to lower concentrations | serum cholesterol | Animal | obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - had lower | serum total cholesterol concentrations | Animal | twelve male obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| water-soluble fish protein from blue whiting (BWW) diet | Decreases - had lower | serum total cholesterol concentrations | Animal | twelve male obese Zucker fa/fa rats | Water-soluble protein from blue whiting as 1/3 of total protein, with the remaining 2/3 as casein. | Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. |
| butter diet | Increases - increased significantly compared with the carbohydrate diet | LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | 92 men and women with abdominal obesity and relatively low HDL-cholesterol concentrations | SFAs from butter constituted 12.4-12.6% of total calories in the diet. | Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.cited 80× |
| butter diet | Increases - increased significantly compared with the MUFA diet | LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | 92 men and women with abdominal obesity and relatively low HDL-cholesterol concentrations | SFAs from butter constituted 12.4-12.6% of total calories in the diet. | Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.cited 80× |
| butter diet | Increases - increased significantly compared with the PUFA diet | LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | 92 men and women with abdominal obesity and relatively low HDL-cholesterol concentrations | SFAs from butter constituted 12.4-12.6% of total calories in the diet. | Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.cited 80× |
| butter diet | Increases - increase in LDL cholesterol being significantly greater than with cheese | LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | individuals with high baseline LDL-cholesterol concentrations | SFAs from butter constituted 12.4-12.6% of total calories in the diet. | Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.cited 80× |
| cheese diet | Decreases - were lower than after the butter diet | LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | 92 men and women with abdominal obesity and relatively low HDL-cholesterol concentrations | SFAs from butter constituted 12.4-12.6% of total calories in the diet. | Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.cited 80× |
| cheese diet | Increases - were higher than after the carbohydrate diet | LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | 92 men and women with abdominal obesity and relatively low HDL-cholesterol concentrations | SFAs from butter constituted 12.4-12.6% of total calories in the diet. | Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.cited 80× |
| cheese diet | Increases - were higher than after the MUFA diet | LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | 92 men and women with abdominal obesity and relatively low HDL-cholesterol concentrations | SFAs from butter constituted 12.4-12.6% of total calories in the diet. | Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.cited 80× |
| cheese diet | Increases - were higher than after the PUFA diet | LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | 92 men and women with abdominal obesity and relatively low HDL-cholesterol concentrations | SFAs from butter constituted 12.4-12.6% of total calories in the diet. | Comparison of the impact of SFAs from cheese and butter on cardiometabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial.cited 80× |
| fat-modified diet enriched with RO | No effect - seems to have very similar effects | cholesterol levels | Human | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 14-27 g/day of either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil. | Effect of a low-fat diet enriched either with rapeseed oil or sunflower oil on plasma lipoproteins in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Results of a pilot study.cited 22× |
| low-fat diet regime enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids by sunflower oil (SO) | Decreases - reduction | LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio | Human | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 14-27 g/day of either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil. | Effect of a low-fat diet enriched either with rapeseed oil or sunflower oil on plasma lipoproteins in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Results of a pilot study.cited 22× |
| low-fat diet regime enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids by sunflower oil (SO) | Decreases - resulted in significant reduction | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations | Human | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 14-27 g/day of either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil. | Effect of a low-fat diet enriched either with rapeseed oil or sunflower oil on plasma lipoproteins in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Results of a pilot study.cited 22× |
| low-fat diet regime enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids by sunflower oil (SO) | Decreases - resulted in significant reduction | total cholesterol concentrations | Human | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 14-27 g/day of either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil. | Effect of a low-fat diet enriched either with rapeseed oil or sunflower oil on plasma lipoproteins in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Results of a pilot study.cited 22× |
| low-fat diet regime enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids by rapeseed oil (RO) | Decreases - reduction | LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio | Human | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 14-27 g/day of either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil. | Effect of a low-fat diet enriched either with rapeseed oil or sunflower oil on plasma lipoproteins in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Results of a pilot study.cited 22× |
| low-fat diet regime enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids by rapeseed oil (RO) | Decreases - resulted in significant reduction | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations | Human | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 14-27 g/day of either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil. | Effect of a low-fat diet enriched either with rapeseed oil or sunflower oil on plasma lipoproteins in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Results of a pilot study.cited 22× |
| low-fat diet regime enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids by rapeseed oil (RO) | Decreases - resulted in significant reduction | total cholesterol concentrations | Human | children affected with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) | 14-27 g/day of either rapeseed oil or sunflower oil. | Effect of a low-fat diet enriched either with rapeseed oil or sunflower oil on plasma lipoproteins in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Results of a pilot study.cited 22× |
| BD + Cal diet | Decreases - had lower | total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in breast | Animal | Birds | 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium (1.2 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 1; 0.33-0.66% DHA-rich oil (1.5-3.0 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 2 | Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance, tissue lipid profiles, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens.cited 2× |
| BD + Cal diet | Decreases - had lower | total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in liver | Animal | Birds | 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium (1.2 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 1; 0.33-0.66% DHA-rich oil (1.5-3.0 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 2 | Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance, tissue lipid profiles, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens.cited 2× |
| BD + Cal diet | Decreases - had lower | total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in plasma | Animal | Birds | 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium (1.2 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 1; 0.33-0.66% DHA-rich oil (1.5-3.0 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 2 | Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance, tissue lipid profiles, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens.cited 2× |
| BD + Cal diet | Decreases - had lower | total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in thigh | Animal | Birds | 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium (1.2 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 1; 0.33-0.66% DHA-rich oil (1.5-3.0 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 2 | Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance, tissue lipid profiles, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens.cited 2× |
| BD + DHA + EPA diet | Decreases - had lower | total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in breast | Animal | Birds | 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium (1.2 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 1; 0.33-0.66% DHA-rich oil (1.5-3.0 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 2 | Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance, tissue lipid profiles, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens.cited 2× |
| BD + DHA + EPA diet | Decreases - had lower | total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in liver | Animal | Birds | 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium (1.2 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 1; 0.33-0.66% DHA-rich oil (1.5-3.0 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 2 | Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance, tissue lipid profiles, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens.cited 2× |
| BD + DHA + EPA diet | Decreases - had lower | total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in plasma | Animal | Birds | 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium (1.2 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 1; 0.33-0.66% DHA-rich oil (1.5-3.0 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 2 | Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance, tissue lipid profiles, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens.cited 2× |
| BD + DHA + EPA diet | Decreases - had lower | total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in thigh | Animal | Birds | 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium (1.2 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 1; 0.33-0.66% DHA-rich oil (1.5-3.0 g DHA/kg diet) in Exp. 2 | Supranutrition of microalgal docosahexaenoic acid and calcidiol improved growth performance, tissue lipid profiles, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens.cited 2× |
| dietary intervention with a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - was lower | intake of all types of fat (saturated fat, linoleic acid, and oleic acid) and dietary cholesterol | Human | women with extensive mammographic densities | Not specified | Long-term effects of participation in a randomized trial of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.cited 25× |
| dietary intervention with a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - were lower | Total cholesterol and apoprotein B levels | Human | women with extensive mammographic densities | Not specified | Long-term effects of participation in a randomized trial of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.cited 25× |
| Avocado-based Mediterranean diet | Decreases - will further reduce | levels of LDL-cholesterol | Human | — | 1/2 portion of Avocado per day. | Effects of an Avocado-based Mediterranean Diet on Serum Lipids for Secondary Prevention after Ischemic Stroke Trial (ADD-SPISE): Study protocol.cited 2× |
| hypocaloric Mediterranean diet pattern for 9 months with a high amount of monounsaturated fatty acids | Decreases - significant improvement | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels | Human | patients with the AA genotype | Not specified | Interaction of the variant in the adiponectin gene rs3774261 with serum lipid profile and adiponectin levels after 9 months with a high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern.cited 2× |
| hypocaloric Mediterranean diet pattern for 9 months with a high amount of monounsaturated fatty acids | Decreases - significant improvement | total cholesterol | Human | patients with the AA genotype | Not specified | Interaction of the variant in the adiponectin gene rs3774261 with serum lipid profile and adiponectin levels after 9 months with a high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern.cited 2× |
| hypocaloric fat monounsaturated diet | No effect - showed no improvement | LDL-cholesterol | Human | G allele carriers of ADIPOQ gene variant (rs3774261) | Not specified | Interaction of the variant in the adiponectin gene rs3774261 with serum lipid profile and adiponectin levels after 9 months with a high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern.cited 2× |
| hypocaloric fat monounsaturated diet | No effect - showed no improvement | total-cholesterol | Human | G allele carriers of ADIPOQ gene variant (rs3774261) | Not specified | Interaction of the variant in the adiponectin gene rs3774261 with serum lipid profile and adiponectin levels after 9 months with a high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern.cited 2× |
| low-carbohydrate/high-fat weight-loss diet | Increases - greater effects on raising | HDL cholesterol | Human | individuals with the CETP rs3764261 CC genotype | Not specified | CETP genotype and changes in lipid levels in response to weight-loss diet intervention in the POUNDS LOST and DIRECT randomized trials.cited 31× |
| high-fat diet | Increases - larger increases | HDL cholesterol | Human | participants with the CETP rs3764261 CC genotype | Not specified | CETP genotype and changes in lipid levels in response to weight-loss diet intervention in the POUNDS LOST and DIRECT randomized trials.cited 31× |
| low-fat diet | No effect - no significant difference | HDL cholesterol | Human | participants carrying other genotypes | Not specified | CETP genotype and changes in lipid levels in response to weight-loss diet intervention in the POUNDS LOST and DIRECT randomized trials.cited 31× |
| low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score | Decreases - non-significant reduction in | total cholesterol (TC) values | Human | obese individuals | Not specified (dietary intake assessed via FFQ, LCD score based on deciles of intake). | Low-carbohydrate diet score is associated with improved blood pressure and cardio-metabolic risk factors among obese adults.cited 6× |
| plant-focused pea protein-supplemented diet (PP-D) | Decreases - significantly lower | serum non-HDL cholesterol | Human | middle-to-older aged adults | 1.0g·kg BM-1·day-1 of protein from either animal (whey) or plant (pea) sources. | Resistance training increases myofibrillar protein synthesis in middle-to-older aged adults consuming a typical diet with no influence of protein source: a randomized controlled trial. |
| low-calorie DASH diet | Decreases - resulted in a significant decrease | VLDL-cholesterol levels | Human | overweight or obese patients with PCOS | Not specified (diet included 52%-55% carbohydrates, 16%-18% proteins, and 30% total fats, with low-fat dairy as part of the DASH diet). | The effects of dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet on weight loss, anti-Müllerian hormone and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.cited 44× |
| phytochemical-enhanced diet (PED) consisting of a low-glycemic-load diet plus a medical food containing soy protein and plant sterols and a nutraceutical containing hops rho iso-alpha acids and acacia proanthocyanidins | Decreases - exhibited greater improvement than the MED arm | non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) | Human | adults with metabolic syndrome and LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL | Not specified (medical food containing soy protein and plant sterols, plus a nutraceutical). | Subjects with elevated LDL cholesterol and metabolic syndrome benefit from supplementation with soy protein, phytosterols, hops rho iso-alpha acids, and Acacia nilotica proanthocyanidins.cited 23× |
| phytochemical-enhanced diet (PED) consisting of a low-glycemic-load diet plus a medical food containing soy protein and plant sterols and a nutraceutical containing hops rho iso-alpha acids and acacia proanthocyanidins | Decreases - exhibited greater improvement than the MED arm | total cholesterol | Human | adults with metabolic syndrome and LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL | Not specified (medical food containing soy protein and plant sterols, plus a nutraceutical). | Subjects with elevated LDL cholesterol and metabolic syndrome benefit from supplementation with soy protein, phytosterols, hops rho iso-alpha acids, and Acacia nilotica proanthocyanidins.cited 23× |
| LP diet (8% protein) throughout pregnancy and lactation | Increases - increased cholesterol clefts | cholesterol clefts | Human | 6-month-old LP offspring | — | Poor maternal nutrition programmes a pro-atherosclerotic phenotype in ApoE-/- mice. |
| LP diet (8% protein) throughout pregnancy and lactation | Increases - had higher LDL-cholesterol levels | LDL-cholesterol levels | Human | LP offspring | — | Poor maternal nutrition programmes a pro-atherosclerotic phenotype in ApoE-/- mice. |
| Mediterranean Portfolio Diet (Diet2) | Decreases - had a significantly lower | LDL-cholesterol | Human | Diet2 participants (n = 29) | Saturated fat intake reduced to <10% of energy intake (Diet1); Mediterranean Portfolio Diet with cholesterol-lowering foods (Diet2). | Randomized parallel-group pilot trial (Best foods for your heart) comparing the effects of a Mediterranean Portfolio diet with a low saturated fat diet on HIV dyslipidemia.cited 9× |
| Mediterranean Portfolio Diet (Diet2) | No effect - effects were not sustained | LDL-cholesterol | Human | — | Saturated fat intake reduced to <10% of energy intake (Diet1); Mediterranean Portfolio Diet with cholesterol-lowering foods (Diet2). | Randomized parallel-group pilot trial (Best foods for your heart) comparing the effects of a Mediterranean Portfolio diet with a low saturated fat diet on HIV dyslipidemia.cited 9× |
| Mediterranean Portfolio diet | Decreases - might equate to short term improvements | LDL-cholesterol | Human | people living with HIV | Saturated fat intake reduced to <10% of energy intake (Diet1); Mediterranean Portfolio Diet with cholesterol-lowering foods (Diet2). | Randomized parallel-group pilot trial (Best foods for your heart) comparing the effects of a Mediterranean Portfolio diet with a low saturated fat diet on HIV dyslipidemia.cited 9× |
| athenolol (50 mg daily) + antiatherogenic lactoovovegetarian diet | Decreases - decreased | level of total cholesterol | Human | patients with coronary heart diseases | Not specified for the diet; medications: athenolol (50 mg daily) and hypotiazide (25 mg daily). | [The treatment of coronary heart disease by beta-adrenoblockers or tiazide diuretics preparation in combination with vegetarian diet]. |
| athenolol (50 mg daily) + antiatherogenic lactoovovegetarian diet | Decreases - decreased | low-density lipoproteins cholesterol | Human | patients with coronary heart diseases | Not specified for the diet; medications: athenolol (50 mg daily) and hypotiazide (25 mg daily). | [The treatment of coronary heart disease by beta-adrenoblockers or tiazide diuretics preparation in combination with vegetarian diet]. |
| hypotiazide (25 mg daily) + antiatherogenic lactoovovegetarian diet | Increases - slight increase | HDL cholesterol | Human | patients with coronary heart diseases | Not specified for the diet; medications: athenolol (50 mg daily) and hypotiazide (25 mg daily). | [The treatment of coronary heart disease by beta-adrenoblockers or tiazide diuretics preparation in combination with vegetarian diet]. |
| hypotiazide (25 mg daily) + antiatherogenic lactoovovegetarian diet | Decreases - slight decrease | total cholesterol | Human | patients with coronary heart diseases | Not specified for the diet; medications: athenolol (50 mg daily) and hypotiazide (25 mg daily). | [The treatment of coronary heart disease by beta-adrenoblockers or tiazide diuretics preparation in combination with vegetarian diet]. |
| athenolol (50 mg daily) + standard antiatherogenic diet 10c | No effect - practically did'nt change | level of total cholesterol | Human | patients with coronary heart diseases | Not specified for the diet; medications: athenolol (50 mg daily) and hypotiazide (25 mg daily). | [The treatment of coronary heart disease by beta-adrenoblockers or tiazide diuretics preparation in combination with vegetarian diet]. |
| athenolol (50 mg daily) + standard antiatherogenic diet 10c | No effect - practically did'nt change | low-density lipoproteins cholesterol | Human | patients with coronary heart diseases | Not specified for the diet; medications: athenolol (50 mg daily) and hypotiazide (25 mg daily). | [The treatment of coronary heart disease by beta-adrenoblockers or tiazide diuretics preparation in combination with vegetarian diet]. |
| SB-based diet | Decreases - decreased | betaine-induced elevation of plasma cholesterol | Animal | rats | — | Soybean amplifies the hypohomocysteinemic effect of betaine and improves its hypercholesterolemic effect. |
| SPI-based diet | No effect - was not decreased | betaine-induced elevation of plasma cholesterol | Animal | rats | — | Soybean amplifies the hypohomocysteinemic effect of betaine and improves its hypercholesterolemic effect. |
| DASH-type diet | Decreases - reduced | total cholesterol | Human | 166 African Americans | Two diets—37% total fat (16% SFA) vs. 25% total fat (6% SFA). | Reducing saturated fat intake lowers LDL-C but increases Lp(a) levels in African Americans: the GET-READI feeding trial.cited 7× |
| representative typical American diet (TAD) | Decreases - decreased | HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women selected according to indexes of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia | Not specified (all foods and beverages were provided). | A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes.cited 25× |
| representative typical American diet (TAD) | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women selected according to indexes of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia | Not specified (all foods and beverages were provided). | A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes.cited 25× |
| DGA-based diet | Decreases - decreased | HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women selected according to indexes of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia | Not specified (all foods and beverages were provided). | A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes.cited 25× |
| DGA-based diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women selected according to indexes of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia | Not specified (all foods and beverages were provided). | A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes.cited 25× |
| low-carbohydrates diet (LC) | Decreases - exerted significant effects on decreasing | total cholesterol level | Human | overweight male patients with drug addiction | Not specified | Effects of an 8-week Baduanjin intervention combined with low-carbohydrates diet among overweight people who struggle with drug addiction.cited 8× |
| hypocaloric high-protein diet | Increases - increased | HDL-cholesterol | Human | NAFLD patients | Not specified | Hypocaloric high-protein diet improves clinical and biochemical markers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).cited 29× |
| hypocaloric high-protein diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL cholesterol | Human | NAFLD patients | Not specified | Hypocaloric high-protein diet improves clinical and biochemical markers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).cited 29× |
| hypocaloric high-protein diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | NAFLD patients | Not specified | Hypocaloric high-protein diet improves clinical and biochemical markers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).cited 29× |
| hypocaloric high-protein diet | Decreases - decreased | VLDL cholesterol | Human | NAFLD patients | Not specified | Hypocaloric high-protein diet improves clinical and biochemical markers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).cited 29× |
| antiatherogenic vegetarian diet | Increases - increased | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | patients with CHD in VG | Not specified (dietary intervention only). | [Leveling the hyperlipidemic effect of beta-adrenoblockers by means of antiatherogenic vegetarian diet]. |
| antiatherogenic vegetarian diet | Decreases - significantly decreased | level of total cholesterol | Human | patients with CHD in VG | Not specified (dietary intervention only). | [Leveling the hyperlipidemic effect of beta-adrenoblockers by means of antiatherogenic vegetarian diet]. |
| antiatherogenic vegetarian diet | Decreases - significantly decreased | very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | patients with CHD in VG | Not specified (dietary intervention only). | [Leveling the hyperlipidemic effect of beta-adrenoblockers by means of antiatherogenic vegetarian diet]. |
| routine mixed diet No. 10c | Decreases - decreased | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | patients with CHD in CG | Not specified (dietary intervention only). | [Leveling the hyperlipidemic effect of beta-adrenoblockers by means of antiatherogenic vegetarian diet]. |
| routine mixed diet No. 10c | Increases - increased | level of total cholesterol | Human | patients with CHD in CG | Not specified (dietary intervention only). | [Leveling the hyperlipidemic effect of beta-adrenoblockers by means of antiatherogenic vegetarian diet]. |
| routine mixed diet No. 10c | Increases - increased | very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | patients with CHD in CG | Not specified (dietary intervention only). | [Leveling the hyperlipidemic effect of beta-adrenoblockers by means of antiatherogenic vegetarian diet]. |
| low protein diet (LPD) | Decreases - significantly decreased | cholesterol | Human | advanced CKD adult patients | Not specified | Compliance, Adherence and Concordance Differently Predict the Improvement of Uremic and Microbial Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease on Low Protein Diet.cited 9× |
| low protein diet (LPD) | Decreases - reduced significantly | cholesterol intake | Human | non-dialysis CKD patients | 0.6g/kg/day of protein. | Effects of Low-Protein Diet on lipid and anthropometric profiles of patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative management.cited 6× |
| low protein diet (LPD) | Decreases - reduction | total cholesterol | Human | non-dialysis CKD patients | 0.6g/kg/day of protein. | Effects of Low-Protein Diet on lipid and anthropometric profiles of patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative management.cited 6× |
| low-protein diet (LPD) | Decreases - reduction in | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (stage 3-4) who adhered to the diet | 0.6 g/kg/day (prescribed), actual intake 0.7 ± 0.2 g/kg/day | Does Low-Protein Diet Influence the Uremic Toxin Serum Levels From the Gut Microbiota in Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients?cited 70× |
| low-protein diet (LPD) | Decreases - reduction in | total cholesterol | Human | nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (stage 3-4) who adhered to the diet | 0.6 g/kg/day (prescribed), actual intake 0.7 ± 0.2 g/kg/day | Does Low-Protein Diet Influence the Uremic Toxin Serum Levels From the Gut Microbiota in Nondialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients?cited 70× |
| low protein diet (LPD) | Decreases - a reduction in | total cholesterol | Human | sixty patients affected by advanced CKD | Not specified | Probiotics-Supplemented Low-Protein Diet for Microbiota Modulation in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (ProLowCKD): Results from a Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.cited 31× |
| "prudent" diet | Decreases - decreased | serum-cholesterol-levels | Human | patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa | "Prudent" diet (20% protein, 35% carbohydrates, 45% fats, PS-factor ~2.2) for 7-10 days; clofibrate (500 mg twice daily) for 14 days. | [Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa with a "prudent" diet and clofibrate (author's transl)]. |
| "prudent" diet with clofibrate | Decreases - total decrease | cholesterol-levels | Human | patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa | "Prudent" diet (20% protein, 35% carbohydrates, 45% fats, PS-factor ~2.2) for 7-10 days; clofibrate (500 mg twice daily) for 14 days. | [Treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa with a "prudent" diet and clofibrate (author's transl)]. |
| low-carbohydrate diet pattern | Increases - an increase was greater for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol | high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol | Human | Women who completed treatment for breast cancer | Not specified (menu and recipe-defined dietary patterns). | Effect of dietary patterns differing in carbohydrate and fat content on blood lipid and glucose profiles based on weight-loss success of breast-cancer survivors.cited 24× |
| low-fat diet pattern | Decreases - greater reduction trends were seen for cholesterol | cholesterol | Human | Women who completed treatment for breast cancer | Not specified (menu and recipe-defined dietary patterns). | Effect of dietary patterns differing in carbohydrate and fat content on blood lipid and glucose profiles based on weight-loss success of breast-cancer survivors.cited 24× |
| low-fat diet pattern | Decreases - greater reduction trends were seen for LDL cholesterol | LDL cholesterol | Human | Women who completed treatment for breast cancer | Not specified (menu and recipe-defined dietary patterns). | Effect of dietary patterns differing in carbohydrate and fat content on blood lipid and glucose profiles based on weight-loss success of breast-cancer survivors.cited 24× |
| high-fat diet containing barley (HFD-B) | Increases - increased | fecal cholesterol | Animal | six-week-old C57BL/6J mice | — | Barley intake induces bile acid excretion by reduced expression of intestinal ASBT and NPC1L1 in C57BL/6J mice. |
| high-fat diet containing barley (HFD-B) | Decreases - significantly reduced | LDL cholesterol concentrations | Animal | six-week-old C57BL/6J mice | — | Barley intake induces bile acid excretion by reduced expression of intestinal ASBT and NPC1L1 in C57BL/6J mice. |
| high-fat diet containing barley (HFD-B) | Decreases - significantly reduced | Total cholesterol concentrations | Animal | six-week-old C57BL/6J mice | — | Barley intake induces bile acid excretion by reduced expression of intestinal ASBT and NPC1L1 in C57BL/6J mice. |
| soy diet | No effect - demonstrated no substantial impact on | total cholesterol | Human | patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Not specified | Soy diet for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 5× |
| 50 gm/day oat bran supplemented diet | Decreases - experienced significant decreases | cholesterol | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| 50 gm/day oat bran supplemented diet | Decreases - decreased | energy, fat, and cholesterol intakes | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| 50 gm/day oat bran supplemented diet | Decreases - decreased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| 50 gm/day oat bran supplemented diet | Decreases - average decrease | total serum cholesterol | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| low-fat, low-cholesterol diet | Decreases - experienced significant decreases | cholesterol | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| low-fat, low-cholesterol diet | Decreases - decreased | energy, fat, and cholesterol intakes | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| low-fat, low-cholesterol diet | Decreases - decreased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| low-fat, low-cholesterol diet | Decreases - average decrease | total serum cholesterol | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| low-fat, low-cholesterol diet plus 50 gm/day oat bran | Decreases - experienced significant decreases | cholesterol | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| low-fat, low-cholesterol diet plus 50 gm/day oat bran | Decreases - decreased | energy, fat, and cholesterol intakes | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| low-fat, low-cholesterol diet plus 50 gm/day oat bran | Decreases - decreased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| low-fat, low-cholesterol diet plus 50 gm/day oat bran | Decreases - average decrease | total serum cholesterol | Human | free-living men and women with hypercholesterolemia | 50 gm/day oat bran (LFLC + OB and OB groups) or 42.5 gm/day processed oat bran (POB group). | Reduced serum cholesterol with dietary change using fat-modified and oat bran supplemented diets.cited 50× |
| 6-month Western diet (high-fat, high-sugar) intervention | Increases - featured | high serum cholesterol levels | HumanAnimal | Male C57 BL6 mice | High-fat (30% lard, 0.2% cholesterol, ~57% calories) and sucrose-rich (20%) chow, plus high-sugar solution (23.1 g/L D-fructose, 18.9 g/L D-glucose) | Western diet-induced mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with metabolic outcomes: Features of gut microbiome-liver-adipose tissue axis.cited 29× |
| vegetable fat diet | Decreases - was significantly higher | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | healthy moderately hypercholesterolemic humans | Milk fat provided 38% of energy intake in the three dairy-based diets. | Effect of milk fat on LDL cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk markers in healthy humans: the INNOVALAIT project.cited 10× |
| spring milk fat diet | Increases - was significantly higher | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | healthy moderately hypercholesterolemic humans | Milk fat provided 38% of energy intake in the three dairy-based diets. | Effect of milk fat on LDL cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk markers in healthy humans: the INNOVALAIT project.cited 10× |
| n-3-rich diet | Decreases - decreased | Plasma total cholesterol | Human | kidney transplant recipients in the DIET group | Not specified (diet-based intervention) | Effects of a diet rich in N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on systemic inflammation in renal transplant recipients.cited 12× |
| 1.5% cholesterol with diet | Increases - significant increase | serum cholesterol | Animal | premature male rats (CFG1) | — | L-Carnitine effect on induced hyperlipidemia on premature rats: fertility profile. |
| whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet with vitamin B12 supplementation | Decreases - led to significant improvements | BMI, cholesterol and other risk factors | Human | subjects with obesity or overweight and at least one of type 2 diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia | Non-energy-restricted WFPB diet with vitamin B12 supplementation; no specific dosage mentioned. | The BROAD study: A randomised controlled trial using a whole food plant-based diet in the community for obesity, ischaemic heart disease or diabetes.cited 169× |
| whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet with vitamin B12 supplementation | Decreases - reduction was greater | cholesterol | Human | subjects with obesity or overweight and at least one of type 2 diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia | Non-energy-restricted WFPB diet with vitamin B12 supplementation; no specific dosage mentioned. | The BROAD study: A randomised controlled trial using a whole food plant-based diet in the community for obesity, ischaemic heart disease or diabetes.cited 169× |
| whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet with vitamin B12 supplementation | Decreases - reductions | total cholesterol | Human | WFPB diet group | Non-energy-restricted WFPB diet with vitamin B12 supplementation; no specific dosage mentioned. | The BROAD study: A randomised controlled trial using a whole food plant-based diet in the community for obesity, ischaemic heart disease or diabetes.cited 169× |
| hypocaloric legume-based DASH diet | Decreases - A reduction in | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | Improvement of glycemic indices by a hypocaloric legume-based DASH diet in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.cited 15× |
| hypocaloric legume-based DASH diet | Decreases - A reduction in | total cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | Improvement of glycemic indices by a hypocaloric legume-based DASH diet in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.cited 15× |
| hypocaloric DASH diet | Decreases - A reduction in | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | Improvement of glycemic indices by a hypocaloric legume-based DASH diet in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.cited 15× |
| hypocaloric DASH diet | Decreases - A reduction in | total cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | Improvement of glycemic indices by a hypocaloric legume-based DASH diet in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.cited 15× |
| low-carbohydrate (LC) non-energy-restricted diet | Decreases - had greater reductions in | ratio of TAG:HDL-cholesterol | Human | overweight or obese Chinese women | LC diet started at 20 g/d of carbohydrates, increasing by 10 g weekly; ER diet had 156-205 g/d of carbohydrates with a 35% energy reduction. | Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiometabolic profile in Chinese women: a randomised controlled feeding trial.cited 26× |
| low-carbohydrate (LC) non-energy-restricted diet | Decreases - had greater reductions in | ratio of total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol | Human | overweight or obese Chinese women | LC diet started at 20 g/d of carbohydrates, increasing by 10 g weekly; ER diet had 156-205 g/d of carbohydrates with a 35% energy reduction. | Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiometabolic profile in Chinese women: a randomised controlled feeding trial.cited 26× |
| transition from a Western pattern diet (WPD) to a predominantly whole-food, plant-based diet (PWFPBD) | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | a 47-year-old woman with HER2-positive breast cancer | Not specified (whole-food, plant-based diet with or without 16-hour overnight fasting). | Plant-Based Diet and IGF-1 Modulation on HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Lifestyle Medicine Nutrition Approach in Oncology.cited 2× |
| lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week) | Increases - increased | lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in HDL(3) | Human | moderately overweight, middle-aged individuals | Control diet (<10 mg lycopene/week), lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week), lycopene supplement (70 mg lycopene/week) | Lycopene intervention reduces inflammation and improves HDL functionality in moderately overweight middle-aged individuals.cited 77× |
| lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week) | Increases - increased | lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in serum | Human | moderately overweight, middle-aged individuals | Control diet (<10 mg lycopene/week), lycopene-rich diet (224-350 mg lycopene/week), lycopene supplement (70 mg lycopene/week) | Lycopene intervention reduces inflammation and improves HDL functionality in moderately overweight middle-aged individuals.cited 77× |
| new omega-3 fatty acid and medium-chain triglyceride-rich formula diet | Decreases - reduced | total cholesterol levels | Human | patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia | Not specified (formula diet composition details not provided). | Successful treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia with a formula diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides.cited 19× |
| low-carbohydrate diet with physical activity | Increases - may improve | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy | Not specified | The effect of dietary interventions or patterns on the cardiometabolic health of individuals treated with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: A systematic review.cited 1× |
| diet enriched with cholesterol | Increases - enhances | catabolism of liver cholesterol | Animal | WT mice | — | Impaired cholesterol metabolism in the mouse model of cystic fibrosis. A preliminary study. |
| diet enriched with cholesterol | Increases - causing an increase | intracellular cholesterol | Animal | CF mice | — | Impaired cholesterol metabolism in the mouse model of cystic fibrosis. A preliminary study. |
| diet enriched with cholesterol | Decreases - inhibits | synthesis of liver cholesterol | Animal | WT mice | — | Impaired cholesterol metabolism in the mouse model of cystic fibrosis. A preliminary study. |
| whey protein powders (30 g/day) and isocaloric weight-loss diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | obese women | 30 g/day of whey protein powder. | Whey protein supplementation reducing fasting levels of anandamide and 2-AG without weight loss in pre-menopausal women with obesity on a weight-loss diet.cited 16× |
| 1% cholesterol diet | Decreases - significantly decreased | high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Animal | male Wistar rats | — | The mechanism of dietary cholesterol effects on lipids metabolism in rats. |
| 1% cholesterol diet | Increases - significantly increased | non high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Animal | male Wistar rats | — | The mechanism of dietary cholesterol effects on lipids metabolism in rats. |
| 1% cholesterol diet | Increases - significantly increased | total cholesterol levels | Animal | male Wistar rats | — | The mechanism of dietary cholesterol effects on lipids metabolism in rats. |
| SAT diet (rich in saturated fats) | Increases - increased | non HDL-Cholesterol | Human | postmenopausal women | Not specified (butter was part of a diet with 38% fat, 20% saturated fat). | Impact of the consumption of a rich diet in butter and it replacement for a rich diet in extra virgin olive oil on anthropometric, metabolic and lipid profile in postmenopausal women.cited 13× |
| biofortified kale diet | Decreases - had lower | total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels | Animal | rats | Biofortified kale enriched with 5,7-diiodo-8-quinolinol (exact dosage not specified) | Comparative Analysis of Iodine Levels, Biochemical Responses, and Thyroid Gene Expression in Rats Fed Diets with Kale Biofortified with 5,7-Diiodo-8-Quinolinol.cited 1× |
| balanced hypocaloric almond-enriched diet (AED) | Decreases - decreased significantly | total cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women with BMI >25 | 50 g of almonds daily. | The effect of almonds on anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program: A randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 47× |
| balanced hypocaloric almond-enriched diet (AED) | Decreases - decreased significantly | total: High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | overweight and obese women with BMI >25 | 50 g of almonds daily. | The effect of almonds on anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program: A randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 47× |
| balanced hypocaloric nut-free diet (NFD) | Increases - greater increase | High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | overweight and obese women with BMI >25 | 50 g of almonds daily. | The effect of almonds on anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program: A randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 47× |
| balanced hypocaloric nut-free diet (NFD) | Decreases - greater reduction | low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | overweight and obese women with BMI >25 | 50 g of almonds daily. | The effect of almonds on anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program: A randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 47× |
| home-delivered diet | Increases - showed an increase | High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels | Human | overweight and obese women | Dietary plan composition: 55-60% carbohydrates, 15-20% protein, 25-30% fat. | Which is the best diet to reduce cardiometabolic risk: dietary counseling or home-delivered diet? |
| home-delivered diet | Increases - greater increase observed | High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels | Human | overweight and obese women | Dietary plan composition: 55-60% carbohydrates, 15-20% protein, 25-30% fat. | Which is the best diet to reduce cardiometabolic risk: dietary counseling or home-delivered diet? |
| 100% orange juice (OJ) with reduced-calorie diet (RCD) | Decreases - decreased | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | obese individuals | 500 mL/day of 100% orange juice. | Orange juice allied to a reduced-calorie diet results in weight loss and ameliorates obesity-related biomarkers: A randomized controlled trial.cited 43× |
| 100% orange juice (OJ) with reduced-calorie diet (RCD) | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | obese individuals | 500 mL/day of 100% orange juice. | Orange juice allied to a reduced-calorie diet results in weight loss and ameliorates obesity-related biomarkers: A randomized controlled trial.cited 43× |
| Energy-Restricted Diet (ERD) | No effect - with no increase in LDL-cholesterol | LDL-cholesterol | Human | Multi-ethnic Asian adults with body mass index ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 | Net carbohydrate intake limited to ≤50 g per day for the HKD group. | Development and Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Healthy Ketogenic Diet Versus Energy-Restricted Diet on Weight Loss in Adults with Obesity. |
| Healthy Ketogenic Diet (HKD) | No effect - with no increase in LDL-cholesterol | LDL-cholesterol | Human | Multi-ethnic Asian adults with body mass index ≥ 27.5 kg/m2 | Net carbohydrate intake limited to ≤50 g per day for the HKD group. | Development and Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Healthy Ketogenic Diet Versus Energy-Restricted Diet on Weight Loss in Adults with Obesity. |
| energy-restricted diet | Decreases - improved | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women with PCOS | 12 × 10^9 CFU/day of Lactobacillus rhamnosus. | A low glycemic index, energy-restricted diet but not Lactobacillus rhamnosus supplementation changes fecal short-chain fatty acid and serum lipid concentrations in women with overweight or obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome.cited 20× |
| energy-restricted diet | Decreases - improved | total cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women with PCOS | 12 × 10^9 CFU/day of Lactobacillus rhamnosus. | A low glycemic index, energy-restricted diet but not Lactobacillus rhamnosus supplementation changes fecal short-chain fatty acid and serum lipid concentrations in women with overweight or obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome.cited 20× |
| high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | Decreases - were equally effective in improving | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol | Human | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | High-protein low-fat diet (30% protein, 50% carbohydrates, 20% fat); low-protein high-fat diet (15% protein, 50% carbohydrates, 35% fat). | A high-protein low-fat diet is more effective in improving blood pressure and triglycerides in calorie-restricted obese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.cited 39× |
| high-protein low-fat diet (HP-LF, with 30% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 20% fat) | Decreases - were equally effective in improving | total cholesterol | Human | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | High-protein low-fat diet (30% protein, 50% carbohydrates, 20% fat); low-protein high-fat diet (15% protein, 50% carbohydrates, 35% fat). | A high-protein low-fat diet is more effective in improving blood pressure and triglycerides in calorie-restricted obese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.cited 39× |
| low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat) | Decreases - were equally effective in improving | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol | Human | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | High-protein low-fat diet (30% protein, 50% carbohydrates, 20% fat); low-protein high-fat diet (15% protein, 50% carbohydrates, 35% fat). | A high-protein low-fat diet is more effective in improving blood pressure and triglycerides in calorie-restricted obese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.cited 39× |
| low-protein high-fat diet (LP-HF, with 15% protein, 50% carbohydrates and 35% fat) | Decreases - were equally effective in improving | total cholesterol | Human | obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes (DM2) | High-protein low-fat diet (30% protein, 50% carbohydrates, 20% fat); low-protein high-fat diet (15% protein, 50% carbohydrates, 35% fat). | A high-protein low-fat diet is more effective in improving blood pressure and triglycerides in calorie-restricted obese individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.cited 39× |
| VLCHF diet | Increases - increased | cholesterol esters | Human | individuals with overweight and obesity | Not specified | A lipidomic and metabolomic signature of a very low-carbohydrate high-fat diet and high-intensity interval training: an additional analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 6× |
| cholesterol-lowering diet | Decreases - is more effective in reducing | ischaemic heart disease and lowering cholesterol | Human | children and adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia | Not specified | Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia.cited 57× |
| diet with a low AGEs content | Decreases - significant reduction | total cholesterol | Human | adults | Not specified | The Impact of Low Advanced Glycation End Products Diet on Metabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.cited 47× |
| very-low-fat (10% fat) vegan diet supplemented with soy protein and lifestyle changes | Decreases - significantly decreased intake | cholesterol | Human | early-stage prostate cancer patients | Very-low-fat (10% fat) vegan diet supplemented with soy protein (specific dosage not detailed). | A very-low-fat vegan diet increases intake of protective dietary factors and decreases intake of pathogenic dietary factors.cited 34× |
| MSG + ketogenic diet | Increases - showed a significant increase | cholesterol | Animal | male rats | — | Ketogenic diet improves and restores redox status and biochemical indices in monosodium glutamate-induced rat testicular toxicity. |
| ketogenic diet | Increases - showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) | cholesterol | Animal | male rats | — | Ketogenic diet improves and restores redox status and biochemical indices in monosodium glutamate-induced rat testicular toxicity. |
| modification of usual diet characterized by salt restriction combined with energy intake restriction | Decreases - effective by decreasing | total cholesterol | Human | 116 treated or not primary hypertensive out-patients | Not specified | Importance of weight loss and sodium restriction in the treatment of mild and moderate essential hypertension.cited 5× |
| hypolipidic diet | Decreases - showed a significant reduction | LDL cholesterol | Human | patients affected by hyperlipidemia (group D) | Not specified | Hypolipidic diet and phytosubstance supplement in hypercholesterolemia.cited 2× |
| hypolipidic diet | Decreases - showed a significant reduction | total cholesterol | Human | patients affected by hyperlipidemia (group D) | Not specified | Hypolipidic diet and phytosubstance supplement in hypercholesterolemia.cited 2× |
| hypolipidic diet and supplement (red yeast, guggulsterones, flavonoid, sylimarin) | Decreases - showed a significant reduction | LDL cholesterol | Human | patients affected by hyperlipidemia (group E) | Not specified | Hypolipidic diet and phytosubstance supplement in hypercholesterolemia.cited 2× |
| hypolipidic diet and supplement (red yeast, guggulsterones, flavonoid, sylimarin) | Decreases - showed a significant reduction | total cholesterol | Human | patients affected by hyperlipidemia (group E) | Not specified | Hypolipidic diet and phytosubstance supplement in hypercholesterolemia.cited 2× |
| L4 diet (dairy products containing 63.3% SFA/4.06% R-TFA) | Decreases - contributed to reduce | LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol | Human | healthy volunteers | 55 g fat per day, delivered via butter, dessert cream, and cookies. | Differential impact of milk fatty acid profiles on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in healthy men and women.cited 15× |
| L4 diet (dairy products containing 63.3% SFA/4.06% R-TFA) | Decreases - contributed to reduce | low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol | Human | healthy volunteers | 55 g fat per day, delivered via butter, dessert cream, and cookies. | Differential impact of milk fatty acid profiles on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in healthy men and women.cited 15× |
| L4 diet (dairy products containing 63.3% SFA/4.06% R-TFA) | Decreases - contributed to reduce | total cholesterol | Human | healthy volunteers | 55 g fat per day, delivered via butter, dessert cream, and cookies. | Differential impact of milk fatty acid profiles on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in healthy men and women.cited 15× |
| L4 diet (dairy products containing 63.3% SFA/4.06% R-TFA) | Decreases - contributed to reduce | total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol | Human | healthy volunteers | 55 g fat per day, delivered via butter, dessert cream, and cookies. | Differential impact of milk fatty acid profiles on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in healthy men and women.cited 15× |
| L0 diet (dairy products containing 72% SFA/2.85% R-TFA) | No effect - were not significantly altered | Plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol | Human | healthy volunteers | 55 g fat per day, delivered via butter, dessert cream, and cookies. | Differential impact of milk fatty acid profiles on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in healthy men and women.cited 15× |
| replacement diet with products made with organic ancient khorasan wheat | Decreases - reduction in | LDL cholesterol | Human | type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients | — | A khorasan wheat-based replacement diet improves risk profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a randomized crossover trial.cited 30× |
| replacement diet with products made with organic ancient khorasan wheat | Decreases - reduction in | total cholesterol | Human | type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients | — | A khorasan wheat-based replacement diet improves risk profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a randomized crossover trial.cited 30× |
| almond diet (ALD) | Decreases - were lower | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese individuals aged 30 to 70 years | 42.5 g/d of almonds. | Effects of Dark Chocolate and Almonds on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial.cited 45× |
| almond diet (ALD) | Decreases - were lower | non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese individuals aged 30 to 70 years | 42.5 g/d of almonds. | Effects of Dark Chocolate and Almonds on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial.cited 45× |
| almond diet (ALD) | Decreases - were lower | total cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese individuals aged 30 to 70 years | 42.5 g/d of almonds. | Effects of Dark Chocolate and Almonds on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial.cited 45× |
| walnut diet | Decreases - produced mean changes of | LDL cholesterol level | Human | men and women with polygenic hypercholesterolemia | Walnuts replaced approximately 35% of the energy obtained from monounsaturated fat. | Substituting walnuts for monounsaturated fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women. A randomized crossover trial.cited 190× |
| walnut diet | Decreases - mean differences in the changes | LDL cholesterol level | Human | men and women with polygenic hypercholesterolemia | Walnuts replaced approximately 35% of the energy obtained from monounsaturated fat. | Substituting walnuts for monounsaturated fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women. A randomized crossover trial.cited 190× |
| walnut diet | Decreases - produced mean changes of | total cholesterol level | Human | men and women with polygenic hypercholesterolemia | Walnuts replaced approximately 35% of the energy obtained from monounsaturated fat. | Substituting walnuts for monounsaturated fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women. A randomized crossover trial.cited 190× |
| walnut diet | Decreases - mean differences in the changes | total cholesterol level | Human | men and women with polygenic hypercholesterolemia | Walnuts replaced approximately 35% of the energy obtained from monounsaturated fat. | Substituting walnuts for monounsaturated fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women. A randomized crossover trial.cited 190× |
| Substituting walnuts for part of the mono-unsaturated fat in a cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet | Decreases - further reduced | LDL cholesterol levels | Human | men and women with hypercholesterolemia | Walnuts replaced approximately 35% of the energy obtained from monounsaturated fat. | Substituting walnuts for monounsaturated fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women. A randomized crossover trial.cited 190× |
| Substituting walnuts for part of the mono-unsaturated fat in a cholesterol-lowering Mediterranean diet | Decreases - further reduced | total cholesterol levels | Human | men and women with hypercholesterolemia | Walnuts replaced approximately 35% of the energy obtained from monounsaturated fat. | Substituting walnuts for monounsaturated fat improves the serum lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic men and women. A randomized crossover trial.cited 190× |
| cocoa extract supplemented meals within a hypocaloric diet | Decreases - showed a higher reduction | oxidised LDL cholesterol (oxLDL) | Human | middle-aged overweight/obese subjects | 1.4 g cocoa extract (645.3 mg polyphenols) daily, incorporated into meals. | Oxidised LDL levels decreases after the consumption of ready-to-eat meals supplemented with cocoa extract within a hypocaloric diet.cited 40× |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - exhibited increased | cholesterol | Animal | mice | — | Prebiotics modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis and ameliorate anxiety and depression-like behavior in HFD-fed mice.cited 15× |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Decreases - significant reduction | cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase enzyme | Animal | hypercholestremic adult male rats | — | High-fat diet induced alteration in lipid enzymes and inflammation in cardiac and brain tissues: Assessment of the effects of Atorvastatin-loaded nanoparticles. |
| high-fat diet | Increases - led to an increase | cholesterol content in the cell membrane | Animal | male SD rats | — | Effect of high-fat diet on cholesterol metabolism in rats and its association with Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase/Src/pERK signaling pathway. |
| high-fat diet | Increases - led to an increase | cholesterol content in the cytoplasm | Animal | male SD rats | — | Effect of high-fat diet on cholesterol metabolism in rats and its association with Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase/Src/pERK signaling pathway. |
| high-fat diet | Increases - was elevated | ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane | Animal | male SD rats | — | Effect of high-fat diet on cholesterol metabolism in rats and its association with Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase/Src/pERK signaling pathway. |
| high-fat diet | Increases - promoted | cholesterol excretion | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | — | Dietary Betaine Addition Promotes Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis, Bile Acid Conversion, and Export in Rats. |
| high-fat diet | Increases - promoted | cholesterol synthesis | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | — | Dietary Betaine Addition Promotes Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis, Bile Acid Conversion, and Export in Rats. |
| high-fat diet | No effect - lead to a balance of | hepatic cholesterol | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | — | Dietary Betaine Addition Promotes Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis, Bile Acid Conversion, and Export in Rats. |
| high-fat diet | Increases - increased | Serum low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | — | Dietary Betaine Addition Promotes Hepatic Cholesterol Synthesis, Bile Acid Conversion, and Export in Rats. |
| high fat diet | Increases - resulted in | cholesterol gallstone (CG) formation | Animal | male C57BL/6 mice | 100 mg/kg/day administered via gavage. | Resveratrol prevents gallstones in mice fed on a high fat diet via regulating PPAR-γ and SR-BI. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - increased | circulating levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Animal | C57BL/6J mice | 100 mg/kg body weight/day | Resveratrol ameliorates high‑fat diet‑induced insulin resistance via the DDIT4/mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - increased | circulating levels of total cholesterol | Animal | C57BL/6J mice | 100 mg/kg body weight/day | Resveratrol ameliorates high‑fat diet‑induced insulin resistance via the DDIT4/mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | No effect - interact with each other to influence | expression of hepatic cholesterol metabolic genes | Animal | adult offspring rats | — | Influencing factors, underlying mechanism and interactions affecting hypercholesterolemia in adult offspring with caffeine exposure during pregnancy. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | No effect - interact with each other to influence | serum cholesterol phenotype | Animal | adult offspring rats | — | Influencing factors, underlying mechanism and interactions affecting hypercholesterolemia in adult offspring with caffeine exposure during pregnancy. |
| high-fat diet (51% kcal fat, HFC) | Increases - had significantly higher | fasting serum levels of LDL cholesterol | HumanAnimalMolecular | Sprague-Dawley rats | 150 mg/day (human study). | High molecular weight poly-gamma-glutamic acid regulates lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet and humans. |
| high-fat diet (51% kcal fat, HFC) | Increases - had significantly higher | fasting serum levels of LDL cholesterol | HumanAnimalMolecular | Sprague-Dawley rats | 150 mg/day (human study). | High molecular weight poly-gamma-glutamic acid regulates lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet and humans. |
| high-fat diet (51% kcal fat, HFC) | Increases - had significantly higher | fasting serum levels of total cholesterol | HumanAnimalMolecular | Sprague-Dawley rats | 150 mg/day (human study). | High molecular weight poly-gamma-glutamic acid regulates lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet and humans. |
| high-fat diet (51% kcal fat, HFC) | Increases - had significantly higher | fasting serum levels of total cholesterol | HumanAnimalMolecular | Sprague-Dawley rats | 150 mg/day (human study). | High molecular weight poly-gamma-glutamic acid regulates lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet and humans. |
| high-fat diet (51% kcal fat, HFC) | Decreases - had lower | serum HDL cholesterol level | HumanAnimalMolecular | Sprague-Dawley rats | 150 mg/day (human study). | High molecular weight poly-gamma-glutamic acid regulates lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet and humans. |
| high-fat diet (51% kcal fat, HFC) | Decreases - had lower | serum HDL cholesterol level | HumanAnimalMolecular | Sprague-Dawley rats | 150 mg/day (human study). | High molecular weight poly-gamma-glutamic acid regulates lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet and humans. |
| high-fat diet (40% energy) | No effect - no genetic effect on changes | HDL cholesterol concentrations | Human | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | High-fat diet (40% energy), low-fat diet (20% energy). | Dietary Fat Intake Modifies the Effect of a Common Variant in the LIPC Gene on Changes in Serum Lipid Concentrations during a Long-Term Weight-Loss Intervention Trial.cited 28× |
| high-fat diet (40% energy) | Increases - opposite effect was evident | LDL cholesterol concentrations | Human | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | High-fat diet (40% energy), low-fat diet (20% energy). | Dietary Fat Intake Modifies the Effect of a Common Variant in the LIPC Gene on Changes in Serum Lipid Concentrations during a Long-Term Weight-Loss Intervention Trial.cited 28× |
| high-fat diet (40% energy) | Increases - opposite effect was evident | serum total cholesterol concentrations | Human | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | High-fat diet (40% energy), low-fat diet (20% energy). | Dietary Fat Intake Modifies the Effect of a Common Variant in the LIPC Gene on Changes in Serum Lipid Concentrations during a Long-Term Weight-Loss Intervention Trial.cited 28× |
| low-fat diet (20% energy) | Increases - lower increase | HDL cholesterol concentrations | Human | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | High-fat diet (40% energy), low-fat diet (20% energy). | Dietary Fat Intake Modifies the Effect of a Common Variant in the LIPC Gene on Changes in Serum Lipid Concentrations during a Long-Term Weight-Loss Intervention Trial.cited 28× |
| low-fat diet (20% energy) | Decreases - tended to be related to the decrease | LDL cholesterol concentrations | Human | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | High-fat diet (40% energy), low-fat diet (20% energy). | Dietary Fat Intake Modifies the Effect of a Common Variant in the LIPC Gene on Changes in Serum Lipid Concentrations during a Long-Term Weight-Loss Intervention Trial.cited 28× |
| low-fat diet (20% energy) | Decreases - tended to be related to the decrease | serum total cholesterol concentrations | Human | overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) with LIPC A allele | High-fat diet (40% energy), low-fat diet (20% energy). | Dietary Fat Intake Modifies the Effect of a Common Variant in the LIPC Gene on Changes in Serum Lipid Concentrations during a Long-Term Weight-Loss Intervention Trial.cited 28× |
| high-fat diet | Increases - exhibited | hepatic cholesterol accumulation | AnimalMolecular | Male C57BL/6J mice | — | Folic acid supplementation during high-fat diet feeding restores AMPK activation via an AMP-LKB1-dependent mechanism. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Decreases - significantly lower | high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol | Animal | Rats (Group 2) | — | Effects of Honey on Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats: Role of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition and Antioxidant Effect. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - significantly higher | low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol | Animal | Rats (Group 2) | — | Effects of Honey on Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats: Role of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition and Antioxidant Effect. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - significantly higher | total cholesterol (TC) | Animal | Rats (Group 2) | — | Effects of Honey on Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats: Role of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition and Antioxidant Effect. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - significantly higher | very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol | Animal | Rats (Group 2) | — | Effects of Honey on Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats: Role of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition and Antioxidant Effect. |
| high-fat-diet (HFD) | Increases - led to significant increases in levels | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Animal | mice | Not specified (low-dose treatment mentioned but exact dosage not provided). | Effects of α-Galactooligosaccharides from Chickpeas on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Mice.cited 27× |
| high-fat-diet (HFD) | Increases - led to significant increases in levels | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Animal | mice | Not specified (low-dose treatment mentioned but exact dosage not provided). | Effects of α-Galactooligosaccharides from Chickpeas on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Mice.cited 27× |
| high-fat-diet (HFD) | Increases - led to significant increases in levels | total cholesterol | Animal | mice | Not specified (low-dose treatment mentioned but exact dosage not provided). | Effects of α-Galactooligosaccharides from Chickpeas on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Mice.cited 27× |
| high-fat diet (37% energy from fat and 50% from carbohydrates) | Increases - significantly increased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | 12 nonobese healthy men with normal plasma lipid profile | High-fat diet (37% energy from fat, 50% from carbohydrates) and low-fat diet (25% energy from fat, 62% from carbohydrates). | Effect of short-term low- and high-fat diets on low-density lipoprotein particle size in normolipidemic subjects.cited 31× |
| high-fat diet (37% energy from fat and 50% from carbohydrates) | Increases - significantly increased | LDL cholesterol | Human | 12 nonobese healthy men with normal plasma lipid profile | High-fat diet (37% energy from fat, 50% from carbohydrates) and low-fat diet (25% energy from fat, 62% from carbohydrates). | Effect of short-term low- and high-fat diets on low-density lipoprotein particle size in normolipidemic subjects.cited 31× |
| high-fat diet (37% energy from fat and 50% from carbohydrates) | Increases - significantly increased | plasma cholesterol | Human | 12 nonobese healthy men with normal plasma lipid profile | High-fat diet (37% energy from fat, 50% from carbohydrates) and low-fat diet (25% energy from fat, 62% from carbohydrates). | Effect of short-term low- and high-fat diets on low-density lipoprotein particle size in normolipidemic subjects.cited 31× |
| high fat diet (HFD) | Increases - significantly increased | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Animal | obese rats | Not specified | Effect of caffeine-chitosan nanoparticles and α-lipoic acid on the cardiovascular changes induced in rat model of obesity.cited 5× |
| high fat diet (HFD) | Decreases - significantly reduced | serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Animal | obese rats | Not specified | Effect of caffeine-chitosan nanoparticles and α-lipoic acid on the cardiovascular changes induced in rat model of obesity.cited 5× |
| high fat diet (HFD) | Increases - significantly increased | total cholesterol (TC) | Animal | obese rats | Not specified | Effect of caffeine-chitosan nanoparticles and α-lipoic acid on the cardiovascular changes induced in rat model of obesity.cited 5× |
| high fat diet (HFD) | Increases - significantly increased | very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) | Animal | obese rats | Not specified | Effect of caffeine-chitosan nanoparticles and α-lipoic acid on the cardiovascular changes induced in rat model of obesity.cited 5× |
| High fat diet | Increases - increased | mice body weight, epididymal fat, and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents | Animal | mice | — | Histidine and carnosine alleviated hepatic steatosis in mice consumed high saturated fat diet. |
| high-fat diet (HF) | Increases - exhibited high | plasma and liver total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) | Animal | Female C57BL/6 mice | Not specified | Reduction of lauric acid content in virgin coconut oil improved plasma lipid profile in high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice. |
| high-fat diet (HFD) | Increases - induced significantly increased levels | serum levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Animal | albino Wister rats | — | l-Carnitine-induced amelioration of HFD-induced hepatic dysfunction is accompanied by a reduction in hepatic TNF-α and TGF-β1. |
| High fat diet (HFD) (20 g/day) | Increases - were enhanced significantly | serum total cholesterol | Animal | Wistar rats | 200 mg/kg orally per day | Evaluation of antiobesity and cardioprotective effect of Gymnema sylvestre extract in murine model.cited 23× |
| high fat diet | Increases - significantly increased | serum total cholesterol | Animal | Wistar albino rats | — | Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Aloe succotrina in Rats: Possibly Mediated by Inhibition of HMG-CoA Reductase. |
| high-fat diet | Increases - increase | total cholesterol level | AnimalMolecular | mice | — | Identification of miR-185 as a regulator of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis and low density lipoprotein uptake. |
| pellet diet containing P. eryngii var. ferulae DDL01 (PD) | Increases - caused a significant increase | level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | HumanAnimalMolecular | high-fat/high-cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemic rat model | 7.5 g/rat/day of pellet diet containing King Oyster. | In Vitro Antioxidant and In Vivo Hypolipidemic Effects of the King Oyster Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae DDL01 (Agaricomycetes), in Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Fatty Liver and Hyperlipidemia.cited 11× |
| pellet diet containing P. eryngii var. ferulae DDL01 (PD) | Decreases - caused a significant decrease | levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | HumanAnimalMolecular | high-fat/high-cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemic rat model | 7.5 g/rat/day of pellet diet containing King Oyster. | In Vitro Antioxidant and In Vivo Hypolipidemic Effects of the King Oyster Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae DDL01 (Agaricomycetes), in Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Fatty Liver and Hyperlipidemia.cited 11× |
| pellet diet containing P. eryngii var. ferulae DDL01 (PD) | Decreases - caused a significant decrease | levels of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | HumanAnimalMolecular | high-fat/high-cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemic rat model | 7.5 g/rat/day of pellet diet containing King Oyster. | In Vitro Antioxidant and In Vivo Hypolipidemic Effects of the King Oyster Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae DDL01 (Agaricomycetes), in Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Fatty Liver and Hyperlipidemia.cited 11× |
| high-protein/low-carbohydrate hypocaloric diet (diet HP) | Decreases - showed significant improvement | cholesterol levels | Human | obese patients with CC genotype | Diet HP: 33% carbohydrates (86.1 g/day), 33% fat (39.0 g/day), 34% protein (88.6 g/day). Diet S: 1093 cal/day, 53% carbohydrates (144.3 g/day), 27% fat (32.6 g/day), 20% protein (55.6 g/day). | Adiponectin gene variant rs266729 interacts with different macronutrient distributions of two different hypocaloric diets during nine months.cited 1× |
| high-protein/low-carbohydrate hypocaloric diet (diet HP) | Decreases - showed significant improvement | LDL-cholesterol levels | Human | obese patients with CC genotype | Diet HP: 33% carbohydrates (86.1 g/day), 33% fat (39.0 g/day), 34% protein (88.6 g/day). Diet S: 1093 cal/day, 53% carbohydrates (144.3 g/day), 27% fat (32.6 g/day), 20% protein (55.6 g/day). | Adiponectin gene variant rs266729 interacts with different macronutrient distributions of two different hypocaloric diets during nine months.cited 1× |
| standard severe hypocaloric diet (diet S) | Decreases - showed significant improvement | LDL-cholesterol levels | Human | obese patients with CC genotype | Diet HP: 33% carbohydrates (86.1 g/day), 33% fat (39.0 g/day), 34% protein (88.6 g/day). Diet S: 1093 cal/day, 53% carbohydrates (144.3 g/day), 27% fat (32.6 g/day), 20% protein (55.6 g/day). | Adiponectin gene variant rs266729 interacts with different macronutrient distributions of two different hypocaloric diets during nine months.cited 1× |
| standard severe hypocaloric diet (diet S) | Decreases - showed significant improvement | total cholesterol levels | Human | obese patients with CC genotype | Diet HP: 33% carbohydrates (86.1 g/day), 33% fat (39.0 g/day), 34% protein (88.6 g/day). Diet S: 1093 cal/day, 53% carbohydrates (144.3 g/day), 27% fat (32.6 g/day), 20% protein (55.6 g/day). | Adiponectin gene variant rs266729 interacts with different macronutrient distributions of two different hypocaloric diets during nine months.cited 1× |
| withdrawal from high-sucrose diet (HSD replacement by standard chow) | Decreases - showed reduced | fasting serum levels of total cholesterol | Animal | HS/CT rats | 34.3% protein in diet. | Long-term high-protein diet intake reverts weight gain and attenuates metabolic dysfunction on high-sucrose-fed adult rats.cited 22× |
| high-protein diet (HPD, 34.3% protein) | Decreases - showed reduced | fasting serum levels of total cholesterol | Animal | HS/HP rats | 34.3% protein in diet. | Long-term high-protein diet intake reverts weight gain and attenuates metabolic dysfunction on high-sucrose-fed adult rats.cited 22× |
| high-mono high-GI diet | Increases - was higher | HDL-cholesterol | Human | variably controlled NIDDM subjects | Not specified (diets contained 35% fat as monounsaturated fat). | Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM.cited 95× |
| high-GI diet | Decreases - was lower | HDL-cholesterol | Human | variably controlled NIDDM subjects | Not specified (diets contained 35% fat as monounsaturated fat). | Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM.cited 95× |
| low-GI diet | Increases - was higher | HDL-cholesterol | Human | variably controlled NIDDM subjects | Not specified (diets contained 35% fat as monounsaturated fat). | Diets high and low in glycemic index versus high monounsaturated fat diets: effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in NIDDM.cited 95× |
| carbohydrate-rich (CHO) diet | Decreases - similar lowering effects | low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol | Human | first-degree relatives of Type-2 DM patients | 55% of energy from carbohydrates, 30% from fat, 15% from protein (CHO diet). | Comparison of the effects of a monounsaturated fat diet and a high carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives to type-2 diabetic subjects.cited 25× |
| carbohydrate-rich (CHO) diet | Decreases - similar lowering effects | total cholesterol | Human | first-degree relatives of Type-2 DM patients | 55% of energy from carbohydrates, 30% from fat, 15% from protein (CHO diet). | Comparison of the effects of a monounsaturated fat diet and a high carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives to type-2 diabetic subjects.cited 25× |
| diet rich in olive oil (MUFA diet) | Increases - slightly higher levels | high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol | Human | first-degree relatives of Type-2 DM patients | 55% of energy from carbohydrates, 30% from fat, 15% from protein (CHO diet). | Comparison of the effects of a monounsaturated fat diet and a high carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives to type-2 diabetic subjects.cited 25× |
| diet rich in olive oil (MUFA diet) | Decreases - similar lowering effects | low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol | Human | first-degree relatives of Type-2 DM patients | 55% of energy from carbohydrates, 30% from fat, 15% from protein (CHO diet). | Comparison of the effects of a monounsaturated fat diet and a high carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives to type-2 diabetic subjects.cited 25× |
| diet rich in olive oil (MUFA diet) | Decreases - similar lowering effects | total cholesterol | Human | first-degree relatives of Type-2 DM patients | 55% of energy from carbohydrates, 30% from fat, 15% from protein (CHO diet). | Comparison of the effects of a monounsaturated fat diet and a high carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives to type-2 diabetic subjects.cited 25× |
| hypoenergetic diet (DI) and walking program | Decreases - significantly improved | LDL cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese participants | 2.5 hours of walking per week. | Moderate Walking Enhances the Effects of an Energy-Restricted Diet on Fat Mass Loss and Serum Insulin in Overweight and Obese Adults in a 12-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 11× |
| hypoenergetic diet (DI) and walking program | Decreases - significantly improved | non-HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese participants | 2.5 hours of walking per week. | Moderate Walking Enhances the Effects of an Energy-Restricted Diet on Fat Mass Loss and Serum Insulin in Overweight and Obese Adults in a 12-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 11× |
| hypoenergetic diet (DI) only | Decreases - significantly improved | LDL cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese participants | 2.5 hours of walking per week. | Moderate Walking Enhances the Effects of an Energy-Restricted Diet on Fat Mass Loss and Serum Insulin in Overweight and Obese Adults in a 12-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 11× |
| hypoenergetic diet (DI) only | Decreases - significantly improved | non-HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese participants | 2.5 hours of walking per week. | Moderate Walking Enhances the Effects of an Energy-Restricted Diet on Fat Mass Loss and Serum Insulin in Overweight and Obese Adults in a 12-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 11× |
| diet (1.651.34 ± 263.25 kcal; 47% carbohydrates, 28% lipids, 25% proteins, 30 g fibers) and nutritional orientation | Decreases - presented a reduction | total cholesterol | Human | outpatients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis | Not specified for alanine; overall diet composition was 1,651.34 ± 263.25 kcal, 25% proteins. | Effects of Dietary Intervention on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic-Nutritional Profile of Outpatients with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: a Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 18× |
| rapeseed oil-enriched diet | No effect - remained virtually unchanged | HDL cholesterol | Human | healthy subjects | Not specified (used for cooking and as table margarine). | Similar serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in healthy subjects on diets enriched with rapeseed and with sunflower oil.cited 17× |
| rapeseed oil-enriched diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | LDL cholesterol | Human | healthy subjects | Not specified (used for cooking and as table margarine). | Similar serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in healthy subjects on diets enriched with rapeseed and with sunflower oil.cited 17× |
| rapeseed oil-enriched diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | serum cholesterol | Human | healthy subjects | Not specified (used for cooking and as table margarine). | Similar serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in healthy subjects on diets enriched with rapeseed and with sunflower oil.cited 17× |
| sunflower oil-enriched diet | No effect - remained virtually unchanged | HDL cholesterol | Human | healthy subjects | Not specified (used for cooking and as table margarine). | Similar serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in healthy subjects on diets enriched with rapeseed and with sunflower oil.cited 17× |
| sunflower oil-enriched diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | LDL cholesterol | Human | healthy subjects | Not specified (used for cooking and as table margarine). | Similar serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in healthy subjects on diets enriched with rapeseed and with sunflower oil.cited 17× |
| sunflower oil-enriched diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | serum cholesterol | Human | healthy subjects | Not specified (used for cooking and as table margarine). | Similar serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in healthy subjects on diets enriched with rapeseed and with sunflower oil.cited 17× |
| high-CHO diet | Decreases - induced significant and comparable reductions | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | sixty-three men | 58% of energy as carbohydrates (ad libitum consumption) | Variations in body composition and plasma lipids in response to a high-carbohydrate diet.cited 25× |
| high-CHO diet | No effect - changes in waist circumference were significantly associated with changes | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | high-CHO group | 58% of energy as carbohydrates (ad libitum consumption) | Variations in body composition and plasma lipids in response to a high-carbohydrate diet.cited 25× |
| high-CHO diet | Decreases - induced significant and comparable reductions | total plasma cholesterol levels | Human | sixty-three men | 58% of energy as carbohydrates (ad libitum consumption) | Variations in body composition and plasma lipids in response to a high-carbohydrate diet.cited 25× |
| high-MUFA diet | Decreases - induced significant and comparable reductions | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | sixty-three men | 58% of energy as carbohydrates (ad libitum consumption) | Variations in body composition and plasma lipids in response to a high-carbohydrate diet.cited 25× |
| high-MUFA diet | No effect - changes in waist circumference were not associated with changes | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | high-MUFA group | 58% of energy as carbohydrates (ad libitum consumption) | Variations in body composition and plasma lipids in response to a high-carbohydrate diet.cited 25× |
| high-MUFA diet | Increases - had more beneficial effects | plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | sixty-three men | 58% of energy as carbohydrates (ad libitum consumption) | Variations in body composition and plasma lipids in response to a high-carbohydrate diet.cited 25× |
| high-MUFA diet | Decreases - induced significant and comparable reductions | total plasma cholesterol levels | Human | sixty-three men | 58% of energy as carbohydrates (ad libitum consumption) | Variations in body composition and plasma lipids in response to a high-carbohydrate diet.cited 25× |
| low-calorie lacto-ovo vegetarian diet | Decreases - significant differences | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile | Not specified (low-calorie diets). | Low-Calorie Vegetarian Versus Mediterranean Diets for Reducing Body Weight and Improving Cardiovascular Risk Profile: CARDIVEG Study (Cardiovascular Prevention With Vegetarian Diet).cited 132× |
| low-calorie lacto-ovo vegetarian diet | Decreases - more effective in reducing | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile | Not specified (low-calorie diets). | Low-Calorie Vegetarian Versus Mediterranean Diets for Reducing Body Weight and Improving Cardiovascular Risk Profile: CARDIVEG Study (Cardiovascular Prevention With Vegetarian Diet).cited 132× |
| supplementing biogenic selenium (Se) from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, ADS18 (ADS18) in laying hens' diet | Decreases - had significantly (P < 0.05) lower | cholesterol levels | Animal | laying hens | Basal diet contained 100 mg/kg VE. | Effects of supplementation of different selenium sources on lipid profile, selenium, and vitamin E concentration of yolk.cited 1× |
| ginger plus an anti-inflammatory diet | Increases - increased significantly | high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol | Human | children with obesity aged 8-11 years | AID included fruits, vegetables, fish, lean meats, omega-3 sources, nuts, legumes, and probiotic products, with elimination of inflammatory foods. Ginger dosage was 1000 mg/day. | Combination of the effect of ginger and anti-inflammatory diet on children with obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial.cited 6× |
| ginger plus an anti-inflammatory diet | Decreases - significantly decreased | low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol | Human | children with obesity aged 8-11 years | AID included fruits, vegetables, fish, lean meats, omega-3 sources, nuts, legumes, and probiotic products, with elimination of inflammatory foods. Ginger dosage was 1000 mg/day. | Combination of the effect of ginger and anti-inflammatory diet on children with obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial.cited 6× |
| ginger plus an anti-inflammatory diet | Decreases - significantly decreased | total cholesterol | Human | children with obesity aged 8-11 years | AID included fruits, vegetables, fish, lean meats, omega-3 sources, nuts, legumes, and probiotic products, with elimination of inflammatory foods. Ginger dosage was 1000 mg/day. | Combination of the effect of ginger and anti-inflammatory diet on children with obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial.cited 6× |
| monounsaturated enriched sunflower oil (MO) diet | Increases - were significantly higher | HDL3 cholesterol | Human | Fourteen healthy males 35 to 55 years of age and 14 healthy postmenopausal women 50 to 60 years of age | 40-42% of energy from fat (26-28% from monounsaturated fat) in the sunflower oil diet. | Effects of monounsaturated enriched sunflower oil on CHD risk factors including LDL size and copper-induced LDL oxidation.cited 13× |
| monounsaturated enriched sunflower oil (MO) diet | Increases - were significantly higher | HDL cholesterol | Human | Fourteen healthy males 35 to 55 years of age and 14 healthy postmenopausal women 50 to 60 years of age | 40-42% of energy from fat (26-28% from monounsaturated fat) in the sunflower oil diet. | Effects of monounsaturated enriched sunflower oil on CHD risk factors including LDL size and copper-induced LDL oxidation.cited 13× |
| monounsaturated enriched sunflower oil (MO) diet | No effect - were not significantly different | LDL cholesterol | Human | Fourteen healthy males 35 to 55 years of age and 14 healthy postmenopausal women 50 to 60 years of age | 40-42% of energy from fat (26-28% from monounsaturated fat) in the sunflower oil diet. | Effects of monounsaturated enriched sunflower oil on CHD risk factors including LDL size and copper-induced LDL oxidation.cited 13× |
| monounsaturated enriched sunflower oil (MO) diet | No effect - were not significantly different | Total cholesterol | Human | Fourteen healthy males 35 to 55 years of age and 14 healthy postmenopausal women 50 to 60 years of age | 40-42% of energy from fat (26-28% from monounsaturated fat) in the sunflower oil diet. | Effects of monounsaturated enriched sunflower oil on CHD risk factors including LDL size and copper-induced LDL oxidation.cited 13× |
| a diet rich in legumes other than soy | Decreases - decreases | LDL cholesterol | Human | — | Not specified (dietary intervention, not quantified). | Non-soy legume consumption lowers cholesterol levels: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 156× |
| a diet rich in legumes other than soy | Decreases - decreases | total cholesterol | Human | — | Not specified (dietary intervention, not quantified). | Non-soy legume consumption lowers cholesterol levels: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 156× |
| high-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) diet | No effect - were similar | HDL-cholesterol levels | Human | free-living individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus | MUFA diet (40% energy from fat, primarily virgin olive oil). | Comparison of a high-carbohydrate and a high-monounsaturated fat, olive oil-rich diet on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.cited 50× |
| high-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) diet | No effect - were similar | LDL-cholesterol levels | Human | free-living individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus | MUFA diet (40% energy from fat, primarily virgin olive oil). | Comparison of a high-carbohydrate and a high-monounsaturated fat, olive oil-rich diet on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.cited 50× |
| high-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) diet | No effect - were similar | total cholesterol levels | Human | free-living individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus | MUFA diet (40% energy from fat, primarily virgin olive oil). | Comparison of a high-carbohydrate and a high-monounsaturated fat, olive oil-rich diet on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.cited 50× |
| high-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) diet | Decreases - lowered | VLDL-cholesterol | Human | free-living individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus | MUFA diet (40% energy from fat, primarily virgin olive oil). | Comparison of a high-carbohydrate and a high-monounsaturated fat, olive oil-rich diet on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.cited 50× |
| high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet | No effect - were similar | HDL-cholesterol levels | Human | free-living individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus | MUFA diet (40% energy from fat, primarily virgin olive oil). | Comparison of a high-carbohydrate and a high-monounsaturated fat, olive oil-rich diet on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.cited 50× |
| high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet | No effect - were similar | LDL-cholesterol levels | Human | free-living individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus | MUFA diet (40% energy from fat, primarily virgin olive oil). | Comparison of a high-carbohydrate and a high-monounsaturated fat, olive oil-rich diet on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.cited 50× |
| high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet | No effect - were similar | total cholesterol levels | Human | free-living individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus | MUFA diet (40% energy from fat, primarily virgin olive oil). | Comparison of a high-carbohydrate and a high-monounsaturated fat, olive oil-rich diet on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.cited 50× |
| low-fat diet supplemented with monounsaturated fat | Decreases - resulted in significantly less high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | subjects with hypercholesterolemia | Low-fat diet (26% of energy from fat) supplemented with olive oil and olive oil-based margarine. | A low-fat diet supplemented with monounsaturated fat results in less HDL-C lowering than a very-low-fat diet.cited 23× |
| low-fat diet supplemented with monounsaturated fat | Decreases - resulted in significant reductions | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | subjects with hypercholesterolemia | Low-fat diet (26% of energy from fat) supplemented with olive oil and olive oil-based margarine. | A low-fat diet supplemented with monounsaturated fat results in less HDL-C lowering than a very-low-fat diet.cited 23× |
| low-fat diet supplemented with monounsaturated fat | Decreases - resulted in significant reductions | total cholesterol | Human | subjects with hypercholesterolemia | Low-fat diet (26% of energy from fat) supplemented with olive oil and olive oil-based margarine. | A low-fat diet supplemented with monounsaturated fat results in less HDL-C lowering than a very-low-fat diet.cited 23× |
| very-low-fat diet | Decreases - resulted in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | subjects with hypercholesterolemia | Low-fat diet (26% of energy from fat) supplemented with olive oil and olive oil-based margarine. | A low-fat diet supplemented with monounsaturated fat results in less HDL-C lowering than a very-low-fat diet.cited 23× |
| very-low-fat diet | Decreases - resulted in significant reductions | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | subjects with hypercholesterolemia | Low-fat diet (26% of energy from fat) supplemented with olive oil and olive oil-based margarine. | A low-fat diet supplemented with monounsaturated fat results in less HDL-C lowering than a very-low-fat diet.cited 23× |
| very-low-fat diet | Decreases - resulted in significant reductions | total cholesterol | Human | subjects with hypercholesterolemia | Low-fat diet (26% of energy from fat) supplemented with olive oil and olive oil-based margarine. | A low-fat diet supplemented with monounsaturated fat results in less HDL-C lowering than a very-low-fat diet.cited 23× |
| oat bran within a practical range of intake added to a fat-modified diet | Decreases - significantly reduces | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | — | 35-50 g oat bran daily. | Effect of an oat bran enriched diet on the atherogenic lipid profile in patients with an increased coronary heart disease risk. A controlled randomized lifestyle intervention study.cited 40× |
| oat bran within a practical range of intake added to a fat-modified diet | Decreases - significantly reduces | total cholesterol | Human | — | 35-50 g oat bran daily. | Effect of an oat bran enriched diet on the atherogenic lipid profile in patients with an increased coronary heart disease risk. A controlled randomized lifestyle intervention study.cited 40× |
| cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | Decreases - greater reductions | fasting serum total cholesterol | Human | hypercholesterolemic adults | 30% of daily energy needs from either CSO or OO, provided via meals and snacks covering ~60% of daily energy requirements. | Blood Lipid Responses to Diets Enriched with Cottonseed Oil Compared With Olive Oil in Adults with High Cholesterol in a Randomized Trial.cited 13× |
| cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | Decreases - greater reductions | LDL cholesterol | Human | hypercholesterolemic adults | 30% of daily energy needs from either CSO or OO, provided via meals and snacks covering ~60% of daily energy requirements. | Blood Lipid Responses to Diets Enriched with Cottonseed Oil Compared With Olive Oil in Adults with High Cholesterol in a Randomized Trial.cited 13× |
| cottonseed oil (CSO; PUFA rich) diet enrichment | Decreases - greater reductions | non-HDL cholesterol | Human | hypercholesterolemic adults | 30% of daily energy needs from either CSO or OO, provided via meals and snacks covering ~60% of daily energy requirements. | Blood Lipid Responses to Diets Enriched with Cottonseed Oil Compared With Olive Oil in Adults with High Cholesterol in a Randomized Trial.cited 13× |
| 8-week diet intervention rich in either cottonseed oil (CSO) or olive oil (OO) | Increases - increases | HDL cholesterol | Human | hypercholesterolemic adults | 30% of daily energy needs from either CSO or OO, provided via meals and snacks covering ~60% of daily energy requirements. | Blood Lipid Responses to Diets Enriched with Cottonseed Oil Compared With Olive Oil in Adults with High Cholesterol in a Randomized Trial.cited 13× |
| 8-week diet intervention rich in either cottonseed oil (CSO) or olive oil (OO) | Decreases - decreases | TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio | Human | hypercholesterolemic adults | 30% of daily energy needs from either CSO or OO, provided via meals and snacks covering ~60% of daily energy requirements. | Blood Lipid Responses to Diets Enriched with Cottonseed Oil Compared With Olive Oil in Adults with High Cholesterol in a Randomized Trial.cited 13× |
| high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL-cholesterol | Human | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | Approximately 1200 mg/d (700 mg from fat-free milk + 500 mg from other dietary sources) for MD; 525 mg/d for CD. | Effect of increased calcium consumption from fat-free milk in an energy-restricted diet on the metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised cross-over clinical trial.cited 11× |
| high-Ca fat-free milk phase (MD) (prescription of approximately 1500 mg of Ca/d) in an energy-restricted diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low habitual Ca consumption (<600 mg/d) | Approximately 1200 mg/d (700 mg from fat-free milk + 500 mg from other dietary sources) for MD; 525 mg/d for CD. | Effect of increased calcium consumption from fat-free milk in an energy-restricted diet on the metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomised cross-over clinical trial.cited 11× |
| conventional diabetes diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL cholesterol | Human | individuals with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | A low-fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, 74-wk clinical trial.cited 283× |
| conventional diabetes diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | individuals with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | A low-fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, 74-wk clinical trial.cited 283× |
| low-fat vegan diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL cholesterol | Human | individuals with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | A low-fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, 74-wk clinical trial.cited 283× |
| low-fat vegan diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | individuals with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | A low-fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, 74-wk clinical trial.cited 283× |
| high-glycemic index diet | Decreases - significantly lowered | LDL cholesterol | Human | type 2 diabetic patients | Preweighed diets with different GIs (specific amounts not detailed). | Improved glycemic control and lipid profile and normalized fibrinolytic activity on a low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetic patients.cited 289× |
| low-glycemic index diet | Decreases - significantly lowered | LDL cholesterol | Human | type 2 diabetic patients | Preweighed diets with different GIs (specific amounts not detailed). | Improved glycemic control and lipid profile and normalized fibrinolytic activity on a low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetic patients.cited 289× |
| low-glycemic index diet | Decreases - significantly more pronounced reduction | LDL cholesterol | Human | type 2 diabetic patients | Preweighed diets with different GIs (specific amounts not detailed). | Improved glycemic control and lipid profile and normalized fibrinolytic activity on a low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetic patients.cited 289× |
| healthy diet with regional foods alongside 1 kg of P. ostreatus per week | Decreases - decreased | cholesterol levels | Human | women | 1 kg of Pleurotus ostreatus per week (four portions of 250 g). | Dietary Supplementation with Oyster Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus (Agaricomycetes), Reduces Visceral Fat and Hyperlipidemia in Inhabitants of a Rural Community in Mexico.cited 1× |
| high-lipid diet | Increases - significantly upregulated | total cholesterol (TC) levels | Animal | zebrafish (Danio rerio) | Not specified | The Potential Role of Intestinal Microbiota on the Intestine-Protective and Lipid-Lowering Effects of Berberine in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Under High-Lipid Stress. |
| HF, high-energy diet of 3 days | Increases - increased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | eleven male volunteers | Not specified (HF yogurt supplement used). | Gastrointestinal transit, post-prandial lipaemia and satiety following 3 days high-fat diet in men.cited 20× |
| HF, high-energy diet of 3 days | Decreases - reduced | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | eleven male volunteers | Not specified (HF yogurt supplement used). | Gastrointestinal transit, post-prandial lipaemia and satiety following 3 days high-fat diet in men.cited 20× |
| HF, high-energy diet of 3 days | Decreases - reduced | total cholesterol | Human | eleven male volunteers | Not specified (HF yogurt supplement used). | Gastrointestinal transit, post-prandial lipaemia and satiety following 3 days high-fat diet in men.cited 20× |
| low-fat diet with >2 prot% increase | Decreases - showed the greatest reduction | cholesterol | Human | participants on a low-fat diet who had increased the percentage energy intake from protein | 600 kcal energy-deficient diets (low-fat: 20-25% fat; high-fat: 40-45% fat). | Change in proportional protein intake in a 10-week energy-restricted low- or high-fat diet, in relation to changes in body size and metabolic factors.cited 6× |
| low-fat diet with >2 prot% increase | Decreases - reduced cholesterol more | cholesterol | Human | obese adults | 600 kcal energy-deficient diets (low-fat: 20-25% fat; high-fat: 40-45% fat). | Change in proportional protein intake in a 10-week energy-restricted low- or high-fat diet, in relation to changes in body size and metabolic factors.cited 6× |
| sumac capsules (3 g/day) with a balanced diet | Decreases - significant decrease | total cholesterol | Human | overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | 3 g/day (capsule form). | The efficacy of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) powder supplementation in biochemical and anthropometric measurements in overweight or obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. |
| Simvastatin treatment with olive oil diet | Decreases - decreased significantly more | LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio | Human | olive oil-group | Not specified for sunflower oil (habitual culinary use). | Olive oil-diet improves the simvastatin effects with respect to sunflower oil-diet in men with increased cardiovascular risk: a preliminary study.cited 10× |
| Simvastatin treatment with olive oil diet | Decreases - decreased more | TC/HDL-cholesterol ratio | Human | olive oil-group | Not specified for sunflower oil (habitual culinary use). | Olive oil-diet improves the simvastatin effects with respect to sunflower oil-diet in men with increased cardiovascular risk: a preliminary study.cited 10× |
| Simvastatin treatment with olive oil diet | Decreases - decreased significantly more | TC/HDL-cholesterol ratio | Human | olive oil-group | Not specified for sunflower oil (habitual culinary use). | Olive oil-diet improves the simvastatin effects with respect to sunflower oil-diet in men with increased cardiovascular risk: a preliminary study.cited 10× |
| high-fat diet intake (40% of energy derived from fat) | Increases - had a greater increase | HDL cholesterol | Human | participants with the G allele | Diets with 20% (low-fat) or 40% (high-fat) of energy derived from fat | APOA5 genotype modulates 2-y changes in lipid profile in response to weight-loss diet intervention: the Pounds Lost Trial.cited 45× |
| low-fat diet intake (20% of energy derived from fat) | Decreases - exhibited greater reductions | LDL cholesterol | Human | carriers of the risk allele (G allele) | Diets with 20% (low-fat) or 40% (high-fat) of energy derived from fat | APOA5 genotype modulates 2-y changes in lipid profile in response to weight-loss diet intervention: the Pounds Lost Trial.cited 45× |
| FRBPH diet | Decreases - lowest | expression levels of hepatic genes for cholesterol biosynthesis HMG-CoAR | Animal | mice on high fat diets | — | Rice bran proteins and their hydrolysates modulate cholesterol metabolism in mice on hypercholesterolemic diets. |
| FRBPH diet | Decreases - lowest | expression levels of hepatic genes for cholesterol biosynthesis SREBP-2 | Animal | mice on high fat diets | — | Rice bran proteins and their hydrolysates modulate cholesterol metabolism in mice on hypercholesterolemic diets. |
| FRBPH diet | Increases - increased | fecal total cholesterol content | Animal | mice on high fat diets | — | Rice bran proteins and their hydrolysates modulate cholesterol metabolism in mice on hypercholesterolemic diets. |
| FRBPH diet | Decreases - reduced | hepatic total cholesterol content | Animal | mice on high fat diets | — | Rice bran proteins and their hydrolysates modulate cholesterol metabolism in mice on hypercholesterolemic diets. |
| FRBPH diet | Decreases - reduced | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content | Animal | mice on high fat diets | — | Rice bran proteins and their hydrolysates modulate cholesterol metabolism in mice on hypercholesterolemic diets. |
| FRBPH diet | Decreases - reduced | Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) content | Animal | mice on high fat diets | — | Rice bran proteins and their hydrolysates modulate cholesterol metabolism in mice on hypercholesterolemic diets. |
| Brazilian Cardioprotective diet (DICA Br) supplemented with 30 g/day of mixed nuts (10 g of peanuts; 10 g of cashew; 10 g of Brazil nuts) | No effect - no significant difference was found | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations | Human | patients with previous myocardial infarction | 30 g/day (10 g peanuts, 10 g cashew, 10 g Brazil nuts). | Effects of mixed nuts as part of a Brazilian Cardioprotective diet on LDL-cholesterol in adult patients after myocardial infarction: a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. |
| WG rye diet | Decreases - lowered | LDL cholesterol | Human | men with MetS risk profile | 280 mg SDG (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside) supplemented with the rye diet at weeks 4-8. | Effects of whole-grain wheat, rye, and lignan supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover trial.cited 62× |
| WG rye diet | Decreases - lowered | total cholesterol | Human | men with MetS risk profile | 280 mg SDG (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside) supplemented with the rye diet at weeks 4-8. | Effects of whole-grain wheat, rye, and lignan supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized crossover trial.cited 62× |
| avocado diet (AV) | Decreases - reduction in non-HDL cholesterol was greater | non-HDL cholesterol | Human | 45 overweight or obese participants with baseline LDL-C in the 25th to 90th percentile | One fresh Hass avocado (136 g) per day. | Effect of a moderate fat diet with and without avocados on lipoprotein particle number, size and subclasses in overweight and obese adults: a randomized, controlled trial.cited 71× |
| lower-fat diet (LF) | Decreases - reduction in non-HDL cholesterol | non-HDL cholesterol | Human | 45 overweight or obese participants with baseline LDL-C in the 25th to 90th percentile | One fresh Hass avocado (136 g) per day. | Effect of a moderate fat diet with and without avocados on lipoprotein particle number, size and subclasses in overweight and obese adults: a randomized, controlled trial.cited 71× |
| moderate-fat diet (MF) | Decreases - reduction in non-HDL cholesterol | non-HDL cholesterol | Human | 45 overweight or obese participants with baseline LDL-C in the 25th to 90th percentile | One fresh Hass avocado (136 g) per day. | Effect of a moderate fat diet with and without avocados on lipoprotein particle number, size and subclasses in overweight and obese adults: a randomized, controlled trial.cited 71× |
| regular diet of Poles (RD) | Increases - featured the highest content | cholesterol | Human | Poles | Not specified | The Change in the Content of Nutrients in Diets Eliminating Products of Animal Origin in Comparison to a Regular Diet from the Area of Middle-Eastern Europe.cited 14× |
| VEGAN diet | Decreases - characterized by the lack | cholesterol | Human | — | Not specified | The Change in the Content of Nutrients in Diets Eliminating Products of Animal Origin in Comparison to a Regular Diet from the Area of Middle-Eastern Europe.cited 14× |
| personalized diet (RISTOMED diet) | Decreases - reduced | plasma levels of cholesterol | Human | 62 healthy persons aged 65-85 years | 2 capsules of VSL#3 per day (specific B12 dosage not specified). | Impact of personalized diet and probiotic supplementation on inflammation, nutritional parameters and intestinal microbiota - The "RISTOMED project": Randomized controlled trial in healthy older people.cited 82× |
| Ideal Protein (IP) system Phase I diet | Decreases - significant between-group differences in change | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | adults with obesity | <30% of daily energy from fat, <7% from saturated fat, 55% from carbohydrate, and an energy deficit of 500 kcal/day. | Effect of ideal protein versus low-fat diet for weight loss: A randomized controlled trial.cited 4× |
| brown rice diet vs. white rice diet | No effect - did not differ in changes of | HDL-cholesterol | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Not specified (dietary intervention with brown rice vs. white rice). | Fiber-rich diet with brown rice improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.cited 46× |
| brown rice diet vs. white rice diet | No effect - did not differ in changes of | LDL-cholesterol | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Not specified (dietary intervention with brown rice vs. white rice). | Fiber-rich diet with brown rice improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.cited 46× |
| brown rice diet vs. white rice diet | No effect - did not differ in changes of | total cholesterol | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Not specified (dietary intervention with brown rice vs. white rice). | Fiber-rich diet with brown rice improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.cited 46× |
| Mediterranean diet supplemented with almonds (MDSA) | Decreases - significant reduction in | LDL-cholesterol levels | Human | 38 women with obesity | Not specified (Mediterranean diet supplemented with almonds). | Positive Effects of a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Almonds on Female Adipose Tissue Biology in Severe Obesity.cited 9× |
| whole-food plant-based diet (PBD) | Decreases - yielded several benefits including a lower intake of | cholesterol | Human | participants with cardiovascular risk factors | Not specified (dietary intervention included eight 90-minute group meetings and two 120-minute cooking sessions). | Does a Plant-Based Diet Stand Out for Its Favorable Composition for Heart Health? Dietary Intake Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 19× |
| whole-food plant-based diet | Decreases - improved | cholesterol levels | Human | 60-year-old man with typical angina and positive stress test | Not specified (diet consisted primarily of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, potatoes, beans, legumes, and nuts). | A Whole-Food Plant-Based Diet Reversed Angina without Medications or Procedures.cited 12× |
| Whole Food Plant-based (WFPB) diet | Decreases - led to significant decreases | total cholesterol | Human | participants referred to a "Food as Prevention" program | Not specified | Implementation of a Whole Food Plant Based Diet in a Food as Prevention Program in a Resource Constrained Environment.cited 2× |
| 15% SPLM diet | Decreases - showed lowers values | serum cholesterol concentration | Animal | Cobb-500 strain broilers finisher chickens | 0% (control), 3.75%, 7.5%, 11.25%, and 15% SPLM in diets. | Antioxidant and antinutritional potentials of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaf meal on the growth performance, economics of production, blood indices, carcass characteristics and histopathology of broiler chickens. |
| low trans alpha-linolenic acid diet | No effect - no change was observed | LDL-cholesterol | Human | healthy European men | Daily intake of 1410 mg (range 583-2642 mg) of trans alpha-linolenic acid in the high-trans group. | Dietary trans alpha-linolenic acid from deodorised rapeseed oil and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men: the TransLinE Study.cited 25× |
| high trans alpha-linolenic acid diet | No effect - No effects were found | HDL-cholesterol | Human | healthy European men | Daily intake of 1410 mg (range 583-2642 mg) of trans alpha-linolenic acid in the high-trans group. | Dietary trans alpha-linolenic acid from deodorised rapeseed oil and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men: the TransLinE Study.cited 25× |
| high trans alpha-linolenic acid diet | Increases - increase | LDL-cholesterol | Human | healthy European men | Daily intake of 1410 mg (range 583-2642 mg) of trans alpha-linolenic acid in the high-trans group. | Dietary trans alpha-linolenic acid from deodorised rapeseed oil and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men: the TransLinE Study.cited 25× |
| high trans alpha-linolenic acid diet | Increases - significantly increased | plasma LDL-:HDL-cholesterol ratio | Human | healthy European men | Daily intake of 1410 mg (range 583-2642 mg) of trans alpha-linolenic acid in the high-trans group. | Dietary trans alpha-linolenic acid from deodorised rapeseed oil and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men: the TransLinE Study.cited 25× |
| high trans alpha-linolenic acid diet | No effect - No effects were found | total cholesterol | Human | healthy European men | Daily intake of 1410 mg (range 583-2642 mg) of trans alpha-linolenic acid in the high-trans group. | Dietary trans alpha-linolenic acid from deodorised rapeseed oil and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men: the TransLinE Study.cited 25× |
| high trans alpha-linolenic acid diet | Increases - significantly increased | total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio | Human | healthy European men | Daily intake of 1410 mg (range 583-2642 mg) of trans alpha-linolenic acid in the high-trans group. | Dietary trans alpha-linolenic acid from deodorised rapeseed oil and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men: the TransLinE Study.cited 25× |
| high-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - induced a decrease | HDL-cholesterol | Human | 59 young subjects (30 men and 29 women) | Not specified. | A Mediterranean and a high-carbohydrate diet improve glucose metabolism in healthy young persons.cited 153× |
| high-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - induced a decrease | LDL-cholesterol | Human | 59 young subjects (30 men and 29 women) | Not specified. | A Mediterranean and a high-carbohydrate diet improve glucose metabolism in healthy young persons.cited 153× |
| Mediterranean diet | Decreases - induced a decrease | HDL-cholesterol | Human | 59 young subjects (30 men and 29 women) | Not specified. | A Mediterranean and a high-carbohydrate diet improve glucose metabolism in healthy young persons.cited 153× |
| Mediterranean diet | Decreases - induced a decrease | LDL-cholesterol | Human | 59 young subjects (30 men and 29 women) | Not specified. | A Mediterranean and a high-carbohydrate diet improve glucose metabolism in healthy young persons.cited 153× |
| high-carbohydrate diet | Increases - increases | HDL-cholesterol | Human | overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes | High-protein diet (30% total energy), high-carbohydrate diet (55% total energy). | The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial.cited 140× |
| high-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decreases | total cholesterol | Human | overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes | High-protein diet (30% total energy), high-carbohydrate diet (55% total energy). | The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial.cited 140× |
| high-protein diet | Increases - increases | HDL-cholesterol | Human | overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes | High-protein diet (30% total energy), high-carbohydrate diet (55% total energy). | The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial.cited 140× |
| high-protein diet | Decreases - decreases | total cholesterol | Human | overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes | High-protein diet (30% total energy), high-carbohydrate diet (55% total energy). | The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial.cited 140× |
| high carbohydrate diet | Increases - an increase in | total cholesterol and triglyceride levels | Animal | male Wistar rats | Not specified | Whole tomato lipidic extract improved sperm quality in obese rats induced by a high-carbohydrate diet.cited 1× |
| higher protein diet (HPD) | Decreases - demonstrated significant decreases | VLDL cholesterol | Human | Mexican adults with MeS | 1.34 g/kg body weight (HPD) vs. 0.8 g/kg body weight (SPD). | Effect of a High-Protein Diet versus Standard-Protein Diet on Weight Loss and Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 59× |
| standard protein diet (SPD) | Decreases - demonstrated significant decreases | VLDL cholesterol | Human | Mexican adults with MeS | 1.34 g/kg body weight (HPD) vs. 0.8 g/kg body weight (SPD). | Effect of a High-Protein Diet versus Standard-Protein Diet on Weight Loss and Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 59× |
| lipid-lowering diet containing olive oil | Decreases - decreased | ratio between low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | hyperlipidemic patients | Not specified (food prepared daily based on individual energy requirements). | Similar effects of rapeseed oil (canola oil) and olive oil in a lipid-lowering diet for patients with hyperlipoproteinemia.cited 32× |
| lipid-lowering diet containing olive oil | Decreases - decreased | total serum cholesterol | Human | hyperlipidemic patients | Not specified (food prepared daily based on individual energy requirements). | Similar effects of rapeseed oil (canola oil) and olive oil in a lipid-lowering diet for patients with hyperlipoproteinemia.cited 32× |
| lipid-lowering diet containing low erucic rapeseed (canola) oil | Decreases - decreased | ratio between low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | hyperlipidemic patients | Not specified (food prepared daily based on individual energy requirements). | Similar effects of rapeseed oil (canola oil) and olive oil in a lipid-lowering diet for patients with hyperlipoproteinemia.cited 32× |
| lipid-lowering diet containing low erucic rapeseed (canola) oil | Decreases - decreased | total serum cholesterol | Human | hyperlipidemic patients | Not specified (food prepared daily based on individual energy requirements). | Similar effects of rapeseed oil (canola oil) and olive oil in a lipid-lowering diet for patients with hyperlipoproteinemia.cited 32× |
| olive oil diet | Decreases - decreased | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | hyperlipidemic patients | Not specified (food prepared daily based on individual energy requirements). | Similar effects of rapeseed oil (canola oil) and olive oil in a lipid-lowering diet for patients with hyperlipoproteinemia.cited 32× |
| diet containing rapeseed oil | Decreases - decreased | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | hyperlipidemic patients | Not specified (food prepared daily based on individual energy requirements). | Similar effects of rapeseed oil (canola oil) and olive oil in a lipid-lowering diet for patients with hyperlipoproteinemia.cited 32× |
| high-fat, high fructose diet (HFFD) | Increases - increased | cholesterol | Animal | offspring | 50 mg/kg FA daily. | Ferulic acid protects rat offspring from maternal high-fat, high-fructose diet-induced toxicity and developmental retardation through a direct effect on pancreatic islets. |
| high fat diet with ethanol exposure | Increases - significantly deteriorated | lipid profiles in serum and liver homogenate including triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol | Animal | ICR mice | — | Hepatoprotective activity of scutellariae radix extract in mice fed a high fat diet with chronic alcohol exposure. |
| ALA diet | Decreases - lowered | LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | 118 men homozygous for FADS1 rs174550 SNP (TT or CC) | 30-50 mL/day of Camelina sativa oil (ALA diet) or sunflower oil (LA diet), adjusted by BMI. | Dietary n-3 alpha-linolenic and n-6 linoleic acids modestly lower serum lipoprotein(a) concentration but differentially influence other atherogenic lipoprotein traits: A randomized trial.cited 5× |
| NCs containing red yeast rice and coenzyme Q10 added to diet | Decreases - a greater reduction | total cholesterol | Human | 52 subjects treated with NCs | Once-daily oral formulation (specific dosage not detailed). | Effect of Monacolin K and COQ10 supplementation in hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic subjects with metabolic syndrome.cited 18× |
| Diet LF (low-fat diet: 53% carbohydrates, 20% proteins, and 27% fats) | Decreases - showed a significant improvement | LDL cholesterol | Human | obese patients with CC genotype of ADIPOQ gene variant rs266729 | High-fat diet (38% fats), low-fat diet (27% fats) | Adiponectin Gene Variant rs266729 Interacts with Different Macronutrient Distribution of Two Different Hypocaloric Diets.cited 6× |
| Diet LF (low-fat diet: 53% carbohydrates, 20% proteins, and 27% fats) | Decreases - showed a significant improvement | total cholesterol levels | Human | obese patients with CC genotype of ADIPOQ gene variant rs266729 | High-fat diet (38% fats), low-fat diet (27% fats) | Adiponectin Gene Variant rs266729 Interacts with Different Macronutrient Distribution of Two Different Hypocaloric Diets.cited 6× |
| moderate aerobic exercise training in addition to diet regimen | Increases - significantly increased | High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-c) | Human | obese patients with NASH | Not specified (intervention involved moderate aerobic exercise and diet regimen). | Biochemical parameters response to weight loss in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.cited 17× |
| moderate aerobic exercise training in addition to diet regimen | Decreases - significantly decreased | Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c) | Human | obese patients with NASH | Not specified (intervention involved moderate aerobic exercise and diet regimen). | Biochemical parameters response to weight loss in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.cited 17× |
| moderate aerobic exercise training in addition to diet regimen | Decreases - significantly decreased | Total Cholesterol (TC) | Human | obese patients with NASH | Not specified (intervention involved moderate aerobic exercise and diet regimen). | Biochemical parameters response to weight loss in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.cited 17× |
| 12-week energy-restricted diet intervention | Decreases - decreased significantly | total cholesterol | Human | MAO women | Not specified (intervention was an energy-restricted diet, not alanine supplementation). | A weight loss diet intervention has a similar beneficial effect on both metabolically abnormal obese and metabolically healthy but obese premenopausal women.cited 31× |
| ≥6-portion/day fruit and vegetable (F&V) diet | Increases - increased | activity of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in HDL3 | Human | obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) | ≥6 portions/day of fruits and vegetables (specific lutein dosage not isolated). | A randomised controlled trial of increasing fruit and vegetable intake and how this influences the carotenoid concentration and activities of PON-1 and LCAT in HDL from subjects with type 2 diabetes.cited 38× |
| yacon flour (340 mg fructooligosaccharide/kg/d) as a diet supplement | Decreases - reverted back to nearly normal | plasma cholesterol levels | Animal | diabetic rats | — | Yacon roots (Smallanthus sonchifolius) improve oxidative stress in diabetic rats.cited 13× |
| moderate-carbohydrate diet with calorie-counting method (MCD-CC) | Decreases - improve | LDL cholesterol | Human | adults with metabolic syndrome | PLCD (25-30% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 40-45% fat); MCD (40-45% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 30-35% fat). | Effect of Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate vs. moderate-carbohydrate diets with portion-control and calorie-counting on CTRP6, asprosin and metabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.cited 7× |
| moderate-carbohydrate diet with calorie-counting method (MCD-CC) | Decreases - improve | total cholesterol | Human | adults with metabolic syndrome | PLCD (25-30% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 40-45% fat); MCD (40-45% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 30-35% fat). | Effect of Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate vs. moderate-carbohydrate diets with portion-control and calorie-counting on CTRP6, asprosin and metabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.cited 7× |
| Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate diet with portion-control method (PLCD-PC) | Decreases - improve | LDL cholesterol | Human | adults with metabolic syndrome | PLCD (25-30% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 40-45% fat); MCD (40-45% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 30-35% fat). | Effect of Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate vs. moderate-carbohydrate diets with portion-control and calorie-counting on CTRP6, asprosin and metabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.cited 7× |
| Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate diet with portion-control method (PLCD-PC) | Decreases - improve | total cholesterol | Human | adults with metabolic syndrome | PLCD (25-30% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 40-45% fat); MCD (40-45% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 30-35% fat). | Effect of Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate vs. moderate-carbohydrate diets with portion-control and calorie-counting on CTRP6, asprosin and metabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.cited 7× |
| Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate diet with calorie-counting method (PLCD-CC) | Decreases - improve | LDL cholesterol | Human | adults with metabolic syndrome | PLCD (25-30% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 40-45% fat); MCD (40-45% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 30-35% fat). | Effect of Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate vs. moderate-carbohydrate diets with portion-control and calorie-counting on CTRP6, asprosin and metabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.cited 7× |
| Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate diet with calorie-counting method (PLCD-CC) | Decreases - improve | total cholesterol | Human | adults with metabolic syndrome | PLCD (25-30% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 40-45% fat); MCD (40-45% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 30-35% fat). | Effect of Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate vs. moderate-carbohydrate diets with portion-control and calorie-counting on CTRP6, asprosin and metabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.cited 7× |
| moderate-carbohydrate diet with portion-control method (MCD-PC) | Decreases - improve | LDL cholesterol | Human | adults with metabolic syndrome | PLCD (25-30% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 40-45% fat); MCD (40-45% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 30-35% fat). | Effect of Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate vs. moderate-carbohydrate diets with portion-control and calorie-counting on CTRP6, asprosin and metabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.cited 7× |
| moderate-carbohydrate diet with portion-control method (MCD-PC) | Decreases - improve | total cholesterol | Human | adults with metabolic syndrome | PLCD (25-30% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 40-45% fat); MCD (40-45% carbohydrate, 30% protein, 30-35% fat). | Effect of Paleolithic-based low-carbohydrate vs. moderate-carbohydrate diets with portion-control and calorie-counting on CTRP6, asprosin and metabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial.cited 7× |
| very-low-fat, plant-based diet | Decreases - showed improvements | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | diet group | Total fat intake averaged ~15% of total calories. | Low-fat, plant-based diet in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial.cited 105× |
| very-low-fat, plant-based diet | Decreases - showed improvements | total cholesterol | Human | diet group | Total fat intake averaged ~15% of total calories. | Low-fat, plant-based diet in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial.cited 105× |
| low-calorie (25% of energy deficit) nuts containing diet (NELCD) | Decreases - reduced significantly | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | stable CAD patients who were overweight or obese | Not specified (nuts included as part of a 25% energy-deficit diet). | A calorie-restricted diet with nuts favourably raises plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in overweight and obese patients with stable coronary heart disease: A randomised controlled trial.cited 7× |
| low-calorie (25% of energy deficit) nuts containing diet (NELCD) | Increases - increased significantly | plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol | Human | stable CAD patients who were overweight or obese | Not specified (nuts included as part of a 25% energy-deficit diet). | A calorie-restricted diet with nuts favourably raises plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in overweight and obese patients with stable coronary heart disease: A randomised controlled trial.cited 7× |
| low-calorie (25% of energy deficit) nuts containing diet (NELCD) | Decreases - reduced significantly | total cholesterol | Human | stable CAD patients who were overweight or obese | Not specified (nuts included as part of a 25% energy-deficit diet). | A calorie-restricted diet with nuts favourably raises plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in overweight and obese patients with stable coronary heart disease: A randomised controlled trial.cited 7× |
| nut-free energy-restricted diet (NFLCD) | Decreases - reduced significantly | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | stable CAD patients who were overweight or obese | Not specified (nuts included as part of a 25% energy-deficit diet). | A calorie-restricted diet with nuts favourably raises plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in overweight and obese patients with stable coronary heart disease: A randomised controlled trial.cited 7× |
| nut-free energy-restricted diet (NFLCD) | Decreases - reduced significantly | total cholesterol | Human | stable CAD patients who were overweight or obese | Not specified (nuts included as part of a 25% energy-deficit diet). | A calorie-restricted diet with nuts favourably raises plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in overweight and obese patients with stable coronary heart disease: A randomised controlled trial.cited 7× |
| low-glycemic index diet | Decreases - greater reductions in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | women with PCOS | Not specified | Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review to inform evidence-based guidelines.cited 143× |
| low-glycemic index diet | Decreases - greater reductions in total cholesterol | total cholesterol | Human | women with PCOS | Not specified | Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review to inform evidence-based guidelines.cited 143× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - greater reductions in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | women with PCOS | Not specified | Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review to inform evidence-based guidelines.cited 143× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - greater reductions in total cholesterol | total cholesterol | Human | women with PCOS | Not specified | Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review to inform evidence-based guidelines.cited 143× |
| low-glycemic index (GI) diet | No effect - did not show important differences | total cholesterol triglycerides | Human | subjects with well-controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and normal lipid profile | Not specified (diets were matched for macronutrient composition and fiber). | Low-glycemic index foods improve long-term glycemic control in NIDDM.cited 209× |
| whole-grain (WG) diet | Decreases - were lower | HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese individuals with increased waist circumference and one or more other MetS criteria | Not specified | Effects of whole and refined grains in a weight-loss diet on markers of metabolic syndrome in individuals with increased waist circumference: a randomized controlled-feeding trial.cited 54× |
| whole-grain (WG) diet | No effect - effect was no longer significant | HDL-cholesterol | Human | compliant individuals | Not specified | Effects of whole and refined grains in a weight-loss diet on markers of metabolic syndrome in individuals with increased waist circumference: a randomized controlled-feeding trial.cited 54× |
| Western diet (WD) | Increases - increased | blood LDL cholesterol levels | AnimalMolecular | Male mice | 1% SCE in diet for mice; non-toxic concentrations of SA for HepG2 cells (specific amounts not provided). | Schisandrin A in Schisandra chinensis Upregulates the LDL Receptor by Inhibiting PCSK9 Protein Stabilization in Steatotic Model. |
| Western diet | Increases - the most significant changes involve | Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress, cholesterol biosynthesis, and fatty acid metabolism | Animal | mice | Not specified | Cisd2 Protects the Liver from Oxidative Stress and Ameliorates Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.cited 15× |
| western diet | Increases - elevated | plasma glucose and cholesterol levels | Animal | C57BL/6J (WT) mice | Not specified | Lymphatic Valve Dysfunction in Western Diet-Fed Mice: New Insights Into Obesity-Induced Lymphedema.cited 12× |
| diet alone | Increases | LDL cholesterol | Human | subjects with baseline LDL cholesterol in the 50th to 95th percentile | 28 g (1 oz) twice daily | Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of oat bran in hypercholesterolemic subjects.cited 30× |
| diet alone | Increases | total cholesterol | Human | subjects with baseline LDL cholesterol in the 50th to 95th percentile | 28 g (1 oz) twice daily | Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of oat bran in hypercholesterolemic subjects.cited 30× |
| addition of oat bran to their diet | No effect - showed essentially no increased benefit from | cholesterol levels | Human | Women under the age of 50 years | 28 g (1 oz) twice daily | Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of oat bran in hypercholesterolemic subjects.cited 30× |
| addition of oat bran (28 g [1 oz] twice daily) to the AHA-I diet | Decreases - provided significant added benefit in lowering | LDL cholesterol | Human | most hypercholesterolemic subjects | 28 g (1 oz) twice daily | Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of oat bran in hypercholesterolemic subjects.cited 30× |
| addition of oat bran (28 g [1 oz] twice daily) to the AHA-I diet | Decreases - provided significant added benefit in lowering | total cholesterol | Human | most hypercholesterolemic subjects | 28 g (1 oz) twice daily | Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of oat bran in hypercholesterolemic subjects.cited 30× |
| modified diet containing oat bran | Decreases - significantly more responsive to | Cholesterol levels | Human | older women | 28 g (1 oz) twice daily | Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of oat bran in hypercholesterolemic subjects.cited 30× |
| fasting mimicking diet (FMD) | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | patients with MASLD | 30 g/day of flaxseed powder. | Effectiveness of flaxseed consumption and fasting mimicking diet on anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, and hepatic features in patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): a randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 2× |
| soy foods diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | postmenopausal women | Diets were equivalent in energy, protein, and fat, with at least 80% of protein from dairy. | The effect of dietary protein source on serum lipids: Secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial.cited 6× |
| nonsoy plant-based diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | postmenopausal women | Diets were equivalent in energy, protein, and fat, with at least 80% of protein from dairy. | The effect of dietary protein source on serum lipids: Secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial.cited 6× |
| LCT-diet over 5weeks | Increases - accumulated significantly higher | blood cholesterol concentrations | Animal | VLCAD-knock-out (KO) mice | Not specified (MCT diet and MCT-bolus, exact amounts not detailed). | Medium-chain triglycerides impair lipid metabolism and induce hepatic steatosis in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD)-deficient mice.cited 37× |
| Acha diet | Decreases - reversed | obesity-induced increase in heart cholesterol and phospholipids | Animal | obese rats | — | Effects of fibre-enriched diets on tissue lipid profiles of MSG obese rats. |
| Maize diet | No effect - did not reverse | increased cholesterol level in kidney | Animal | obese rats | — | Effects of fibre-enriched diets on tissue lipid profiles of MSG obese rats. |
| coconut oil included in the isoenergetic balanced diet | Increases - could increase | HDL cholesterol | Human | men with obesity | 1 tablespoon (12 mL) daily | Effect of coconut oil on weight loss and metabolic parameters in men with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 17× |
| coconut oil included in the isoenergetic balanced diet | Decreases - decrease | TC/HDL cholesterol ratio | Human | men with obesity | 1 tablespoon (12 mL) daily | Effect of coconut oil on weight loss and metabolic parameters in men with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 17× |
| low-protein diet (LPD) plus inulin | Decreases - lower | total serum cholesterol | Human | CKD patients | LPD (0.6 g/kg/day) plus inulin (19 g/day) for the intervention group; LPD alone for controls. | Prebiotic Therapy with Inulin Associated with Low Protein Diet in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Evaluation of Nutritional, Cardiovascular and Psychocognitive Parameters.cited 16× |
| olive oil diet rich in MUFA, but with a low ALA content | Decreases - significant decreases | LDL-cholesterol | Human | eighty-one patients with the metabolic syndrome | ALA intake of 3.5 g/day via rapeseed oil. | Effects of a rapeseed oil-enriched hypoenergetic diet with a high content of α-linolenic acid on body weight and cardiovascular risk profile in patients with the metabolic syndrome.cited 71× |
| olive oil diet rich in MUFA, but with a low ALA content | Decreases - significant decreases | total cholesterol | Human | eighty-one patients with the metabolic syndrome | ALA intake of 3.5 g/day via rapeseed oil. | Effects of a rapeseed oil-enriched hypoenergetic diet with a high content of α-linolenic acid on body weight and cardiovascular risk profile in patients with the metabolic syndrome.cited 71× |
| hypoenergetic diet with low energy density enriched in rapeseed oil, resulting in high MUFA content and an ALA intake of 3.5 g/d | Decreases - significant decreases | LDL-cholesterol | Human | eighty-one patients with the metabolic syndrome | ALA intake of 3.5 g/day via rapeseed oil. | Effects of a rapeseed oil-enriched hypoenergetic diet with a high content of α-linolenic acid on body weight and cardiovascular risk profile in patients with the metabolic syndrome.cited 71× |
| hypoenergetic diet with low energy density enriched in rapeseed oil, resulting in high MUFA content and an ALA intake of 3.5 g/d | Decreases - significant decreases | total cholesterol | Human | eighty-one patients with the metabolic syndrome | ALA intake of 3.5 g/day via rapeseed oil. | Effects of a rapeseed oil-enriched hypoenergetic diet with a high content of α-linolenic acid on body weight and cardiovascular risk profile in patients with the metabolic syndrome.cited 71× |
| low carbohydrate/high fat (LCHF) diet | Increases - increased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | young and healthy adults | Less than 20g carbohydrates per day. | Effect of low carbohydrate high fat diet on LDL cholesterol and gene expression in normal-weight, young adults: A randomized controlled study.cited 63× |
| low carbohydrate/high fat (LCHF) diet | Increases - increased | plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | young and healthy adults | Less than 20g carbohydrates per day. | Effect of low carbohydrate high fat diet on LDL cholesterol and gene expression in normal-weight, young adults: A randomized controlled study.cited 63× |
| low carbohydrate/high fat (LCHF) diet | Increases - increased | total cholesterol | Human | young and healthy adults | Less than 20g carbohydrates per day. | Effect of low carbohydrate high fat diet on LDL cholesterol and gene expression in normal-weight, young adults: A randomized controlled study.cited 63× |
| flaxseed added to a weight loss diet | Decreases - improvement | levels of total cholesterol | Human | men with cardiovascular risk factors | 60g of flaxseed powder per day. | Impact of weight loss diet associated with flaxseed on inflammatory markers in men with cardiovascular risk factors: a clinical study.cited 43× |
| high-protein diet | Increases - affected | plasma total cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels | Animal | rats | 30% high-protein diet; resveratrol dosage not specified. | Effects of High-Protein Diet and/or Resveratrol Supplementation on the Immune Response of Irradiated Rats.cited 11× |
| high-protein and low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decreased | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | non-T-allele carriers (GG genotype) | Not specified | The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus rs1501299 on metabolic parameters after 9 mo of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet.cited 11× |
| high-protein and low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decreased | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | T-allele carriers (GT and TT genotypes) | Not specified | The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus rs1501299 on metabolic parameters after 9 mo of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet.cited 11× |
| high-protein and low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol levels | Human | non-T-allele carriers (GG genotype) | Not specified | The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus rs1501299 on metabolic parameters after 9 mo of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet.cited 11× |
| high-protein and low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol levels | Human | T-allele carriers (GT and TT genotypes) | Not specified | The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus rs1501299 on metabolic parameters after 9 mo of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet.cited 11× |
| standard severe hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | non-T-allele carriers (GG genotype) | Not specified | The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus rs1501299 on metabolic parameters after 9 mo of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet.cited 11× |
| standard severe hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | T-allele carriers (GT and TT genotypes) | Not specified | The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus rs1501299 on metabolic parameters after 9 mo of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet.cited 11× |
| standard severe hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol levels | Human | non-T-allele carriers (GG genotype) | Not specified | The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus rs1501299 on metabolic parameters after 9 mo of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet.cited 11× |
| standard severe hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol levels | Human | T-allele carriers (GT and TT genotypes) | Not specified | The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus rs1501299 on metabolic parameters after 9 mo of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate versus a standard hypocaloric diet.cited 11× |
| St. John's wort (SJW) extract-supplemented diet | Decreases - decrease | serum cholesterol levels | Animal | azoxymethane-treated mice | Not specified in the abstract. | St. John's Wort Attenuates Colorectal Carcinogenesis in Mice through Suppression of Inflammatory Signaling.cited 9× |
| aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated diet | Increases - higher | cholesterol | Animal | chickens | 100 ppm and 300 ppm Aloe vera powder mixed into feed | Protective effects of Aloe vera powder supplementation on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of egg, histopathological changes and serum biochemistry of laying hens fed by Aflatoxin B1.cited 1× |
| living food (LF) diet | Decreases - lowered | cholesterol concentration | Human | subjects eating living food | Not specified | Vegan diet in physiological health promotion.cited 9× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Increases - Cholesterol increased slightly | Cholesterol | Human | 23 obese adult women | Not specified (participants followed a typical 7-day meal plan with flexibility). | Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Ketogenesis Metabolic Stimulation and Regulation of NLRP3 Ubiquitination in Obese Saudi Women.cited 2× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Increases - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased slightly | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | 23 obese adult women | Not specified (participants followed a typical 7-day meal plan with flexibility). | Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Ketogenesis Metabolic Stimulation and Regulation of NLRP3 Ubiquitination in Obese Saudi Women.cited 2× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Increases - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum increased significantly | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum | Human | 23 obese adult women | Not specified (participants followed a typical 7-day meal plan with flexibility). | Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Ketogenesis Metabolic Stimulation and Regulation of NLRP3 Ubiquitination in Obese Saudi Women.cited 2× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Decreases - decreased | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) | Human | women diagnosed with PCOS | Not specified | The effects of ketogenic diet on metabolic and hormonal parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.cited 1× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | women diagnosed with PCOS | Not specified | The effects of ketogenic diet on metabolic and hormonal parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.cited 1× |
| ketogenic diet (KD) | Increases - increases | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | humans | Not Assessed | Novel Nutritional and Dietary Approaches to Weight Loss for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Ketogenic Diet, Intermittent Fasting, and Bariatric Surgery.cited 8× |
| orlistat therapy combined with a low-fat diet (O + LFD) | Increases - improved similarly within both groups | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | Overweight or obese outpatients from the Department of Veterans Affairs primary care clinics in Durham, North Carolina | Low-fat diet (<30% energy from fat, 500-1000 kcal/d deficit) combined with orlistat (120 mg orally 3 times daily). | A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet vs orlistat plus a low-fat diet for weight loss.cited 110× |
| orlistat therapy combined with a low-fat diet (O + LFD) | Decreases - improved within the O + LFD group only | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | Overweight or obese outpatients from the Department of Veterans Affairs primary care clinics in Durham, North Carolina | Low-fat diet (<30% energy from fat, 500-1000 kcal/d deficit) combined with orlistat (120 mg orally 3 times daily). | A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet vs orlistat plus a low-fat diet for weight loss.cited 110× |
| low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (LCKD) | Increases - improved similarly within both groups | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | Overweight or obese outpatients from the Department of Veterans Affairs primary care clinics in Durham, North Carolina | Low-fat diet (<30% energy from fat, 500-1000 kcal/d deficit) combined with orlistat (120 mg orally 3 times daily). | A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet vs orlistat plus a low-fat diet for weight loss.cited 110× |
| buckwheat sprouts (BS) diet (5% or 10%) | Increases - were higher than | hepatic gene expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) | Animal | type 2 diabetic mice (db/db) | — | Effects of buckwheat sprouts on plasma and hepatic parameters in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. |
| buckwheat sprouts (BS) diet (5% or 10%) | Decreases - were lower than | hepatic total cholesterol | Animal | type 2 diabetic mice (db/db) | — | Effects of buckwheat sprouts on plasma and hepatic parameters in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. |
| buckwheat sprouts (BS) diet (5% or 10%) | Decreases - were lower than | plasma total cholesterol | Animal | type 2 diabetic mice (db/db) | — | Effects of buckwheat sprouts on plasma and hepatic parameters in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. |
| full-fat dairy diet | No effect - no intervention effect | fasting serum total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol; triglycerides; free fatty acids; or cholesterol content in 38 isolated plasma lipoprotein fractions | Human | participants with metabolic syndrome | 3.3 servings/day of low-fat or full-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese. | Impact of low-fat and full-fat dairy foods on fasting lipid profile and blood pressure: exploratory endpoints of a randomized controlled trial.cited 27× |
| low-fat dairy diet | No effect - no intervention effect | fasting serum total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol; triglycerides; free fatty acids; or cholesterol content in 38 isolated plasma lipoprotein fractions | Human | participants with metabolic syndrome | 3.3 servings/day of low-fat or full-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese. | Impact of low-fat and full-fat dairy foods on fasting lipid profile and blood pressure: exploratory endpoints of a randomized controlled trial.cited 27× |
| limited-dairy diet | No effect - no intervention effect | fasting serum total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol; triglycerides; free fatty acids; or cholesterol content in 38 isolated plasma lipoprotein fractions | Human | participants with metabolic syndrome | 3.3 servings/day of low-fat or full-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese. | Impact of low-fat and full-fat dairy foods on fasting lipid profile and blood pressure: exploratory endpoints of a randomized controlled trial.cited 27× |
| Gluten free diet (GFD) | No effect - showed no effects | LDL cholesterol | Human | subjects diagnosed with MES | Not specified | The Effect of Gluten Free Diet on Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 22× |
| Gluten free diet (GFD) | No effect - showed no effects | total cholesterol | Human | subjects diagnosed with MES | Not specified | The Effect of Gluten Free Diet on Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 22× |
| gluten-free diet (GFD) | No effect - failed to normalize | LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels | Human | children with T1DM and CD | Not specified | Whole lipid profile and not only HDL cholesterol is impaired in children with coexisting type 1 diabetes and untreated celiac disease.cited 16× |
| gluten-free diet | Increases - increase | total cholesterol | Human | patients with celiac disease | Not Assessed | Effect of the gluten-free diet on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with coeliac disease: A systematic review.cited 55× |
| lactoovovegetarian diet | Decreases - A decrease in the levels | cholesterol | Human | 20 patients with dyslipoproteinemia type IIa and IIb | Not specified | [Feasibility of correcting lipid metabolism in patients with cardiovascular diseases using a balanced vegetarian diet]. |
| low-fat diet (LFD) | No effect - did not differ | LDL-cholesterol | Human | — | LFD aimed for 55-60 energy per cent (E%) from carbohydrates. | In type 2 diabetes, randomisation to advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet transiently improves glycaemic control compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet producing a similar weight loss.cited 132× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Increases - had increased | HDL-cholesterol | Human | — | LFD aimed for 55-60 energy per cent (E%) from carbohydrates. | In type 2 diabetes, randomisation to advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet transiently improves glycaemic control compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet producing a similar weight loss.cited 132× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | No effect - did not differ | LDL-cholesterol | Human | — | LFD aimed for 55-60 energy per cent (E%) from carbohydrates. | In type 2 diabetes, randomisation to advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet transiently improves glycaemic control compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet producing a similar weight loss.cited 132× |
| low-fat diet | Decreases - significantly lower | serum cholesterol concentrations | Animal | Miniature Schnauzer with hypertriglyceridemia | Not specified (commercially available low-fat diet). | Effect of a low-fat diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriglyceridemia.cited 14× |
| low-fat diet | Decreases - effective in reducing | serum cholesterol concentrations | Animal | Miniature Schnauzer with hypertriglyceridemia | Not specified (commercially available low-fat diet). | Effect of a low-fat diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriglyceridemia.cited 14× |
| low-fat diet | Decreases - changed more favorably | Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values | Human | participants randomized to low-fat diets | Not specified | Effects of low-fat diet on serum lipids in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 15× |
| low-fat diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol levels | Human | wild-type group (G1359G) | Not specified | Role of G1359A polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene on weight loss and adipocytokines levels after two different hypocaloric diets.cited 5× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol levels | Human | wild-type group (G1359G) | Not specified | Role of G1359A polymorphism of the cannabinoid receptor gene on weight loss and adipocytokines levels after two different hypocaloric diets.cited 5× |
| 60 g soy nut diet for 8 weeks | Decreases - significantly decreased | total serum cholesterol | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes | 60 g soy nut daily as part of daily protein intake. | The effect of soy nut on serum total antioxidant, endothelial function and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.cited 16× |
| hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern enriched in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) | Decreases - improved | LDL cholesterol | Human | 362 Caucasian patients with obesity | Not specified. | APOA-5 genetic variant and a hypocaloric diet enriched in ω-6 fatty acids with Mediterranean pattern. |
| hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern enriched in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) | Decreases - improved | total cholesterol | Human | 362 Caucasian patients with obesity | Not specified. | APOA-5 genetic variant and a hypocaloric diet enriched in ω-6 fatty acids with Mediterranean pattern. |
| DF diet | No effect - did not reduce | cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio | Human | hyperlipidaemic subjects | Not specified | Replacing dairy fat with rapeseed oil causes rapid improvement of hyperlipidaemia: a randomized controlled study.cited 58× |
| DF diet | No effect - did not reduce | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | hyperlipidaemic subjects | Not specified | Replacing dairy fat with rapeseed oil causes rapid improvement of hyperlipidaemia: a randomized controlled study.cited 58× |
| DF diet | No effect - did not reduce | serum cholesterol | Human | hyperlipidaemic subjects | Not specified | Replacing dairy fat with rapeseed oil causes rapid improvement of hyperlipidaemia: a randomized controlled study.cited 58× |
| RO diet | Decreases - reduced | cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio | Human | hyperlipidaemic subjects | Not specified | Replacing dairy fat with rapeseed oil causes rapid improvement of hyperlipidaemia: a randomized controlled study.cited 58× |
| RO diet | No effect - did not change | HDL cholesterol | Human | hyperlipidaemic subjects | Not specified | Replacing dairy fat with rapeseed oil causes rapid improvement of hyperlipidaemia: a randomized controlled study.cited 58× |
| RO diet | Decreases - reduced | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | hyperlipidaemic subjects | Not specified | Replacing dairy fat with rapeseed oil causes rapid improvement of hyperlipidaemia: a randomized controlled study.cited 58× |
| RO diet | Decreases - reduced | serum cholesterol | Human | hyperlipidaemic subjects | Not specified | Replacing dairy fat with rapeseed oil causes rapid improvement of hyperlipidaemia: a randomized controlled study.cited 58× |
| methionine choline-deficient diet (MCDD) | Increases - increased | hepatic cholesterol | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | Not specified (diet enriched with olive oil). | Monounsaturated fat decreases hepatic lipid content in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.cited 66× |
| rapeseed oil diet | Increases - was higher | HDL(2a) cholesterol | Human | Eighteen young, healthy men | 50 g of oil per 10 MJ incorporated into a constant diet | An olive oil-rich diet results in higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol and a higher number of LDL subfraction particles than rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diets.cited 53× |
| olive oil diet | Increases - was higher | HDL(2a) cholesterol | Human | Eighteen young, healthy men | 50 g of oil per 10 MJ incorporated into a constant diet | An olive oil-rich diet results in higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol and a higher number of LDL subfraction particles than rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diets.cited 53× |
| olive oil diet | Increases - were 10;-20% higher | Plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein B, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations | Human | Eighteen young, healthy men | 50 g of oil per 10 MJ incorporated into a constant diet | An olive oil-rich diet results in higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol and a higher number of LDL subfraction particles than rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diets.cited 53× |
| olive oil diet | No effect - did not differ significantly | Total HDL cholesterol concentration | Human | Eighteen young, healthy men | 50 g of oil per 10 MJ incorporated into a constant diet | An olive oil-rich diet results in higher concentrations of LDL cholesterol and a higher number of LDL subfraction particles than rapeseed oil and sunflower oil diets.cited 53× |
| addition of safflower oil to the diet | Decreases - were significantly lower | LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | six men and six women | 21 g safflower oil daily (providing 16 g LA/d). | Safflower oil consumption does not increase plasma conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in humans.cited 43× |
| addition of safflower oil to the diet | Decreases - were significantly lower | plasma total cholesterol concentrations | Human | six men and six women | 21 g safflower oil daily (providing 16 g LA/d). | Safflower oil consumption does not increase plasma conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in humans.cited 43× |
| energy-restricted anti-inflammatory diet | Decreases - reducing | total cholesterol | Human | younger adults with obesity | Not specified | Metabolic and Hepatic Effects of Energy-Reduced Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Younger Adults with Obesity.cited 16× |
| low-fat, high carbohydrate (LFHC) diet | Increases - significant increase | HDL cholesterol | Human | 10 patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia | Approximately 60% of energy as carbohydrate (isocaloric diet). | Long-term effect of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on plasma lipids of patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia.cited 22× |
| low-fat, high carbohydrate (LFHC) diet | Increases - increased | LDL cholesterol | Human | 10 patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia | Approximately 60% of energy as carbohydrate (isocaloric diet). | Long-term effect of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on plasma lipids of patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia.cited 22× |
| low-fat, high carbohydrate (LFHC) diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | Total plasma cholesterol levels | Human | 10 patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia | Approximately 60% of energy as carbohydrate (isocaloric diet). | Long-term effect of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on plasma lipids of patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia.cited 22× |
| low-fat, high carbohydrate (LFHC) diet | Decreases - decrease | VLDL cholesterol | Human | 10 patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia | Approximately 60% of energy as carbohydrate (isocaloric diet). | Long-term effect of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on plasma lipids of patients affected by familial endogenous hypertriglyceridemia.cited 22× |
| low-fat, high-carbohydrate (CARB) diet | Decreases - falls | HDL cholesterol | Human | forty healthy subjects | Not specified (diet contained at least 25 g of relevant fat or was low-fat, high-carbohydrate) | Flow-mediated dilatation is impaired by a high-saturated fat diet but not by a high-carbohydrate diet.cited 121× |
| ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phyoextracts (KEMEPHY) | Decreases - significant decrease | total cholesterol | Human | overweight women with diagnosis of PCOS | Not specified (ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phyoextracts). | Effects of a ketogenic diet in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome.cited 148× |
| VLCFA-restricted Mediterranean diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | cholesterol | Human | compliant adult patients | Not specified | Nutritional Counseling and Mediterranean Diet in Adrenoleukodystrophy: A Real-Life Experience.cited 2× |
| step 1 diet | Decreases - dropped | total cholesterol | Human | 58 male patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia | Not specified (incorporated into diet as breakfast cereals). | Cholesterol-lowering effects of soluble-fiber cereals as part of a prudent diet for patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.cited 59× |
| a vegan diet | Decreases - a nonsignificant 13% reduction | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | participants with coronary artery disease | Not specified (dietary intervention with provided groceries and counseling). | Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Vegan Diet Versus the American Heart Association-Recommended Diet in Coronary Artery Disease Trial.cited 126× |
| diet control alone | Decreases - appears to significantly reduce | total cholesterol and triglyceride levels | Human | — | Not specified | Assessing the independent effect of dietary counseling and hypolipidemic medications on serum lipids.cited 7× |
| regular-fat cheese diet | No effect - was not significantly different | HDL cholesterol | Human | subjects with ≥2 MetS risk factors | 80 g cheese/10 MJ daily for REG and RED groups; 90 g bread and 25 g jam/10 MJ daily for CHO group. | High intake of regular-fat cheese compared with reduced-fat cheese does not affect LDL cholesterol or risk markers of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.cited 48× |
| regular-fat cheese diet | Increases - tended to be higher | HDL cholesterol | Human | subjects with ≥2 MetS risk factors | 80 g cheese/10 MJ daily for REG and RED groups; 90 g bread and 25 g jam/10 MJ daily for CHO group. | High intake of regular-fat cheese compared with reduced-fat cheese does not affect LDL cholesterol or risk markers of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.cited 48× |
| regular-fat cheese diet | No effect - was not significantly different | LDL cholesterol | Human | subjects with ≥2 MetS risk factors | 80 g cheese/10 MJ daily for REG and RED groups; 90 g bread and 25 g jam/10 MJ daily for CHO group. | High intake of regular-fat cheese compared with reduced-fat cheese does not affect LDL cholesterol or risk markers of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.cited 48× |
| regular-fat cheese diet | No effect - was not significantly different | LDL cholesterol | Human | subjects with ≥2 MetS risk factors | 80 g cheese/10 MJ daily for REG and RED groups; 90 g bread and 25 g jam/10 MJ daily for CHO group. | High intake of regular-fat cheese compared with reduced-fat cheese does not affect LDL cholesterol or risk markers of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.cited 48× |
| healthy low-carbohydrate diet achieved through behavioral intervention and key food supplementation | No effect - differences between groups in 6-month changes | total-to-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio | Human | participants | <40g net carbohydrates for the first 3 months, <40-60g net carbohydrates for months 3-6. | Low-carbohydrate dietary pattern on glycemic outcomes trial (ADEPT) among individuals with elevated hemoglobin A1c: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.cited 2× |
| consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet capable of inducing nutritional ketosis over 2 years (continuous care intervention, CCI) | Increases - was attributed to | larger cholesterol-enriched LDL particles | Human | CCI group | Not specified | Impact of a 2-year trial of nutritional ketosis on indices of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.cited 40× |
| consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet capable of inducing nutritional ketosis over 2 years (continuous care intervention, CCI) | Increases - resulted in | low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) | Not specified | Impact of a 2-year trial of nutritional ketosis on indices of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.cited 40× |
| modified-fat diet high in monounsaturated fat | No effect - were not significantly different | concentrations of total cholesterol | Human | Thirty healthy, free-living, nonsmoking men and women from the Melbourne, Australia, metropolitan region | Not specified | Diet high in monounsaturated fat does not have a different effect on arterial elasticity than a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.cited 11× |
| modified-fat diet high in monounsaturated fat | Increases - was significantly higher | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration | Human | Thirty healthy, free-living, nonsmoking men and women from the Melbourne, Australia, metropolitan region | Not specified | Diet high in monounsaturated fat does not have a different effect on arterial elasticity than a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.cited 11× |
| modified-fat diet high in monounsaturated fat | No effect - were not significantly different | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | Thirty healthy, free-living, nonsmoking men and women from the Melbourne, Australia, metropolitan region | Not specified | Diet high in monounsaturated fat does not have a different effect on arterial elasticity than a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.cited 11× |
| coconut oil-based diet | Increases - significant increases | plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | Nine healthy male volunteers with BMI ≤25 kg/m² | Not specified | Coconut oil consumption improves fat-free mass, plasma HDL-cholesterol and insulin sensitivity in healthy men with normal BMI compared to peanut oil.cited 23× |
| high-BCAA diet | Increases - significantly increased expression | cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) | AnimalMolecular | wild-type mice | High-BCAA diet (specific dosage not detailed in abstract). | Branched-chain amino acids promote hepatic Cyp7a1 expression and bile acid synthesis via suppressing FGF21-ERK pathway.cited 2× |
| olive leaf extract (OLE) supplementation in adjunct with a weight loss diet | Increases - elevated | serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | obese women | Not specified | Olive Leaf Extract Supplementation Combined with Calorie-Restricted Diet on Reducing Body Weight and Fat Mass in Obese Women: Result of a Randomized Control Trial.cited 5× |
| olive leaf extract (OLE) supplementation in adjunct with a weight loss diet | Decreases - significantly decreased | serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | obese women | Not specified | Olive Leaf Extract Supplementation Combined with Calorie-Restricted Diet on Reducing Body Weight and Fat Mass in Obese Women: Result of a Randomized Control Trial.cited 5× |
| olive leaf extract (OLE) supplementation in adjunct with a weight loss diet | Decreases - significantly decreased | serum levels of total cholesterol | Human | obese women | Not specified | Olive Leaf Extract Supplementation Combined with Calorie-Restricted Diet on Reducing Body Weight and Fat Mass in Obese Women: Result of a Randomized Control Trial.cited 5× |
| vegan diet | Increases - improves significantly | cholesterol control | Human | 21 (11 female,10 male) healthy participants | Individual caloric needs met; exact amounts not specified. | A 48-Hour Vegan Diet Challenge in Healthy Women and Men Induces a BRANCH-Chain Amino Acid Related, Health Associated, Metabolic Signature.cited 24× |
| vegan diet | Decreases - lower | cholesterol intake | Human | vegan children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years | Not specified | Health aspects of vegan diets among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses.cited 10× |
| vegan diet | Decreases - reduce | cholesterol levels | Human | — | Not specified | The Effect of a Vegan Diet on the Health Indicators and Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. |
| vegan diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL-cholesterol | Human | participants with no medication changes | Not specified | A Mediterranean Diet and Low-Fat Vegan Diet to Improve Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized, Cross-over Trial.cited 76× |
| vegan diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | participants with no medication changes | Not specified | A Mediterranean Diet and Low-Fat Vegan Diet to Improve Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized, Cross-over Trial.cited 76× |
| Mediterranean diet | No effect - no significant change | LDL-cholesterol | Human | participants with no medication changes | Not specified | A Mediterranean Diet and Low-Fat Vegan Diet to Improve Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized, Cross-over Trial.cited 76× |
| Mediterranean diet | No effect - no significant change | total cholesterol | Human | participants with no medication changes | Not specified | A Mediterranean Diet and Low-Fat Vegan Diet to Improve Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Randomized, Cross-over Trial.cited 76× |
| vegan diet | Decreases - significantly lower | total cholesterol levels | Human | community-dwelling older adults | Not specified beyond dietary composition (60% animal protein in omnivorous diet). | A Well-Balanced Vegan Diet Does not Compromise Daily Mixed Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates when Compared with an Omnivorous Diet in Active Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial.cited 2× |
| updated American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention and ad libitum diet | Increases - rose | serum total cholesterol | Human | female BC survivors | Not specified | Serum antioxidant capacity, biochemical profile and body composition of breast cancer survivors in a randomized Mediterranean dietary intervention study.cited 42× |
| hemp protein supplementation within a Mediterranean diet context together with exercise | Decreases - statistically significant changes | total cholesterol | Human | patients prone to developing metabolic syndrome | Not specified | Mediterranean Diet Combined with Regular Aerobic Exercise and Hemp Protein Supplementation Modulates Plasma Circulating Amino Acids and Improves the Health Status of Overweight Individuals. |
| feeding with high fat/high cholesterol (HF/HC) diet in HSLiKO mice | Increases - increased | plasma cholesterol concentrations | Animal | HSLiKO mice | — | Cholesteryl ester accumulation and accelerated cholesterol absorption in intestine-specific hormone sensitive lipase-null mice. |
| Western-styled diet enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFA) | Increases - exhibited significantly greater | cholesterol | Animal | wild-type C57BL/6J mice | Not explicitly stated, but chronic ingestion over 13 weeks. | Chronic Intake of Energy Drinks and Their Sugar Free Substitution Similarly Promotes Metabolic Syndrome.cited 6× |
| myo-inositol plus diet | Decreases - improved | cholesterol serum levels | Human | postmenopausal women affected by the metabolic syndrome | 2 g twice daily (BID). | Effects of myo-inositol supplementation in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome: a perspective, randomized, placebo-controlled study.cited 66× |
| a normocaloric low n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio diet | Decreases - reduction | LDL cholesterol | Human | obese youth 9-19 y of age with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Not specified (normocaloric diet with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 4:1). | A Low ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA Ratio (n-6:n-3 PUFA) Diet to Treat Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Youth.cited 58× |
| shifting from a traditional Mediterranean diet to a vegan Mediterranean diet | Decreases - reduced | blood concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | physically active and healthy men | Not specified (isocaloric substitution of animal-based foods with plant-based alternatives). | The OMNIVEG STUDY: Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men. A controlled crossover trial.cited 5× |
| shifting from a traditional Mediterranean diet to a vegan Mediterranean diet | Decreases - reduced | blood concentration of total cholesterol | Human | physically active and healthy men | Not specified (isocaloric substitution of animal-based foods with plant-based alternatives). | The OMNIVEG STUDY: Health outcomes of shifting from a traditional to a vegan Mediterranean diet in healthy men. A controlled crossover trial.cited 5× |
| including flaxseed in the HFHS diet | Decreases - reduced | hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride content | Animal | obese male and female rats | Not specified | Beneficial Effects of Dietary Flaxseed on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.cited 3× |
| low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet | Decreases - reduced | Total cholesterol | Human | subjects with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | Comprehensive analysis of systemic, metabolic, and molecular changes following prospective change to low-carbohydrate diet in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India. |
| low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet | Decreases - reduced | Total cholesterol | Human | subjects with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | Comprehensive analysis of systemic, metabolic, and molecular changes following prospective change to low-carbohydrate diet in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India. |
| healthy Nordic diet (HND) | No effect - related with | LDL cholesterol | Human | participants with metabolic syndrome | Not specified (dietary advice included low-fat dairy as part of the Nordic diet). | Analysis of the SYSDIET Healthy Nordic Diet randomized trial based on metabolic profiling reveal beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and blood lipids.cited 14× |
| energy-restricted Low-AGEs diet | Decreases - LDL-cholesterol significantly decreased | LDL-cholesterol | Human | Rotterdam phenotype-A PCOS patients | Not specified (energy-restricted diets with standard vs. low AGE content). | Comparison of Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles between Low-Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Standard AGEs-Containing Weight-Loss Diets in Overweight Phenotype-A PCOS Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. |
| 1% addition of cholesterol to a diet low in EFA | Increases - markedly increased | esterified cholesterol content in microsomes and total liver lipids | Animal | — | 1% cholesterol addition to diet | Dietary cholesterol modulates delta6 and delta9 desaturase mRNAs and enzymatic activity in rats fed a low-eFA diet.cited 15× |
| 1% addition of cholesterol to a diet low in EFA | No effect - remained unaltered | proportion of free cholesterol | Animal | — | 1% cholesterol addition to diet | Dietary cholesterol modulates delta6 and delta9 desaturase mRNAs and enzymatic activity in rats fed a low-eFA diet.cited 15× |
| MUFA or PUFA-enriched diet | No effect - There was no effect on | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | middle-aged men and women with MetS | Participants consumed 3 MUFA-enriched or PUFA-enriched muffins daily, with additional supplementation to ensure 25%-50% increases in dietary fat intake from these sources. | Poly is more effective than monounsaturated fat for dietary management in the metabolic syndrome: The muffin study.cited 27× |
| MUFA or PUFA-enriched diet | No effect - There was no effect on | total cholesterol | Human | middle-aged men and women with MetS | Participants consumed 3 MUFA-enriched or PUFA-enriched muffins daily, with additional supplementation to ensure 25%-50% increases in dietary fat intake from these sources. | Poly is more effective than monounsaturated fat for dietary management in the metabolic syndrome: The muffin study.cited 27× |
| adding 2 g/kg Maca powder to the diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | serum total cholesterol levels | Animal | quail | 0, 1, or 2 g/kg of diet. | Use of Maca Powder (Lepidium meyenii) as Feed Additive in Diets of Laying Quails at Different Ages: Its Effect on Performance, Eggshell Quality, Serum, Ileum, and Bone Properties.cited 9× |
| olive oil diet | No effect - no effect | total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | men and women with moderate hypercholesterolemia | Experimental diets provided 30% fat, with NuSun sunflower oil contributing half of the total fat (specific dosage not detailed). | Balance of unsaturated fatty acids is important to a cholesterol-lowering diet: comparison of mid-oleic sunflower oil and olive oil on cardiovascular disease risk factors.cited 33× |
| NuSun sunflower oil diet | Decreases - decreased | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | men and women with moderate hypercholesterolemia | Experimental diets provided 30% fat, with NuSun sunflower oil contributing half of the total fat (specific dosage not detailed). | Balance of unsaturated fatty acids is important to a cholesterol-lowering diet: comparison of mid-oleic sunflower oil and olive oil on cardiovascular disease risk factors.cited 33× |
| NuSun sunflower oil diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol levels | Human | men and women with moderate hypercholesterolemia | Experimental diets provided 30% fat, with NuSun sunflower oil contributing half of the total fat (specific dosage not detailed). | Balance of unsaturated fatty acids is important to a cholesterol-lowering diet: comparison of mid-oleic sunflower oil and olive oil on cardiovascular disease risk factors.cited 33× |
| chronic low-glycemic index (LGI) diet | Decreases - induced a decrease in | fasting plasma LDL cholesterol | Human | type 2 diabetic men | Not specified (dietary intervention). | Improved plasma glucose control, whole-body glucose utilization, and lipid profile on a low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetic men: a randomized controlled trial.cited 166× |
| chronic low-glycemic index (LGI) diet | Decreases - induced a decrease in | fasting plasma total cholesterol | Human | type 2 diabetic men | Not specified (dietary intervention). | Improved plasma glucose control, whole-body glucose utilization, and lipid profile on a low-glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetic men: a randomized controlled trial.cited 166× |
| the Brazilian Dietary Approach to Break Hypertension (BRADA) diet | Decreases - reduced | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations | Human | hypertensive patients who were seeing primary health care providers in a low-income region of Brazil | Not specified (monthly planned menus provided). | Reductions in glycemic and lipid profiles in hypertensive patients undergoing the Brazilian Dietary Approach to Break Hypertension: a randomized clinical trial.cited 23× |
| the Brazilian Dietary Approach to Break Hypertension (BRADA) diet | Decreases - reduced | total cholesterol concentrations | Human | hypertensive patients who were seeing primary health care providers in a low-income region of Brazil | Not specified (monthly planned menus provided). | Reductions in glycemic and lipid profiles in hypertensive patients undergoing the Brazilian Dietary Approach to Break Hypertension: a randomized clinical trial.cited 23× |
| diet supplementation with 20% of Bravo de Esmolfe apple cultivar | Decreases - decrease significantly | LDL cholesterol concentrations | Animal | male Wistar rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (2%) | Diet supplemented with 20% of apple cultivars (Bravo de Esmolfe, Malápio Serra, and Golden). | Evaluation of cardiovascular protective effect of different apple varieties - Correlation of response with composition.cited 40× |
| diet supplementation with 20% of Bravo de Esmolfe apple cultivar | Decreases - decrease significantly | total cholesterol concentrations | Animal | male Wistar rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet (2%) | Diet supplemented with 20% of apple cultivars (Bravo de Esmolfe, Malápio Serra, and Golden). | Evaluation of cardiovascular protective effect of different apple varieties - Correlation of response with composition.cited 40× |
| diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) | Decreases - were lower | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | Men and women aged 35 to 69 years who were nonsmokers with no chronic illness and not on any medication | Fat intake constituted 20.3% of total energy in the MUFA diet (specific sunflower oil dosage not detailed). | A diet rich in high-oleic-acid sunflower oil favorably alters low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and factor VII coagulant activity.cited 50× |
| a 2-week diet that increased the proportion of SFA (<40% to 60% of dietary fat) | Increases - increase | LDL-cholesterol | Human | overweight young adults | Increased proportion of saturated fat from <40% to 60% of dietary fat, maintaining total fat, carbohydrate, protein, and calorie intake. | Changes in markers for cardio-metabolic disease risk after only 1-2 weeks of a high saturated fat diet in overweight adults.cited 5× |
| a 2-week diet that increased the proportion of SFA (<40% to 60% of dietary fat) | Increases - increased | Total plasma cholesterol concentration | Human | overweight young adults | Increased proportion of saturated fat from <40% to 60% of dietary fat, maintaining total fat, carbohydrate, protein, and calorie intake. | Changes in markers for cardio-metabolic disease risk after only 1-2 weeks of a high saturated fat diet in overweight adults.cited 5× |
| 4-week hypocaloric-diet (control group) | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | overweight/obese men | 56 g/day of conventional or high-oleic peanuts. | High-oleic peanuts: new perspective to attenuate glucose homeostasis disruption and inflammation related obesity.cited 34× |
| Chinese heart-healthy (CHH) diet | Decreases - lowered | serum total cholesterol (TC) | Human | Chinese adults with baseline systolic blood pressure 130 to 159 mmHg | Not specified (dietary intervention without explicit dosage). | Effects of Chinese heart-healthy diet on blood lipids, glucose, and estimated 10-y cardiovascular disease risk among Chinese adults: results on secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial.cited 6× |
| usual diet | Decreases - decreased | serum total cholesterol (TC) | Human | Chinese adults with baseline systolic blood pressure 130 to 159 mmHg | Not specified (dietary intervention without explicit dosage). | Effects of Chinese heart-healthy diet on blood lipids, glucose, and estimated 10-y cardiovascular disease risk among Chinese adults: results on secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial.cited 6× |
| ketogenic low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet | Increases - increased | LDL cholesterol | Human | every woman | 4% carbohydrates, 77% fat, 19% protein (LCHF diet); 44% carbohydrates, 33% fat, 19% protein (control diet) | A Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Increases LDL Cholesterol in Healthy, Young, Normal-Weight Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial.cited 59× |
| ketogenic low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet | Increases - increased | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol | Human | healthy, young, and normal-weight women | 4% carbohydrates, 77% fat, 19% protein (LCHF diet); 44% carbohydrates, 33% fat, 19% protein (control diet) | A Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Increases LDL Cholesterol in Healthy, Young, Normal-Weight Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial.cited 59× |
| chickpea-supplemented diet | Decreases - were significantly lower | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | forty-seven free-living adults | Not specified (dietary supplementation). | Dietary supplementation with chickpeas for at least 5 weeks results in small but significant reductions in serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols in adult women and men.cited 22× |
| chickpea-supplemented diet | Decreases - results in lower | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | — | Not specified (dietary supplementation). | Dietary supplementation with chickpeas for at least 5 weeks results in small but significant reductions in serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols in adult women and men.cited 22× |
| chickpea-supplemented diet | Decreases - were significantly lower | serum total cholesterol levels | Human | forty-seven free-living adults | Not specified (dietary supplementation). | Dietary supplementation with chickpeas for at least 5 weeks results in small but significant reductions in serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols in adult women and men.cited 22× |
| chickpea-supplemented diet | Decreases - results in lower | serum total cholesterol levels | Human | — | Not specified (dietary supplementation). | Dietary supplementation with chickpeas for at least 5 weeks results in small but significant reductions in serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols in adult women and men.cited 22× |
| PHVO diet | Increases - increased | the plasma ratios of nonHDL:HDL-cholesterol | Animal | Thirty-two male Golden Syrian hamsters | 2.5 g/100 g of diet | Individual trans octadecenoic acids and partially hydrogenated vegetable oil differentially affect hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in golden Syrian hamsters.cited 39× |
| PHVO diet | Increases - increased | the plasma ratios of total:HDL-cholesterol | Animal | Thirty-two male Golden Syrian hamsters | 2.5 g/100 g of diet | Individual trans octadecenoic acids and partially hydrogenated vegetable oil differentially affect hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in golden Syrian hamsters.cited 39× |
| low-carbohydrate and high-fiber diet and education | Increases - was higher | serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | female patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Not specified | Impact of a low-carbohydrate and high-fiber diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.cited 12× |
| low-carbohydrate and high-fiber diet and education | Increases - was higher | serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | male patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | Not specified | Impact of a low-carbohydrate and high-fiber diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.cited 12× |
| antioxidant-rich foods as adjuncts to a prudent diet | Decreases - lower decrease | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | patients with acute myocardial infarction (group A) | Not specified | Effect on mortality and reinfarction of adding fruits and vegetables to a prudent diet in the Indian experiment of infarct survival (IEIS).cited 14× |
| habitual diet | Increases - Increases from baseline in LDL-cholesterol levels were reported | LDL-cholesterol levels | Human | control group | Two fasting days of 730 kcal/d (3050 kJ/d) using balanced shakes and dietary supplements, followed by 5 days of habitual diet. | Avoiding holiday seasonal weight gain with nutrient-supported intermittent energy restriction: a pilot study.cited 20× |
| habitual diet | Increases - Increases from baseline in total cholesterol levels were reported | total cholesterol levels | Human | control group | Two fasting days of 730 kcal/d (3050 kJ/d) using balanced shakes and dietary supplements, followed by 5 days of habitual diet. | Avoiding holiday seasonal weight gain with nutrient-supported intermittent energy restriction: a pilot study.cited 20× |
| a moderately low-carbohydrate diet | Increases - increase | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | participants with abnormal baseline values | Not specified | Changes in Body Weight, Dysglycemia, and Dyslipidemia After Moderately Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education (LOCABO Challenge Program) Among Workers in Japan.cited 3× |
| a moderately low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decrease | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | participants with abnormal baseline values | Not specified | Changes in Body Weight, Dysglycemia, and Dyslipidemia After Moderately Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education (LOCABO Challenge Program) Among Workers in Japan.cited 3× |
| a moderately low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - decrease | total cholesterol | Human | participants with abnormal baseline values | Not specified | Changes in Body Weight, Dysglycemia, and Dyslipidemia After Moderately Low-Carbohydrate Diet Education (LOCABO Challenge Program) Among Workers in Japan.cited 3× |
| Mediterranean diet in association with Realsil complex | No effect - significant variation | total cholesterol | Human | overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | Daily administration of Realsil complex (specific dosage not provided). | Effects of Mediterranean diet supplemented with silybin-vitamin E-phospholipid complex in overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.cited 56× |
| Mediterranean diet | No effect - significant variation | total cholesterol | Human | overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | Daily administration of Realsil complex (specific dosage not provided). | Effects of Mediterranean diet supplemented with silybin-vitamin E-phospholipid complex in overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.cited 56× |
| lecithin-rich diet | No effect - can modify | cholesterol homeostasis and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism | Human | — | 500 mg daily (one capsule) | Influence of soy lecithin administration on hypercholesterolemia.cited 12× |
| low-fat vegan diet | Decreases - decreased significantly | reported intake of cholesterol | Human | employees who were either overweight (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) and/or had type 2 diabetes | — | A worksite programme significantly alters nutrient intakes.cited 14× |
| low-fat vegan diet | No effect - did not reach statistical significance | serum cholesterol | Human | patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) | Not specified (low-fat, vegetarian diet). | Toward improved management of NIDDM: A randomized, controlled, pilot intervention using a lowfat, vegetarian diet.cited 121× |
| fast food diet (FFD) | Increases - group by time interaction was significant for cholesterol | total cholesterol | Animal | C57BL/6 J mice | Not specified (fast food diet composition not detailed). | Partial validation of a six-month high-fat diet and fructose-glucose drink combination as a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.cited 3× |
| high-fat/high-fructose diet | Increases - increased | cholesterol | Animal | male golden hamsters | Not specified (described as "high-fat/high-fructose diet"). | High-fat/high-fructose diet and Opisthorchis viverrini infection promote metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via inflammation, fibrogenesis, and metabolic dysfunction. |
| leucine-rich diet | No effect - observed no changes | cholesterol concentrations | Animal | Rats | — | Leucine improves protein nutritional status and regulates hepatic lipid metabolism in calorie-restricted rats. |
| a reduced-energy diet with a dietary portfolio (DP) comprising high-fibre, polyphenol-rich and vegetable-protein functional foods | Decreases - significant reductions | LDL cholesterol | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) | Not specified | A dietary intervention with functional foods reduces metabolic endotoxaemia and attenuates biochemical abnormalities by modifying faecal microbiota in people with type 2 diabetes.cited 111× |
| a reduced-energy diet with a dietary portfolio (DP) comprising high-fibre, polyphenol-rich and vegetable-protein functional foods | Decreases - significant reductions | total cholesterol | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) | Not specified | A dietary intervention with functional foods reduces metabolic endotoxaemia and attenuates biochemical abnormalities by modifying faecal microbiota in people with type 2 diabetes.cited 111× |
| PUFA-rich corn oil diet | No effect - remained unchanged | HDL cholesterol | Human | 28 healthy, non-smoking young men aged between 19 and 31 years | 12 g sunflower oil/day (as part of a 68 g olive oil + 12 g sunflower oil mixture). | Impact of diets containing corn oil or olive/sunflower oil mixture on the human plasma and lipoprotein lipid metabolism.cited 30× |
| PUFA-rich corn oil diet | Decreases - was able to reduce | low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol | Human | 28 healthy, non-smoking young men aged between 19 and 31 years | 12 g sunflower oil/day (as part of a 68 g olive oil + 12 g sunflower oil mixture). | Impact of diets containing corn oil or olive/sunflower oil mixture on the human plasma and lipoprotein lipid metabolism.cited 30× |
| PUFA-rich corn oil diet | Decreases - were significantly lower | total cholesterol | Human | 28 healthy, non-smoking young men aged between 19 and 31 years | 12 g sunflower oil/day (as part of a 68 g olive oil + 12 g sunflower oil mixture). | Impact of diets containing corn oil or olive/sunflower oil mixture on the human plasma and lipoprotein lipid metabolism.cited 30× |
| mixed oil diet (olive/sunflower oil mixture) | No effect - remained unchanged | HDL cholesterol | Human | 28 healthy, non-smoking young men aged between 19 and 31 years | 12 g sunflower oil/day (as part of a 68 g olive oil + 12 g sunflower oil mixture). | Impact of diets containing corn oil or olive/sunflower oil mixture on the human plasma and lipoprotein lipid metabolism.cited 30× |
| normal diet (ND) combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) | No effect - improved | high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) | Human | overweight/obese adults | IER: 30% of energy needs on 2 non-consecutive days/week, 100% on other 5 days; CER: 70% of energy needs daily. | Differential effects of intermittent energy restriction vs. continuous energy restriction combined high-intensity interval training on overweight/obese adults: A randomized controlled trial.cited 4× |
| normal diet (ND) combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) | No effect - improved | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | overweight/obese adults | IER: 30% of energy needs on 2 non-consecutive days/week, 100% on other 5 days; CER: 70% of energy needs daily. | Differential effects of intermittent energy restriction vs. continuous energy restriction combined high-intensity interval training on overweight/obese adults: A randomized controlled trial.cited 4× |
| Transition from a higher-SFA/lower-UFA to a lower-SFA/higher-UFA diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | fasting blood lipids: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol | Human | Healthy males (n = 109, mean ± SD age 48 ± 11 y; BMI 25.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2) | SFA:UFA as % total energy—19.1:14.8 (higher-SFA/lower-UFA diet) and 8.9:24.5 (lower-SFA/higher-UFA diet). | Variation of LDL cholesterol in response to the replacement of saturated with unsaturated fatty acids: a nonrandomized, sequential dietary intervention; the Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Saturated fat Cholesterol Intervention ("RISSCI"-1) study.cited 3× |
| Transition from a higher-SFA/lower-UFA to a lower-SFA/higher-UFA diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | fasting blood lipids: LDL cholesterol | Human | Healthy males (n = 109, mean ± SD age 48 ± 11 y; BMI 25.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2) | SFA:UFA as % total energy—19.1:14.8 (higher-SFA/lower-UFA diet) and 8.9:24.5 (lower-SFA/higher-UFA diet). | Variation of LDL cholesterol in response to the replacement of saturated with unsaturated fatty acids: a nonrandomized, sequential dietary intervention; the Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Saturated fat Cholesterol Intervention ("RISSCI"-1) study.cited 3× |
| Transition from a higher-SFA/lower-UFA to a lower-SFA/higher-UFA diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | fasting blood lipids: total cholesterol (TC) | Human | Healthy males (n = 109, mean ± SD age 48 ± 11 y; BMI 25.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2) | SFA:UFA as % total energy—19.1:14.8 (higher-SFA/lower-UFA diet) and 8.9:24.5 (lower-SFA/higher-UFA diet). | Variation of LDL cholesterol in response to the replacement of saturated with unsaturated fatty acids: a nonrandomized, sequential dietary intervention; the Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Saturated fat Cholesterol Intervention ("RISSCI"-1) study.cited 3× |
| traditional low-protein diet without KA/AA | Increases - significantly increased | levels of total cholesterol and LHD | Human | patients with CKD stages 3-4 | Not specified | [Analysis of the Effectiveness of Renoprotection of Low-Protein Diet and Ketoanalogues of Amino Acids In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease]. |
| Feel4Diabetes Healthy Diet Score | Decreases - was significantly correlated with changes in | LDL cholesterol | Human | adults from high diabetes risk families | Not specified | Feel4Diabetes healthy diet score: development and evaluation of clinical validity.cited 9× |
| Feel4Diabetes Healthy Diet Score | Decreases - was significantly correlated with changes in | total cholesterol | Human | adults from high diabetes risk families | Not specified | Feel4Diabetes healthy diet score: development and evaluation of clinical validity.cited 9× |
| healthy diet rich in unsaturated fat | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | participants with asthma | Not specified | A pilot feeding study for adults with asthma: The healthy eating better breathing trial.cited 6× |
| low-fat background diet with added oat bran or beans | No effect - were unchanged | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | subjects | 55 g low-fiber oat bran, 55 g high-fiber oat bran, or 80 g mixed cooked beans daily. | Do beans and oat bran add to the effectiveness of a low-fat diet?cited 36× |
| low-fat background diet with added oat bran or beans | No effect - were unchanged | plasma cholesterol | Human | subjects | 55 g low-fiber oat bran, 55 g high-fiber oat bran, or 80 g mixed cooked beans daily. | Do beans and oat bran add to the effectiveness of a low-fat diet?cited 36× |
| supplementation of a moderately low-fat diet with palatable quantities of oat bran or beans without changing the overall fat intake | No effect - does not appear to significantly lower | cholesterol | Human | — | 55 g low-fiber oat bran, 55 g high-fiber oat bran, or 80 g mixed cooked beans daily. | Do beans and oat bran add to the effectiveness of a low-fat diet?cited 36× |
| unrestricted vegan diet plan | No effect - No decrease | total or LDL cholesterol | Human | subjects in the unrestricted vegan group | Ad libitum meat and skim milk consumption (modified DF). | Comparison of a Restricted and Unrestricted Vegan Diet Plan with a Restricted Omnivorous Diet Plan on Health-Specific Measures.cited 12× |
| higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) diet | Decreases - was associated with | low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | American adults | Not specified (DII calculated using 27 dietary components from 24-hour dietary recall) | Anti-inflammatory diet reduces risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among US adults: a nationwide survey. |
| high-carbohydrate/low-fiber diet | No effect - No differences were observed | fasting plasma cholesterol and HDL | Human | both groups | 60% energy from carbohydrate, 20% from fat (high-carbohydrate diet); 40% energy from carbohydrate, 40% from fat (low-carbohydrate diet). | Does a high-carbohydrate diet have different effects in NIDDM patients treated with diet alone or hypoglycemic drugs?cited 29× |
| multibotanical plus soy diet counseling | No effect - no statistically significant differences in the adjusted mean change | HDL cholesterol | Human | peri or post-menopausal women experiencing vasomotor symptoms | 160 mg daily (Black Cohosh alone) or 200 mg daily (in multibotanical). | The effects of black cohosh therapies on lipids, fibrinogen, glucose and insulin.cited 18× |
| multibotanical plus soy diet counseling | No effect - no statistically significant differences in the adjusted mean change | LDL cholesterol | Human | peri or post-menopausal women experiencing vasomotor symptoms | 160 mg daily (Black Cohosh alone) or 200 mg daily (in multibotanical). | The effects of black cohosh therapies on lipids, fibrinogen, glucose and insulin.cited 18× |
| multibotanical plus soy diet counseling | No effect - no statistically significant differences in the adjusted mean change | total cholesterol | Human | peri or post-menopausal women experiencing vasomotor symptoms | 160 mg daily (Black Cohosh alone) or 200 mg daily (in multibotanical). | The effects of black cohosh therapies on lipids, fibrinogen, glucose and insulin.cited 18× |
| high-sucrose/low-fat diet | Increases - elevated | cholesterol levels | Animal | mice with impaired mitochondrial metabolism | — | Opposing effects of dietary sugar and saturated fat on cardiovascular risk factors and glucose metabolism in mitochondrially impaired mice. |
| recreational football training combined with calorie-restricted diet | Decreases - reductions in | total cholesterol | Human | type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients | — | Positive effects of football on fitness, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes.cited 58× |
| Diet M - high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL-cholesterol | Human | G allele carriers (CG + GG genotypes) | Not specified | Dietary-fat effect of the rs10830963 polymorphism in MTNR1B on insulin resistance in response to 3 months weight-loss diets.cited 8× |
| Diet M - high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL-cholesterol | Human | no G allele carriers (CC genotype) | Not specified | Dietary-fat effect of the rs10830963 polymorphism in MTNR1B on insulin resistance in response to 3 months weight-loss diets.cited 8× |
| Diet M - high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | no G allele carriers (CC genotype) | Not specified | Dietary-fat effect of the rs10830963 polymorphism in MTNR1B on insulin resistance in response to 3 months weight-loss diets.cited 8× |
| Diet M - high monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | G allele carriers (CG + GG genotypes) | Not specified | Dietary-fat effect of the rs10830963 polymorphism in MTNR1B on insulin resistance in response to 3 months weight-loss diets.cited 8× |
| a dietary program combining a low glycemic index diet with a functional food delivering 30 g of soy protein and 4 g of phytosterols per day (LGID) | Decreases - showed statistically significant decreases | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | postmenopausal women | 30 g of soy protein and 4 g of phytosterols per day. | Effect of a low glycemic index diet with soy protein and phytosterols on CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women.cited 52× |
| a dietary program combining a low glycemic index diet with a functional food delivering 30 g of soy protein and 4 g of phytosterols per day (LGID) | Decreases - significant improvements were observed | ratios of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | postmenopausal women | 30 g of soy protein and 4 g of phytosterols per day. | Effect of a low glycemic index diet with soy protein and phytosterols on CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women.cited 52× |
| a dietary program combining a low glycemic index diet with a functional food delivering 30 g of soy protein and 4 g of phytosterols per day (LGID) | Decreases - significant improvements were observed | ratios of triacylglycerol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | postmenopausal women | 30 g of soy protein and 4 g of phytosterols per day. | Effect of a low glycemic index diet with soy protein and phytosterols on CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women.cited 52× |
| a dietary program combining a low glycemic index diet with a functional food delivering 30 g of soy protein and 4 g of phytosterols per day (LGID) | Decreases - showed statistically significant decreases | total cholesterol | Human | postmenopausal women | 30 g of soy protein and 4 g of phytosterols per day. | Effect of a low glycemic index diet with soy protein and phytosterols on CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women.cited 52× |
| SCE diet | Increases - resulted in the highest | fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid | Animal | hypercholesterolemic rats | — | Hypocholesterolemic Effects of the Cauliflower Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Sparassis crispa (Higher Basidiomycetes), in Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Rats. |
| programmed diet | No effect - remained unchanged | high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels | Human | both groups | 10 mg monacolin K daily (one tablet per day). | The short-term supplementation of monacolin K improves the lipid and metabolic patterns of hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic subjects at low cardiovascular risk.cited 12× |
| programmed diet | Decreases - significant reduction | serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) | Human | subjects with grade-1 essential hypertension | 10 mg monacolin K daily (one tablet per day). | The short-term supplementation of monacolin K improves the lipid and metabolic patterns of hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic subjects at low cardiovascular risk.cited 12× |
| low-glycemic index pulse-based diet | Decreases - greater reduction | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | Not specified (part of a pulse-based diet including lentils, beans, split peas, and chickpeas). | A Comparison of a Pulse-Based Diet and the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet in Combination with Exercise and Health Counselling on the Cardio-Metabolic Risk Profile in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 62× |
| low-glycemic index pulse-based diet | Decreases - greater reduction | total cholesterol | Human | women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | Not specified (part of a pulse-based diet including lentils, beans, split peas, and chickpeas). | A Comparison of a Pulse-Based Diet and the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet in Combination with Exercise and Health Counselling on the Cardio-Metabolic Risk Profile in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 62× |
| high-sucrose diet (HSD) | Increases - significant increase | total cholesterol (TC) | Animal | fruit flies | — | Novel ketogenic diet formulation improves sucrose-induced insulin resistance in canton strain Drosophila melanogaster. |
| exercise combined with high-protein diet | Decreases - had lower total cholesterol | total cholesterol | Human | middle-aged adults with obesity | Not specified | Effects of Combined High-Protein Diet and Exercise Intervention on Cardiometabolic Health in Middle-Aged Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 7× |
| Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) nutritional intervention | Decreases - similarly reduced | low density-lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | Q1 and Q4 participants | Not specified | Change to a healthy diet in people over 70 years old: the PREDIMED experience.cited 4× |
| MFGM diet (whipping cream) | No effect - did not differ | HDL-cholesterol | Human | overweight men and women | 40 g milk fat/day as either whipping cream or butter oil. | Potential role of milk fat globule membrane in modulating plasma lipoproteins, gene expression, and cholesterol metabolism in humans: a randomized study.cited 89× |
| MFGM diet (whipping cream) | No effect - did not increase | LDL cholesterol | Human | overweight men and women | 40 g milk fat/day as either whipping cream or butter oil. | Potential role of milk fat globule membrane in modulating plasma lipoproteins, gene expression, and cholesterol metabolism in humans: a randomized study.cited 89× |
| MFGM diet (whipping cream) | Decreases - decreased | non-HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight men and women | 40 g milk fat/day as either whipping cream or butter oil. | Potential role of milk fat globule membrane in modulating plasma lipoproteins, gene expression, and cholesterol metabolism in humans: a randomized study.cited 89× |
| MFGM diet (whipping cream) | No effect - did not increase | total cholesterol | Human | overweight men and women | 40 g milk fat/day as either whipping cream or butter oil. | Potential role of milk fat globule membrane in modulating plasma lipoproteins, gene expression, and cholesterol metabolism in humans: a randomized study.cited 89× |
| control diet (butter oil) | Increases - increased | LDL cholesterol | Human | overweight men and women | 40 g milk fat/day as either whipping cream or butter oil. | Potential role of milk fat globule membrane in modulating plasma lipoproteins, gene expression, and cholesterol metabolism in humans: a randomized study.cited 89× |
| control diet (butter oil) | Increases - increased | non-HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight men and women | 40 g milk fat/day as either whipping cream or butter oil. | Potential role of milk fat globule membrane in modulating plasma lipoproteins, gene expression, and cholesterol metabolism in humans: a randomized study.cited 89× |
| control diet (butter oil) | Increases - increased | total cholesterol | Human | overweight men and women | 40 g milk fat/day as either whipping cream or butter oil. | Potential role of milk fat globule membrane in modulating plasma lipoproteins, gene expression, and cholesterol metabolism in humans: a randomized study.cited 89× |
| 35% SP diet | Decreases - demonstrated superior efficacy | cholesterol (CHO) | Human | patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) | 35% and 100% SP diets (percentage of total protein intake). | Comparison of the effects of different percentages of soy protein in the diet on patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: systematic reviews and network meta-analysis.cited 2× |
| 35% SP diet | Increases - demonstrated superior efficacy | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) | 35% and 100% SP diets (percentage of total protein intake). | Comparison of the effects of different percentages of soy protein in the diet on patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: systematic reviews and network meta-analysis.cited 2× |
| 35% SP diet | Decreases - demonstrated superior efficacy | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) | 35% and 100% SP diets (percentage of total protein intake). | Comparison of the effects of different percentages of soy protein in the diet on patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: systematic reviews and network meta-analysis.cited 2× |
| ~60 g/d almonds (ALM) added to NCEP step II diet | No effect - were not changed | Mean total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | 33 Chinese T2DM patients | ~60g/d of almonds. | Almonds ameliorate glycemic control in Chinese patients with better controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding trial.cited 39× |
| barley BGs at 6.5-7.5% of the diet independent of molecular mass and oligomer block structure | No effect - showed no additional effect | blood cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels | Animal | hypercholesterolemic rat model | 6.5-7.5% of the diet | Barley beta-glucans varying in molecular mass and oligomer structure affect cecal fermentation and microbial composition but not blood lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic rats.cited 14× |
| weight-loss diet-induced decreases in primary BAs | Decreases - were related to larger reductions | total cholesterol | Human | adults with overweight or obesity | Not specified. | Changes in bile acid subtypes and improvements in lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial.cited 2× |
| berry diet rich in antioxidants and bioactive phytochemicals | Increases - increase of | high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol | Human | human participants | Not specified. | Current evidence on the health-beneficial effects of berry fruits in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.cited 25× |
| berry diet rich in antioxidants and bioactive phytochemicals | Decreases - decrease of | low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol | Human | human participants | Not specified. | Current evidence on the health-beneficial effects of berry fruits in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome.cited 25× |
| therapeutic high-protein, high-fiber weight loss diet | Decreases - significant reductions were observed | serum total cholesterol | Human | overweight dogs | Body weight-dependent amount (specific dosage not detailed) | Effect of a weight loss diet with or without Spirulina supplementation on serum lipids and antioxidant capacity of overweight dogs. |
| Step 1 American Heart Association diet with rice bran-enriched foods | Decreases - significant reductions | LDL cholesterol | Human | mildly hypercholesterolemic men | Not specified in the abstract. | Beta-glucan- or rice bran-enriched foods: a comparative crossover clinical trial on lipidic pattern in mildly hypercholesterolemic men.cited 28× |
| Step 1 American Heart Association diet with rice bran-enriched foods | Decreases - significant reductions | LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol | Human | mildly hypercholesterolemic men | Not specified in the abstract. | Beta-glucan- or rice bran-enriched foods: a comparative crossover clinical trial on lipidic pattern in mildly hypercholesterolemic men.cited 28× |
| Step 1 American Heart Association diet with rice bran-enriched foods | Decreases - significant reductions | total cholesterol | Human | mildly hypercholesterolemic men | Not specified in the abstract. | Beta-glucan- or rice bran-enriched foods: a comparative crossover clinical trial on lipidic pattern in mildly hypercholesterolemic men.cited 28× |
| Step 1 American Heart Association diet with rice bran-enriched foods | Decreases - significant reductions | total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol | Human | mildly hypercholesterolemic men | Not specified in the abstract. | Beta-glucan- or rice bran-enriched foods: a comparative crossover clinical trial on lipidic pattern in mildly hypercholesterolemic men.cited 28× |
| fibre diet supplementation | Decreases - reduced | total cholesterol | Human | subjects with IRH | 20 g of fibre (fructose-oligosaccharides) per day. | Idiopathic reactive hypoglycaemia - prevalence and effect of fibre on glucose excursions.cited 15× |
| low-fat vegetarian diet | Decreases - led to rapid and sizable reductions | HDL cholesterol concentrations | Human | healthy premenopausal women | Approximately 10% of energy from fat. | Effectiveness of a low-fat vegetarian diet in altering serum lipids in healthy premenopausal women.cited 55× |
| low-fat vegetarian diet | Decreases - decreased | high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations | Human | premenopausal women | Approximately 10% of energy from fat. | Effectiveness of a low-fat vegetarian diet in altering serum lipids in healthy premenopausal women.cited 55× |
| low-fat vegetarian diet | Decreases - led to rapid and sizable reductions | LDL cholesterol concentrations | Human | healthy premenopausal women | Approximately 10% of energy from fat. | Effectiveness of a low-fat vegetarian diet in altering serum lipids in healthy premenopausal women.cited 55× |
| low-fat vegetarian diet | Decreases - significantly reduces | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations | Human | premenopausal women | Approximately 10% of energy from fat. | Effectiveness of a low-fat vegetarian diet in altering serum lipids in healthy premenopausal women.cited 55× |
| low-fat vegetarian diet | Decreases - led to rapid and sizable reductions | serum total cholesterol concentrations | Human | healthy premenopausal women | Approximately 10% of energy from fat. | Effectiveness of a low-fat vegetarian diet in altering serum lipids in healthy premenopausal women.cited 55× |
| low-fat vegetarian diet | Decreases - significantly reduces | serum total cholesterol concentrations | Human | premenopausal women | Approximately 10% of energy from fat. | Effectiveness of a low-fat vegetarian diet in altering serum lipids in healthy premenopausal women.cited 55× |
| DASH diet | Increases - significant differences in favor of the DASH diet | Cholesterol HDL | Human | patients with MS | Not specified | Effectiveness of DASH Diet versus Other Diet Modalities in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 3× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - significant differences in favor of the DASH diet | Cholesterol LDL | Human | patients with MS | Not specified | Effectiveness of DASH Diet versus Other Diet Modalities in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 3× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - improves | cholesterol levels | Human | — | Not specified | Practical dietary interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease suitable for implementation in primary care: an ADAPTE-guided systematic review of international clinical guidelines.cited 6× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - significant reduction | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) | Human | subjects with MetS | Not specified | The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.cited 6× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - significant reduction | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | subjects with MetS | Not specified | The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.cited 6× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - positive relationship | lower serum levels of cholesterol | Human | adults from 27 counties of Khuzestan province, Iran | Not specified | The Association between DASH Diet Adherence and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.cited 8× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - significant trends were observed | total cholesterol | Human | adults from 27 counties of Khuzestan province, Iran | Not specified | The Association between DASH Diet Adherence and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.cited 8× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - significantly decreased | serum total cholesterol | Human | patients on corticosteroid therapy | Not specified (dietary intake followed DASH guidelines). | Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Eating Plan on the Metabolic Side Effects of Corticosteroid Medications.cited 10× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - resulted in significant reductions | total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio | Human | overweight and obese patients with NAFLD | Not specified (dietary pattern, not isolated dairy intake). | The effects of DASH diet on weight loss and metabolic status in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial.cited 162× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - led to a significant reduction | very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | Not specified (diet composition: 52% carbohydrates, 18% proteins, 30% total fats, with DASH emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy). | Effects of DASH diet on lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.cited 93× |
| DASH diet | Decreases - decreased | very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) | Not specified (diet composition: 52% carbohydrates, 18% proteins, 30% total fats, with DASH emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy). | Effects of DASH diet on lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.cited 93× |
| controlled unsupplemented vegan diet | Decreases - led to a significant reduction | cholesterol intake | Human | healthy omnivore subjects | Not specified (unsupplemented vegan diet) | Vitamin B12 Status Upon Short-Term Intervention with a Vegan Diet-A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Participants.cited 47× |
| 28%P/46%C diet supplemented with 0.16% MCS | Decreases - decreased | contents of low density lipoprotein cholesterol | Animal | juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) | 0.16% MCS supplementation in the 28%P/46%C diet. | Momordica charantia saponins administration in low-protein-high-carbohydrate diet improves growth, blood biochemical, intestinal health and microflora composition of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio).cited 4× |
| 28%P/46%C diet supplemented with 0.16% MCS | Decreases - decreased | contents of total cholesterol | Animal | juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) | 0.16% MCS supplementation in the 28%P/46%C diet. | Momordica charantia saponins administration in low-protein-high-carbohydrate diet improves growth, blood biochemical, intestinal health and microflora composition of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio).cited 4× |
| Diet I - high-fat hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL cholesterol | Human | obese subjects | Not specified | Impact of 2 Different Hypocaloric Diets on Serum Omentin Levels in Obese Subjects.cited 6× |
| Diet II - low fat hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL cholesterol | Human | obese subjects | Not specified | Impact of 2 Different Hypocaloric Diets on Serum Omentin Levels in Obese Subjects.cited 6× |
| Diet and physical activity behavioral counseling interventions | Decreases - were associated with small, statistically significant reductions | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level | Human | adults without known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors | Not specified | Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.cited 45× |
| aerobic exercise combined with a prudent diet | No effect - not | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | adults | Diet recommendations: saturated/trans fat intake <10% of total calories, cholesterol <300 mg/day, fiber ≥25 g/day (women) or ≥35 g/day (men). | Efficacy of aerobic exercise and a prudent diet for improving selected lipids and lipoproteins in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 34× |
| aerobic exercise combined with a prudent diet | Decreases - Statistically significant intervention minus control reductions were found | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | adults | Diet recommendations: saturated/trans fat intake <10% of total calories, cholesterol <300 mg/day, fiber ≥25 g/day (women) or ≥35 g/day (men). | Efficacy of aerobic exercise and a prudent diet for improving selected lipids and lipoproteins in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 34× |
| aerobic exercise combined with a prudent diet | Decreases - Changes were equivalent to reductions of | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | adults | Diet recommendations: saturated/trans fat intake <10% of total calories, cholesterol <300 mg/day, fiber ≥25 g/day (women) or ≥35 g/day (men). | Efficacy of aerobic exercise and a prudent diet for improving selected lipids and lipoproteins in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 34× |
| aerobic exercise combined with a prudent diet | Decreases - Statistically significant intervention minus control reductions were found | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | adults | Diet recommendations: saturated/trans fat intake <10% of total calories, cholesterol <300 mg/day, fiber ≥25 g/day (women) or ≥35 g/day (men). | Efficacy of aerobic exercise and a prudent diet for improving selected lipids and lipoproteins in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 34× |
| aerobic exercise combined with a prudent diet | Decreases - Changes were equivalent to reductions of | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | adults | Diet recommendations: saturated/trans fat intake <10% of total calories, cholesterol <300 mg/day, fiber ≥25 g/day (women) or ≥35 g/day (men). | Efficacy of aerobic exercise and a prudent diet for improving selected lipids and lipoproteins in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 34× |
| WFPB diet (Whole Food, Plant-Based) | Decreases - decreased | HDL cholesterol | Human | individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes | Ad libitum, meals provided (specific amounts not detailed). | The acute effects of a DASH diet and whole food, plant-based diet on insulin requirements and related cardiometabolic markers in individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.cited 8× |
| WFPB diet (Whole Food, Plant-Based) | Decreases - decreased | LDL cholesterol | Human | individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes | Ad libitum, meals provided (specific amounts not detailed). | The acute effects of a DASH diet and whole food, plant-based diet on insulin requirements and related cardiometabolic markers in individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.cited 8× |
| WFPB diet (Whole Food, Plant-Based) | Decreases - decreased | total cholesterol | Human | individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes | Ad libitum, meals provided (specific amounts not detailed). | The acute effects of a DASH diet and whole food, plant-based diet on insulin requirements and related cardiometabolic markers in individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.cited 8× |
| low-glycemic index, low-carbohydrate diet | No effect - did not affect | HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight adults | Four diets varying in glycemic index (40% or 65%) and carbohydrate content (40% or 58% of energy). | Effects of high vs low glycemic index of dietary carbohydrate on cardiovascular disease risk factors and insulin sensitivity: the OmniCarb randomized clinical trial.cited 151× |
| low-glycemic index, low-carbohydrate diet | No effect - did not affect | LDL cholesterol | Human | overweight adults | Four diets varying in glycemic index (40% or 65%) and carbohydrate content (40% or 58% of energy). | Effects of high vs low glycemic index of dietary carbohydrate on cardiovascular disease risk factors and insulin sensitivity: the OmniCarb randomized clinical trial.cited 151× |
| Mediterranean diet alone (MeD) | Decreases - significantly decreased | serum cholesterol (CHOL) | Human | people with NAFLD | 250 mg of beetroot juice. | Comparing effects of beetroot juice and Mediterranean diet on liver enzymes and sonographic appearance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized control trials.cited 1× |
| Mediterranean diet with beet juice (BJ + MeD) | Decreases - significantly decreased | serum cholesterol (CHOL) | Human | people with NAFLD | 250 mg of beetroot juice. | Comparing effects of beetroot juice and Mediterranean diet on liver enzymes and sonographic appearance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized control trials.cited 1× |
| replacement diet with products made with organic khorasan wheat | Decreases - significant amelioration | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) | — | An organic khorasan wheat-based replacement diet improves risk profile of patients with acute coronary syndrome: a randomized crossover trial.cited 30× |
| replacement diet with products made with organic khorasan wheat | Decreases - significant amelioration | total cholesterol | Human | patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) | — | An organic khorasan wheat-based replacement diet improves risk profile of patients with acute coronary syndrome: a randomized crossover trial.cited 30× |
| atherogenic diet | Decreases - lower mean levels | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Animal | male, albino Wistar rats fed an atherogenic diet for 45 days and treated with saline | — | Evaluation of the anti-atherogenic potential of chrysin in Wistar rats. |
| atherogenic diet (AD; 40% lipid, 1.25% cholesterol, kcal) | Increases - elevated | liver cholesterol | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | — | An atherogenic diet decreases liver FXR gene expression and causes severe hepatic steatosis and hepatic cholesterol accumulation: effect of endurance training. |
| atherogenic diet (AD; 40% lipid, 1.25% cholesterol, kcal) | Increases - elevated | plasma cholesterol | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | — | An atherogenic diet decreases liver FXR gene expression and causes severe hepatic steatosis and hepatic cholesterol accumulation: effect of endurance training. |
| LFHCC diet | Increases - increased | TRL-cholesterol area under the curve | Human | MetS patients | 1.24 g/d of long-chain (n-3) PUFA or placebo (1.24 g/d of high-oleic sunflower-seed oil). | A low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diet supplemented with long-chain (n-3) fatty acids alters the postprandial lipoprotein profile in patients with metabolic syndrome.cited 40× |
| RESMENA diet | Increases - were increased | HDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | Subjects with the metabolic syndrome | Not specified | A new dietary strategy for long-term treatment of the metabolic syndrome is compared with the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines: the MEtabolic Syndrome REduction in NAvarra (RESMENA) project.cited 65× |
| RESMENA diet | Increases - were increased | LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations | Human | Subjects with the metabolic syndrome | Not specified | A new dietary strategy for long-term treatment of the metabolic syndrome is compared with the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines: the MEtabolic Syndrome REduction in NAvarra (RESMENA) project.cited 65× |
| Supplementation of diet with fermented dairy products or lactic acid bacteria containing dairy products | Decreases - has shown the potential to reduce | serum cholesterol levels | Human | — | Not specified | Cholesterol-lowering probiotics as potential biotherapeutics for metabolic diseases.cited 208× |
| portfolio diet | Decreases - reduced | the ratio of LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | Twenty-five hyperlipidemic subjects | 16.6 g of almonds per 1,000 kcal | The effect of combining plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibers, and almonds in treating hypercholesterolemia.cited 74× |
| Mediterranean-like, culturally contextualized Asian diet rich in fiber and unsaturated fatty acids | Decreases - achieved significantly greater reductions in | total cholesterol | Human | Chinese females with NAFLD | Not specified for fiber alone. | Effect of an Asian-adapted Mediterranean diet and pentadecanoic acid on fatty liver disease: the TANGO randomized controlled trial.cited 20× |
| 5:2 diet | Decreases - associations | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | — | Not specified | Intermittent fasting for weight management and metabolic health: An updated comprehensive umbrella review of health outcomes. |
| 5:2 diet | No effect - no significant difference | total cholesterol | Human | overweight and obese individuals | Not specified (5:2 diet protocol—2 fasting days per week). | Effect of the 5:2 Diet on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Overweight and/or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. |
| Mediterranean style diet (MSD) | Decreases - significantly decrease | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | children and adolescents with obesity | Not specified (diet composition: 60% carbohydrate, 25% fat, 15% protein, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, flavonoids, and antioxidants). | Mediterranean-style diet reduces metabolic syndrome components in obese children and adolescents with obesity.cited 120× |
| control diet (CNT, no PP) | Increases - had the highest concentrations | cholesterol | Animal | Arabi male lambs | Not specified | Use of tannase-producing bacteria isolated from the rumen to improve the nutritional value of pomegranate peel for fattening lambs.cited 2× |
| Control diet (healthy diet recommendations without nuts) | Decreases - significant reduction | LDL-cholesterol | Human | patients with MetS | 30 g/day of mixed nuts (15 g walnuts, 7.5 g almonds, 7.5 g hazelnuts). | Effects of one serving of mixed nuts on serum lipids, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in patients with the metabolic syndrome.cited 161× |
| control diet | No effect - changes | LDL-cholesterol (in mg/dl) | Human | patients aged 40 to 80 years and diagnosed with CAD | Group 1: 30 g/day of pecan nuts; Group 2: 30 ml/day of olive oil; Group 3: control diet. | Effect of polymorphisms in the CD36 and STAT3 genes on different dietary interventions among patients with coronary artery disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.cited 8× |
| eliminating red and processed meat in the context of a Mediterranean diet (MD) | No effect - will significantly modify | circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and the fatty acid profile | Human | adults (≥18 years) with dyslipidemia (not undergoing pharmacological treatment) | Not specified | Intervention design and adherence to Mediterranean diet in the Cardiovascular Risk Prevention with a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Reduced in Saturated Fat (CADIMED) randomized trial. |
| eliminating red and processed meat in the context of a Mediterranean diet (MD) | No effect - will significantly modify | circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and the fatty acid profile | Human | adults (≥18 years) with dyslipidemia (not undergoing pharmacological treatment) | Not specified | Intervention design and adherence to Mediterranean diet in the Cardiovascular Risk Prevention with a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Reduced in Saturated Fat (CADIMED) randomized trial. |
| healthy diet | Increases - improved | antioxidant capacity of LDL cholesterol particles | Human | hypercholesterolemic subjects | Not specified for beta-carotene (PS dosage: 2 g/day) | Evaluation of cardiovascular risk and oxidative stress parameters in hypercholesterolemic subjects on a standard healthy diet including low-fat milk enriched with plant sterols.cited 24× |
| healthy diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | LDL cholesterol | Human | hypercholesterolemic subjects | Not specified for beta-carotene (PS dosage: 2 g/day) | Evaluation of cardiovascular risk and oxidative stress parameters in hypercholesterolemic subjects on a standard healthy diet including low-fat milk enriched with plant sterols.cited 24× |
| healthy diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | total cholesterol | Human | hypercholesterolemic subjects | Not specified for beta-carotene (PS dosage: 2 g/day) | Evaluation of cardiovascular risk and oxidative stress parameters in hypercholesterolemic subjects on a standard healthy diet including low-fat milk enriched with plant sterols.cited 24× |
| Healthy diet | Decreases - Significant changes between the groups were found | LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio | Human | people with metabolic syndrome | Low-fat dairy products included as part of the diet (specific amounts not detailed). | Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation markers in metabolic syndrome -- a randomized study (SYSDIET).cited 187× |
| Healthy diet | Decreases - Significant changes between the groups were found | non-HDL cholesterol | Human | people with metabolic syndrome | Low-fat dairy products included as part of the diet (specific amounts not detailed). | Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation markers in metabolic syndrome -- a randomized study (SYSDIET).cited 187× |
| Mediterranean diet (assessed by MED score) | Increases - The MED score was directly associated with HDL-cholesterol | HDL-cholesterol | Human | subjects from the SU.VI.MAX study | Not specified (adherence assessed via dietary scores from at least three 24-hour records). | Adherence to Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome: a 6-year prospective study.cited 140× |
| Mediterranean diet (assessed by MSDPS) | Increases - MSDPS was positively associated with HDL-cholesterol | HDL-cholesterol | Human | subjects from the SU.VI.MAX study | Not specified (adherence assessed via dietary scores from at least three 24-hour records). | Adherence to Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome: a 6-year prospective study.cited 140× |
| Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) | Decreases - reduced | LDL-cholesterol | Human | Australian patients post coronary event | Ad libitum (no specific dosage provided). | Ad libitum Mediterranean diet reduces subcutaneous but not visceral fat in patients with coronary heart disease: A randomised controlled pilot study.cited 23× |
| Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) | Decreases - reduced | total cholesterol | Human | Australian patients post coronary event | Ad libitum (no specific dosage provided). | Ad libitum Mediterranean diet reduces subcutaneous but not visceral fat in patients with coronary heart disease: A randomised controlled pilot study.cited 23× |
| Mediterranean diet | Decreases - significantly lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | overweight or obese US adults | Not specified | Pilot randomized controlled trial of a Mediterranean diet or diet supplemented with fish oil, walnuts, and grape juice in overweight or obese US adults.cited 21× |
| Mediterranean diet | Decreases - significantly lower total cholesterol | total cholesterol | Human | overweight or obese US adults | Not specified | Pilot randomized controlled trial of a Mediterranean diet or diet supplemented with fish oil, walnuts, and grape juice in overweight or obese US adults.cited 21× |
| Mediterranean Diet | Decreases - showed lower serum LDL cholesterol levels | serum LDL cholesterol levels | Human | subjects in the Mediterranean Diet group | Not specified (dietary intervention) | Mediterranean diet effects on vascular health and serum levels of adipokines and ceramides.cited 3× |
| Mediterranean Diet | Decreases - showed lower serum total cholesterol levels | serum total cholesterol levels | Human | subjects in the Mediterranean Diet group | Not specified (dietary intervention) | Mediterranean diet effects on vascular health and serum levels of adipokines and ceramides.cited 3× |
| Mediterranean Diet | Decreases - showed significantly lower mean serum total cholesterol levels | serum total cholesterol levels | Human | subjects in the Mediterranean Diet group | Not specified (dietary intervention) | Mediterranean diet effects on vascular health and serum levels of adipokines and ceramides.cited 3× |
| Mediterranean diet | No effect - show no statistically significant findings for | total cholesterol levels | Human | — | Not specified | Does the Mediterranean Diet Play a Beneficial Role in Managing the Health of Overweight/Obese Breast Cancer Survivors? |
| low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet with low glycemic index (LGI) | No effect - showed no significant difference | HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight healthy women aged 20-40 y | Not specified (test foods replaced usual carbohydrate-rich foods, matched for energy, density, fiber, and macronutrients). | No difference in body weight decrease between a low-glycemic-index and a high-glycemic-index diet but reduced LDL cholesterol after 10-wk ad libitum intake of the low-glycemic-index diet.cited 174× |
| low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet with low glycemic index (LGI) | Decreases - decreased | LDL cholesterol | Human | overweight healthy women aged 20-40 y | Not specified (test foods replaced usual carbohydrate-rich foods, matched for energy, density, fiber, and macronutrients). | No difference in body weight decrease between a low-glycemic-index and a high-glycemic-index diet but reduced LDL cholesterol after 10-wk ad libitum intake of the low-glycemic-index diet.cited 174× |
| low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet with low glycemic index (LGI) | Decreases - tended to a larger decrease | total cholesterol | Human | overweight healthy women aged 20-40 y | Not specified (test foods replaced usual carbohydrate-rich foods, matched for energy, density, fiber, and macronutrients). | No difference in body weight decrease between a low-glycemic-index and a high-glycemic-index diet but reduced LDL cholesterol after 10-wk ad libitum intake of the low-glycemic-index diet.cited 174× |
| Modified Portfolio Diet (MPD) | No effect - no change | HDL cholesterol | Human | 30 patients with type II diabetes, 6 weeks post bypass surgery | Low fat, 8 g/1000 kcal viscous fibres, 17 g/1000 kcal soy protein, and 22 g/1000 kcal almonds. | A modified portfolio diet complements medical management to reduce cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.cited 13× |
| fruit rich diet (FRD) with consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits daily | Increases - had significantly higher | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | adults with NAFLD | At least 4 servings of fruits daily (FRD group) vs. less than 2 servings/day (control group). | The effect of a fruit-rich diet on liver biomarkers, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial.cited 19× |
| low-energy, high-protein diet | Decreases - reductions in | total cholesterol | Human | obese men with obstructive sleep apnea | Not specified | One-month of a low-energy diet, with no additional effect of high-protein, reduces Obstructive Sleep Apnea severity and improve metabolic parameters in obese males.cited 10× |
| a diet containing a certain dose of plant sterol | Decreases - significantly reduced | low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | patients with hypercholesterolemia | Not specified | Effects of phytosterol supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 11× |
| a diet containing a certain dose of plant sterol | Decreases - significantly reduced | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | patients with hypercholesterolemia | Not specified | Effects of phytosterol supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.cited 11× |
| low-fat, vegan diet | Decreases - fell more | fat and cholesterol intake | Human | Individuals with type 2 diabetes | Not specified (dietary intervention). | A low-fat vegan diet elicits greater macronutrient changes, but is comparable in adherence and acceptability, compared with a more conventional diabetes diet among individuals with type 2 diabetes.cited 92× |
| high-monounsaturated-fat diet | Increases - higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol | high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol | Human | 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) receiving insulin therapy | High-carbohydrate diet: 60% carbohydrates (47% complex carbohydrates), 25% fat. | Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.cited 329× |
| high-monounsaturated-fat diet | No effect - did not differ significantly in levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol | Human | 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) receiving insulin therapy | High-carbohydrate diet: 60% carbohydrates (47% complex carbohydrates), 25% fat. | Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.cited 329× |
| high-monounsaturated-fat diet | No effect - did not differ significantly in levels of total cholesterol | total cholesterol | Human | 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) receiving insulin therapy | High-carbohydrate diet: 60% carbohydrates (47% complex carbohydrates), 25% fat. | Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.cited 329× |
| high-monounsaturated-fat diet | Decreases - lower levels of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) receiving insulin therapy | High-carbohydrate diet: 60% carbohydrates (47% complex carbohydrates), 25% fat. | Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.cited 329× |
| high-monounsaturated-fat diet | Decreases - was lower | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | people with type 1 diabetes | 17% to 20% of total daily calories from monounsaturated fat. | Impact of a high-monounsaturated-fat diet on lipid profile in subjects with type 1 diabetes.cited 9× |
| high-monounsaturated-fat diet | Decreases - lower | very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | people with type 1 diabetes | 17% to 20% of total daily calories from monounsaturated fat. | Impact of a high-monounsaturated-fat diet on lipid profile in subjects with type 1 diabetes.cited 9× |
| soybean oil (SBO) diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL cholesterol | Human | healthy participants | Test fats contributed 20% of total energy intake (33% total fat). | Eucaloric diets enriched in palm olein, cocoa butter, and soybean oil did not differentially affect liver fat concentration in healthy participants: a 16-week randomized controlled trial.cited 13× |
| soybean oil (SBO) diet | Decreases - decreased | serum total cholesterol (TC) | Human | healthy participants | Test fats contributed 20% of total energy intake (33% total fat). | Eucaloric diets enriched in palm olein, cocoa butter, and soybean oil did not differentially affect liver fat concentration in healthy participants: a 16-week randomized controlled trial.cited 13× |
| soybean oil (SBO) diet | Decreases - decreased | TC:HDL cholesterol ratio | Human | healthy participants | Test fats contributed 20% of total energy intake (33% total fat). | Eucaloric diets enriched in palm olein, cocoa butter, and soybean oil did not differentially affect liver fat concentration in healthy participants: a 16-week randomized controlled trial.cited 13× |
| model control (MC) group diet | Decreases - significantly lower | expressions of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) | Animal | Sprague-Dawley rats | — | Impact of protein intake from a caloric-restricted diet on liver lipid metabolism in overweight and obese rats of different sexes. |
| a low-fat vegetarian diet | Decreases - statistically significant reductions | total cholesterol | Human | previously non-vegetarian subjects from a Mediterranean population | A whole lacto-vegetarian diet low in fat (20%) was provided as a full daily menu. | [SHORT TERM EFFECTS ON LIPID PROFILE AND GLYCAEMIA OF A LOW-FAT VEGETARIAN DIET].cited 9× |
| a low-fat vegetarian diet | Decreases - produces favourable and significant decreases | total cholesterol | Human | — | A whole lacto-vegetarian diet low in fat (20%) was provided as a full daily menu. | [SHORT TERM EFFECTS ON LIPID PROFILE AND GLYCAEMIA OF A LOW-FAT VEGETARIAN DIET].cited 9× |
| ketogenic diet protocol | Decreases - significant decreases | total cholesterol | Human | 34 male overweight subjects; aged between 25 and 65 years who were overall healthy apart from overweight | Not specified | Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3) supplementation on some cardiovascular risk factors with a ketogenic Mediterranean diet.cited 52× |
| cholesterol-enriched diet | Increases - showed significantly higher | serum cholesterol level | Animal | Male Wistar rats | Not specified | Effect of a multivitamin preparation supplemented with phytosterol on serum lipids and infarct size in rats fed with normal and high cholesterol diet.cited 16× |
| replacement diet with ancient khorasan wheat products | Decreases - significantly reduced | cholesterol | Human | patients with NAFLD | — | A Khorasan Wheat-Based Replacement Diet Improves Risk Profile of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Randomized Clinical Trial.cited 16× |
| high-MUFA diet | Increases - comparable improvement | HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight/obese participants with type 2 diabetes | Not specified | One-year comparison of a high-monounsaturated fat diet with a high-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes.cited 136× |
| MIND diet | Decreases - lowering | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | Kurdish adults between the ages of 39 and 53 | Not specified | Associations between adherence to MIND diet and general obesity and lipid profile: A cross-sectional study.cited 15× |
| MIND diet | Decreases - significant inverse association | odds of reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) | Human | Iranian adults | Not specified | Associations between adherence to MIND diet and metabolic syndrome and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study.cited 33× |
| strict, low-salt, uncooked vegan diet rich in lactobacteria | Decreases - statistically significant lowering | Total serum cholesterol | Human | 18 fibromyalgia patients | Not specified (strict, low-salt, uncooked vegan diet). | Vegan diet alleviates fibromyalgia symptoms.cited 68× |
| calorie-restricted, low-fat diet | Decreases - decreased | fasting LDL cholesterol | Human | Healthy, obese adults | High-fat diet: ≤20 g carbohydrates/day; high-carb diet: 55% of total energy intake from carbohydrates. | Lack of suppression of circulating free fatty acids and hypercholesterolemia during weight loss on a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet.cited 40× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (< or =20 g/d) | Increases - increased | LDL-cholesterol concentrations | Human | Healthy, obese adults | High-fat diet: ≤20 g carbohydrates/day; high-carb diet: 55% of total energy intake from carbohydrates. | Lack of suppression of circulating free fatty acids and hypercholesterolemia during weight loss on a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet.cited 40× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (< or =20 g/d) | No effect - no diet treatment effect | remnant lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | Healthy, obese adults | High-fat diet: ≤20 g carbohydrates/day; high-carb diet: 55% of total energy intake from carbohydrates. | Lack of suppression of circulating free fatty acids and hypercholesterolemia during weight loss on a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet.cited 40× |
| Spirulina platensis (Cyanobacteriaceae) supplementation combined with local diet | Increases - significant increase | HDL-cholesterol | Human | HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients | Not specified | Effects of Spirulina platensis supplementation on lipid profile in HIV-infected antiretroviral naïve patients in Yaounde-Cameroon: a randomized trial study.cited 29× |
| Spirulina platensis (Cyanobacteriaceae) supplementation combined with local diet | Decreases - significant decrease | LDL-cholesterol | Human | HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients | Not specified | Effects of Spirulina platensis supplementation on lipid profile in HIV-infected antiretroviral naïve patients in Yaounde-Cameroon: a randomized trial study.cited 29× |
| Spirulina platensis (Cyanobacteriaceae) supplementation combined with local diet | Decreases - significant decrease | total cholesterol | Human | HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients | Not specified | Effects of Spirulina platensis supplementation on lipid profile in HIV-infected antiretroviral naïve patients in Yaounde-Cameroon: a randomized trial study.cited 29× |
| calorie-restricted legume-based diet (L-diet) | Decreases - reduction (%) in CRP concentrations was positively associated with decreases (%) in total cholesterol concentration | CRP concentrations and total cholesterol concentration | Human | obese subjects | 4 weekly servings (160-235 g per serving) of lentils, chickpeas, peas, or beans. | A legume-based hypocaloric diet reduces proinflammatory status and improves metabolic features in overweight/obese subjects.cited 142× |
| calorie-restricted legume-based diet (L-diet) | Decreases - improved | Total and LDL cholesterol levels | Human | obese subjects | 4 weekly servings (160-235 g per serving) of lentils, chickpeas, peas, or beans. | A legume-based hypocaloric diet reduces proinflammatory status and improves metabolic features in overweight/obese subjects.cited 142× |
| addition of two eggs per day to a plant-based diet | Increases - increased | HDL cholesterol | Human | individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) | Two eggs per day (or equivalent egg substitute) with 70 g of spinach for breakfast. | Eggs Improve Plasma Biomarkers in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Following a Plant-Based Diet-A Randomized Crossover Study.cited 10× |
| low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet | Increases - showed moderate, likely beneficial effects | HDL cholesterol | Human | at-risk New Zealand Defence Force personnel | Not specified. | A 12-week low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet improves metabolic health outcomes over a control diet in a randomised controlled trial with overweight defence force personnel.cited 17× |
| low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet | Increases - significantly increased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) | Human | at-risk New Zealand Defence Force personnel | Not specified. | A 12-week low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet improves metabolic health outcomes over a control diet in a randomised controlled trial with overweight defence force personnel.cited 17× |
| low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet | Increases - showed small, likely harmful effect | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | at-risk New Zealand Defence Force personnel | Not specified. | A 12-week low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet improves metabolic health outcomes over a control diet in a randomised controlled trial with overweight defence force personnel.cited 17× |
| low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet | Increases - higher | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | participants with T2DM | HCLF diet with 50-60% carbohydrates, 20-30% fats, and 20-25% proteins. | Effect of Calorie-Unrestricted Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Versus High-Carbohydrate, Low-Fat Diet on Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease : A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 60× |
| low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet | Increases - less favorable changes in | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | participants with T2DM | HCLF diet with 50-60% carbohydrates, 20-30% fats, and 20-25% proteins. | Effect of Calorie-Unrestricted Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet Versus High-Carbohydrate, Low-Fat Diet on Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease : A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 60× |
| enriched-polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet | Increases - increased | HDL-cholesterol | Human | A-allele carriers | Not specified | [Influence of rs670 variant of APOA1 gene on serum HDL response to an enriched-polyunsaturated vs. an enriched-monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet].cited 2× |
| enriched-polyunsaturated fat hypocaloric diet | Decreases - decreased | LDL-cholesterol | Human | A-allele carriers | Not specified | [Influence of rs670 variant of APOA1 gene on serum HDL response to an enriched-polyunsaturated vs. an enriched-monounsaturated fat hypocaloric diet].cited 2× |
| conjugated linoleic acid supplementation (CLA) with a weight loss diet and 400 IU vitamin E | Decreases - significantly decreased | total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein ratio | Human | obese NAFLD patients | Three 1000 mg softgels of CLA daily, alongside a weight loss diet and 400 IU vitamin E. | Conjugated linoleic acid improves glycemic response, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.cited 25× |
| lutein along with a low-calorie diet (LCD) | No effect - no significant changes were observed | HDL-cholesterol | Human | obese middle-aged individuals | 20 mg/d | Lutein supplementation combined with a low-calorie diet in middle-aged obese individuals: effects on anthropometric indices, body composition and metabolic parameters.cited 16× |
| lutein along with a low-calorie diet (LCD) | Decreases - significantly decreased | LDL-cholesterol | Human | obese middle-aged individuals | 20 mg/d | Lutein supplementation combined with a low-calorie diet in middle-aged obese individuals: effects on anthropometric indices, body composition and metabolic parameters.cited 16× |
| lutein along with a low-calorie diet (LCD) | Decreases - significantly decreased | serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) | Human | obese middle-aged individuals | 20 mg/d | Lutein supplementation combined with a low-calorie diet in middle-aged obese individuals: effects on anthropometric indices, body composition and metabolic parameters.cited 16× |
| dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet | Decreases - significantly associated with | lowered cholesterol | Human | 141 middle-aged adults | Not specified | The Association Between Diet and Cardio-Metabolic Risk on Cognitive Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study of Middle-Aged Australian Adults.cited 7× |
| supplementing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in breeder hens diet | Decreases - decreased | serum total cholesterol levels | Animal | chick offspring | — | Supplementing conjugated linoleic acid in breeder hens diet increased conjugated linoleic acid incorporation in liver and alters hepatic lipid metabolism in chick offspring.cited 3× |
| diet rich in kernel-based barley products, brown beans and chickpeas (D1, diet 1 (functional diet)) | Decreases - decreased | HDL-cholesterol levels | Human | forty-six overweight women (50-72 years, BMI 25-33 kg/m² and normal fasting glycaemia) | 82 g/d chickpeas (as part of D1). | Combining functional features of whole-grain barley and legumes for dietary reduction of cardiometabolic risk: a randomised cross-over intervention in mature women.cited 36× |
| diet rich in kernel-based barley products, brown beans and chickpeas (D1, diet 1 (functional diet)) | Decreases - had a greater effect on | LDL-cholesterol levels | Human | forty-six overweight women (50-72 years, BMI 25-33 kg/m² and normal fasting glycaemia) | 82 g/d chickpeas (as part of D1). | Combining functional features of whole-grain barley and legumes for dietary reduction of cardiometabolic risk: a randomised cross-over intervention in mature women.cited 36× |
| diet rich in kernel-based barley products, brown beans and chickpeas (D1, diet 1 (functional diet)) | Decreases - decreased | LDL-cholesterol levels | Human | forty-six overweight women (50-72 years, BMI 25-33 kg/m² and normal fasting glycaemia) | 82 g/d chickpeas (as part of D1). | Combining functional features of whole-grain barley and legumes for dietary reduction of cardiometabolic risk: a randomised cross-over intervention in mature women.cited 36× |
| diet rich in kernel-based barley products, brown beans and chickpeas (D1, diet 1 (functional diet)) | Decreases - decreased | serum total cholesterol levels | Human | forty-six overweight women (50-72 years, BMI 25-33 kg/m² and normal fasting glycaemia) | 82 g/d chickpeas (as part of D1). | Combining functional features of whole-grain barley and legumes for dietary reduction of cardiometabolic risk: a randomised cross-over intervention in mature women.cited 36× |
| diet rich in kernel-based barley products, brown beans and chickpeas (D1, diet 1 (functional diet)) | Decreases - had a greater effect on | total cholesterol levels | Human | forty-six overweight women (50-72 years, BMI 25-33 kg/m² and normal fasting glycaemia) | 82 g/d chickpeas (as part of D1). | Combining functional features of whole-grain barley and legumes for dietary reduction of cardiometabolic risk: a randomised cross-over intervention in mature women.cited 36× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LC) | Increases - significantly increased | HDL cholesterol | Human | overweight/obese Chinese females | Not specified | Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females.cited 25× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LC) | Decreases - significantly reduced | LDL cholesterol | Human | overweight/obese Chinese females | Not specified | Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females.cited 25× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LC) | Decreases - significantly reduced | total cholesterol | Human | overweight/obese Chinese females | Not specified | Non-Energy-Restricted Low-Carbohydrate Diet Combined with Exercise Intervention Improved Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight Chinese Females.cited 25× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Increases - may promote favourable outcomes | HDL cholesterol | Human | adults with type 2 diabetes | Not specified (varied by study). | The interpretation and effect of a low-carbohydrate diet in the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.cited 113× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Increases - greater increases in HDL cholesterol level | HDL cholesterol level | Human | 148 men and women without clinical cardiovascular disease and diabetes | Low-carbohydrate (<40 g/d) or low-fat (<30% of daily energy intake from total fat, <7% saturated fat). | Effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: a randomized trial.cited 208× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - greater decreases in ratio of total-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol | ratio of total-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol | Human | 148 men and women without clinical cardiovascular disease and diabetes | Low-carbohydrate (<40 g/d) or low-fat (<30% of daily energy intake from total fat, <7% saturated fat). | Effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: a randomized trial.cited 208× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Increases - increase | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | 1,141 obese patients | Not specified | Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors.cited 199× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | No effect - did not change significantly | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | 1,141 obese patients | Not specified | Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors.cited 199× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Increases - were significantly higher than those of the LFD | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) | Human | adolescents with overweight and obesity | Not specified | Low-Carbohydrate Diet is More Helpful for Weight Loss Than Low-Fat Diet in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 2× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | No effect - no significant difference | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) | Human | adolescents with overweight and obesity | Not specified | Low-Carbohydrate Diet is More Helpful for Weight Loss Than Low-Fat Diet in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 2× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | No effect - no significant difference | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | adolescents with overweight and obesity | Not specified | Low-Carbohydrate Diet is More Helpful for Weight Loss Than Low-Fat Diet in Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 2× |
| low-carbohydrate (LC) diet | Increases - only improved | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | persons with obesity | <40% energy from carbohydrates (low-carbohydrate diet), <30% energy from fat (low-fat diet) | Effects of macronutrient intake in obesity: a meta-analysis of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on markers of the metabolic syndrome.cited 35× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Increases - had greater increases | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | 307 participants with a mean age of 45.5 years and mean body mass index of 36.1 kg/m(2) | 1200 to 1800 kcal/day, ≤30% calories from fat. | Weight and metabolic outcomes after 2 years on a low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diet: a randomized trial.cited 372× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - had lesser reductions | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | 307 participants with a mean age of 45.5 years and mean body mass index of 36.1 kg/m(2) | 1200 to 1800 kcal/day, ≤30% calories from fat. | Weight and metabolic outcomes after 2 years on a low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diet: a randomized trial.cited 372× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Decreases - had greater reductions | very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | 307 participants with a mean age of 45.5 years and mean body mass index of 36.1 kg/m(2) | 1200 to 1800 kcal/day, ≤30% calories from fat. | Weight and metabolic outcomes after 2 years on a low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diet: a randomized trial.cited 372× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Increases - increased | LDL cholesterol | Human | trials with mean baseline BMI <25 | <130 g/d carbohydrate | Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with normal but not high body weight: A meta-analysis.cited 16× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | No effect - did not change | LDL cholesterol | Human | trials with a mean of BMI 25-<35 | <130 g/d carbohydrate | Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with normal but not high body weight: A meta-analysis.cited 16× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Decreases - decreased | LDL cholesterol | Human | trials with a mean BMI ≥35 | <130 g/d carbohydrate | Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with normal but not high body weight: A meta-analysis.cited 16× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Decreases - had a strong inverse association with | LDL cholesterol change | Human | participants in randomized controlled trials | <130 g/d carbohydrate | Increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet in adults with normal but not high body weight: A meta-analysis.cited 16× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Increases - favourable changes | lipid profile of HDL cholesterol | Human | patients with type 2 diabetes | Not Assessed | The use of low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes - benefits and risks.cited 14× |
| low carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Increases - may increase the level of | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | — | Not specified | Statin therapy is not warranted for a person with high LDL-cholesterol on a low-carbohydrate diet.cited 11× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Increases - increased | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | Human | adults with overweight or obesity | Carbohydrate intake < 50 g/day | Low-carbohydrate diets lead to greater weight loss and better glucose homeostasis than exercise: a randomized clinical trial.cited 14× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Decreases - significant inverse relation was observed between | low HDL cholesterol | Human | all participants | Not specified (LCD score calculated based on deciles of energy percentages from macronutrients). | The association between low-carbohydrate diet score and metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults.cited 11× |
| low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) | Decreases - significant inverse relation was observed between | low HDL cholesterol | Human | men | Not specified (LCD score calculated based on deciles of energy percentages from macronutrients). | The association between low-carbohydrate diet score and metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults.cited 11× |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Increases - increase in | serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | a proportion of individuals | Not specified | Can low-carbohydrate diets be recommended for reducing cardiovascular risk? |
| low-carbohydrate diet | Increases - change in serum total cholesterol | serum total cholesterol | Human | — | Not specified | The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis.cited 58× |
| low carbohydrate diet | No effect - significantly altered | Steroid profiles, alongside serum cholesterol and cholesteryl ester levels | Animal | — | Not specified | A low carbohydrate, high protein diet suppresses intratumoral androgen synthesis and slows castration-resistant prostate tumor growth in mice.cited 23× |
| low carbohydrate (LC) diet | Increases - increased | total cholesterol | Human | mostly obese participants with T2D | Not specified | Comparison of the Effectiveness of Low Carbohydrate Versus Low Fat Diets, in Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.cited 18× |
| combination of exercise training and fiber-rich diet | Decreases - decreased | plasma cholesterol levels | Animal | Male APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice | 10% inulin (fiber) in the diet. | Combination of dietary fiber and exercise training improves fat loss in mice but does not ameliorate MASLD more than exercise alone. |
| low-fat/low-calorie diet | Decreases - reduced | serum cholesterol | Human | patients with NASH | Once daily for 12 weeks (exact dosage not specified). | Treatment efficacy of a probiotic preparation for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A pilot trial.cited 78× |
| behavioral counseling interventions to improve diet and increase physical activity | Decreases - were associated with small, statistically significant reductions | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | people with elevated blood pressure or lipid levels | Median of 6 contact hours and 12 sessions over 12 months (varied by low, medium, or high contact time). | Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.cited 86× |
| MBP-NC (nutraceutical combination of red yeast rice extract, berberine, policosanols) in association with a hypolipidic diet | Decreases - significantly reduced | total cholesterol levels | Human | patients with low- to moderate-risk hypercholesterolemia | 200 mg red yeast rice extract (equivalent to 3 mg monacolins), 500 mg berberine, and 10 mg policosanols once daily after dinner. | Efficacy and Tolerability of a Nutraceutical Combination (Red Yeast Rice, Policosanols, and Berberine) in Patients with Low-Moderate Risk Hypercholesterolemia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.cited 33× |
| low-fat (≤10% of calories), high-carbohydrate (~80% of calories), moderate-sodium, purely plant-based diet ad libitum for 7 days | Decreases - decrease | total cholesterol | Human | 1615 participants in a 10-day residential dietary intervention program | Ad libitum consumption of a low-fat (≤10% of calories), high-carbohydrate (~80% of calories), moderate-sodium, purely plant-based diet. | Effects of 7 days on an ad libitum low-fat vegan diet: the McDougall Program cohort.cited 46× |
| calorie-restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet | Decreases - decreased | Total cholesterol | Human | sedentary obese older adults | 3 oz (85 g) or 6 oz (170.1 g) of lean fresh beef daily within a standardized calorie-restricted DASH-like diet. | Cardiometabolic Changes in Response to a Calorie-Restricted DASH Diet in Obese Older Adults.cited 9× |
| soy lecithin diet | Decreases - lower | cholesterol concentration in the Longissimus dorsi | Animal | Hanwoo steers | 0.5% of alcohol-fermented feed (AFF). | Effect of soy lecithin on total cholesterol content, fatty acid composition and carcass characteristics in the Longissimus dorsi of Hanwoo steers (Korean native cattle).cited 8× |
| low energy diet containing condensed processed yogurt (Kashk) | Decreases - significantly decreased | low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels | Human | women with overweight/obesity | 50 g of Kashk daily | Effect of a low energy diet, containing a high protein, probiotic condensed yogurt, on biochemical and anthropometric measurements among women with overweight/obesity: A randomised controlled trial.cited 14× |
| Paleolithic diet (PD) | Decreases - impact was stronger | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | healthy and unhealthy adults | Not specified | Paleolithic Diet-Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?cited 17× |
| Paleolithic diet (PD) | Decreases - cased a decline | low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) | Human | healthy and unhealthy adults | Not specified | Paleolithic Diet-Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?cited 17× |
| Paleolithic diet (PD) | Decreases - impact was stronger | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | healthy and unhealthy adults | Not specified | Paleolithic Diet-Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?cited 17× |
| Paleolithic diet (PD) | Decreases - cased a decline | total cholesterol (TC) | Human | healthy and unhealthy adults | Not specified | Paleolithic Diet-Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?cited 17× |
| high-cholesterol diet (HCD) | Decreases - significantly dropped | HDL cholesterol | Animal | rats | 0.5 mL/kg | The Impact of Dietary Consumption of Palm Oil and Olive Oil on Lipid Profile and Hepatocyte Injury in Hypercholesterolemic Rats.cited 6× |
| high-cholesterol diet (HCD) | Increases - significantly increased | LDL cholesterol | Animal | rats | 0.5 mL/kg | The Impact of Dietary Consumption of Palm Oil and Olive Oil on Lipid Profile and Hepatocyte Injury in Hypercholesterolemic Rats.cited 6× |
| high-cholesterol diet (HCD) | Increases - significantly increased | total cholesterol | Animal | rats | 0.5 mL/kg | The Impact of Dietary Consumption of Palm Oil and Olive Oil on Lipid Profile and Hepatocyte Injury in Hypercholesterolemic Rats.cited 6× |
| high-cholesterol diet (HCD) | Increases - significantly increased | vLDL cholesterol | Animal | rats | 0.5 mL/kg | The Impact of Dietary Consumption of Palm Oil and Olive Oil on Lipid Profile and Hepatocyte Injury in Hypercholesterolemic Rats.cited 6× |
| high-cholesterol diet | Increases - increased | hippocampal CA1 region cholesterol levels | Animal | rat model | — | Cholesterol intake and statin use regulate neuronal G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels. |
| high cholesterol diet (HCD) | Increases - significant (p < 0.001) increase | levels of total cholesterol (TC) | Animal | rats | Not specified | Lipid-lowering effect of Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) fruit extract in hypercholesterolemic rats.cited 26× |
| High-cholesterol diet (HCD) | Increases - significantly increased | serum cholesterol | Animal | rats | Not specified (study mentions "Dill tablet" but does not detail dosage). | Dill tablet and Ocimum basilicum aqueous extract: Promising therapeutic agents for improving cognitive deficit in hypercholesterolemic rats.cited 10× |
| high cholesterol (HC) diet | Increases - significantly elevated | serum cholesterol concentrations | Animal | rats | — | Polysaccharide from fuzi (FPS) prevents hypercholesterolemia in rats. |
| high cholesterol diet | Increases - showed an increase | serum cholesterol level | Animal | mice | — | Effects of statins and cholesterol on memory functions in mice. |
| high cholesterol diet (HCD) | Increases - exhibited | serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels | AnimalMolecular | zebrafish | Final concentration of 0.1 mg/ml in vitro; dosage in vivo not specified. | Grape skin and loquat leaf extracts and acai puree have potent anti-atherosclerotic and anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo in hypercholesterolemic zebrafish.cited 30× |
| high-cholesterol diet | Increases - showed elevated | total cholesterol levels | Molecular | hamsters | — | In vivo biochemical and gene expression analyses of the antioxidant activities and hypocholesterolaemic properties of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract. |
| high protein and low glycemic load diet | Increases - increased | dietetic cholesterol | Human | intervention group | High-protein group: 1.3-1.4 g/kg/day; control group: 0.8-1.0 g/kg/day. | Effect of an intensive nutrition intervention of a high protein and low glycemic load diet on weight of kidney transplant recipients: a randomized clinical trial. |
| fructose-enriched diet | Increases - elevated levels | total cholesterol (TC) | Animal | rats | 20% casein diet supplemented with pumpkin protein (exact dosage not specified). | Effects of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Seed Protein on Blood Pressure, Plasma Lipids, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Oxidative Stress in Rats with Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.cited 1× |
| The diet rich in n-6PUFA | Decreases - decreased | LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) level | Human | — | Not specified. | Improvement of the omega 3 index of healthy subjects does not alter the effects of dietary saturated fats or n-6PUFA on LDL profiles.cited 14× |
| cafeteria diet (CAFD) | Increases - increased | hepatic content of total cholesterol | Animal | adult male Wistar rats | 400 mg/kg | Nicotinamide riboside and dietary restriction effects on gut microbiota and liver inflammatory and morphologic markers in cafeteria diet-induced obesity in rats.cited 7× |
| Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet using local foodstuffs | Decreases - significant decreases | total-cholesterol | Human | test group | Maximum of 2000 kcal/day. | Assessing the effectiveness of a DASH diet in hypertensive patients attending the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital - Cameroon: a case-control study. |
| prudent diet | Decreases - decreased | high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level | Human | patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia | 5.1 g of psyllium twice daily. | Comparison of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid and cellulose as adjuncts to a prudent diet in the treatment of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.cited 58× |