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Evidence suggests Iron mayincreaseCancer risk.
16 studies (18 claims)
Emerging evidence
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary total iron intake | Decreases - could decrease the risk | esophageal cancer | Human | — | Not specified. | Iron intake and multiple health outcomes: Umbrella review.cited 21× |
| Heme iron intake | Increases - positively associated | colorectal cancer | Human | — | Not specified. | Iron intake and multiple health outcomes: Umbrella review.cited 21× |
| superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) | Increases - enables positive nanoparticle contrast within tumours | detection of diffuse brain cancer | Animal | glioblastoma models | Not specified | Enhanced detection of glioblastoma vasculature with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and MRI. |
| intravenous (i.v.) iron | No effect - efficacy and tolerability has been clinically evaluated and reviewed | cancer-related anemia and iron deficiency | Human | — | Not specified | Epidemiological and nonclinical studies investigating effects of iron in carcinogenesis--a critical review.cited 53× |
| long-term i.v. iron treatment | No effect - is not associated with increased | cancer risk | Human | hemodialysis patients | Not specified | Epidemiological and nonclinical studies investigating effects of iron in carcinogenesis--a critical review.cited 53× |
| intravenous iron supplementation | No effect - Special emphasis is given | iron deficiency in cancer patients | Human | cancer patients | Not specified | Iron metabolism and iron supplementation in cancer patients.cited 89× |
| iron deficiency | Increases - are more vulnerable to | comorbidities such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, metabolic diseases, osteoporosis, obesity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, cognitive decline, dementia, and stroke | Human | Postmenopausal women | Not specified | A systematic review on the impact of nutrition and possible supplementation on the deficiency of vitamin complexes, iron, omega-3-fatty acids, and lycopene in relation to increased morbidity in women after menopause.cited 8× |
| excess iron | Increases - potentiating the development of | many diseases such as cancer | Human | — | Not specified. | Dietary Iron and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Review of Human Population Studies.cited 28× |
| low systemic iron levels | Increases - associated with | pathogenesis of colorectal cancer | Human | — | Not specified | Flipside of the Coin: Iron Deficiency and Colorectal Cancer.cited 41× |
| reduced iron intake | Increases - associated with | pathogenesis of colorectal cancer | Human | — | Not specified | Flipside of the Coin: Iron Deficiency and Colorectal Cancer.cited 41× |
| child iron supplementation | Decreases - associated with | cancer risk | Human | children aged 1-19 yr at diagnosis | Not specified (duration categories: 6, 12, and 18+ months of any breastfeeding). | Breastfeeding, Other Early Life Exposures and Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma.cited 28× |
| iron chelators | Decreases - act to prevent cancer cell growth | cancer cell growth | HumanMolecular | — | Not specified | Supportive therapies for prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and preservation of liver function.cited 14× |
| dietary iron intake | Increases - was associated with an increased | breast cancer risk | Human | women from the SU.VI.MAX trial | Not specified (assessed via repeated 24h dietary records). | Dietary iron intake and breast cancer risk: modulation by an antioxidant supplementation.cited 25× |
| dietary iron intake | Increases - was observed in the placebo group | breast cancer risk | Human | placebo group | Not specified (assessed via repeated 24h dietary records). | Dietary iron intake and breast cancer risk: modulation by an antioxidant supplementation.cited 25× |
| dietary iron intake | No effect - was not observed in the antioxidant-supplemented group | breast cancer risk | Human | antioxidant-supplemented group | Not specified (assessed via repeated 24h dietary records). | Dietary iron intake and breast cancer risk: modulation by an antioxidant supplementation.cited 25× |
| dietary iron intake | Increases - was more specifically observed in women with higher lipid intake | breast cancer risk | Human | women with higher lipid intake in the placebo group | Not specified (assessed via repeated 24h dietary records). | Dietary iron intake and breast cancer risk: modulation by an antioxidant supplementation.cited 25× |
| magnetic targeting with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles | Increases - demonstrate the benefit of | cytotoxicity enhancement of lutein (LUT) against breast cancer cells | Human | breast cancer cells | Not specified. | Lutein-loaded chitosan/alginate-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles as effective targeted carriers for breast cancer treatment.cited 18× |
| IV iron | No effect - affirm the efficacy and safety | cancer-related anemia (CRA) | Human | — | Not specified | Update on iron supplementation in patients with cancer-related anemia. |
| IV iron | No effect - remains underutilized | cancer-related anemia (CRA) | Human | — | Not specified | Update on iron supplementation in patients with cancer-related anemia. |