11
3
4
↑11
↓3
—4
Evidence suggests Calcium mayincreaseBone mineral density.
18 studies (18 claims)
Moderate consensus
Typical effective dose 25 (0–52.5) mgacross 4 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| denosumab | Increases - has been shown to improve | bone mineral density | Human | CKD | Not specified | Denosumab in chronic kidney disease: a narrative review of treatment efficacy and safety.cited 26× |
| balanced protein calorie supplementation | No effect - no strong evidence of a positive association was found | bone mineral density | Human | participants of the Hyderabad Nutrition Trial (aged 18-23 y) | Not specified | Life-course determinants of bone mass in young adults from a transitional rural community in India: the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCAPS).cited 12× |
| calorie restriction | Decreases - seems to reduce | bone mineral density | Human | — | Not specified | The effects of calorie restriction, intermittent fasting and vegetarian diets on bone health.cited 38× |
| bisphosphonate | Increases - increases | bone mineral density | Human | — | Not specified (bisphosphonate medications and dosages varied between studies). | Bisphosphonate use in children with cerebral palsy.cited 11× |
| hormone therapy | Increases - was superior to non-treatment, placebo, calcitriol or calcium in preserving | bone mineral density | Human | women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) | Not specified | Hormone therapy in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 10× |
| antiresorptive agents | No effect - are clearly able to preserve | bone mineral density | Human | men on ADT | — | Androgen-deprivation-associated bone disease.cited 19× |
| calcium and vitamin d supplementation | Increases - improving | bone mineral density | Human | healthy males | — | The Effect of Calcium or Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Males: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 24× |
| denosumab | Increases - increase | bone mineral density | Human | kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) | 60 mg subcutaneous dose of denosumab every 6 months. | Denosumab-Induced Hypocalcemia and Hyperparathyroidism in de novo Kidney Transplant Recipients.cited 10× |
| 28 week resistance training with linear periodization | No effect - was not changed | bone mineral density | Human | premenopausal women | Not specified (resistance training only, no calcium supplementation). | Comparison of the effects of two resistance training regimens on muscular and bone responses in premenopausal women.cited 12× |
| oral supplementation with antioxidant agents containing alpha lipoic acid plus calcium and vitamin d3 | Increases - led to a better estimated BMD compared to the control group | bone mineral density | Human | osteopenic postmenopausal women | Not specified (only mentions "calcium and vitamin D3" without dosage details). | Oral supplementation with antioxidant agents containing alpha lipoic acid: effects on postmenopausal bone mass.cited 18× |
| parathyroidectomy | Increases - impact of | bone mineral density | Human | patients with PHPT | Not mentioned | Predictors of bone mineral density improvement in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism.cited 22× |
| proton pump inhibitor | Decreases - increases the risk of decrease | bone mineral density | Human | — | Calcitriol 2.5 μg once daily. | Effects of calcitriol on bone mineral density in patients treated with esomeprazole.cited 2× |
| eldecalcitol | Increases - increased | bone mineral density | Human | vitamin D-sufficient osteoporotic subjects | 0.75 μg eldecalcitol or 1.0 μg alfacalcidol daily. | Eldecalcitol increases bone mineral density in Chinese osteoporotic patients without vitamin D or calcium supplementation.cited 16× |
| pamidronate | No effect - had no significant differences | bone mineral density | Human | patients | — | Low-dose pamidronate for treatment of early bone loss following kidney transplantation: a randomized controlled trial.cited 4× |
| odanacatib | Increases - improved | bone mineral density | Human | 292 men | 50 mg once weekly. | Randomized, controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of odanacatib in the treatment of men with osteoporosis.cited 10× |
| androgen deprivation therapy | Decreases - unintended consequence | bone mineral density | Human | men with prostate cancer | 500-1,000 mg calcium and 200-500 IU vitamin D per day. | Calcium and vitamin D supplementation during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: a critical review.cited 49× |
| 800 iu daily vitamin d supplementation | Increases - increasing | bone mineral density | Human | postmenopausal women | 800 IU daily vitamin D3, with or without calcium | Efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation in preventing fractures in elderly women: a meta-analysis.cited 46× |
| herbal medicine plus supplements | Increases - tendency for notable improvement | bone mineral density | Human | primary osteoporosis patients | Not specified | Determination of the Combined Effects of Asian Herbal Medicine with Calcium and/or Vitamin D Supplements on Bone Mineral Density in Primary Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. |