29
1
5
↑29
↓1
—5
Evidence suggests Calcium mayincreaseBone health.
45 studies (35 claims)
Strong consensus
Typical effective dose 800 (500–950) IUacross 6 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D and calcium supplements | No effect - commonly used, often together, to optimize | bone health | Human | — | Not specified. | Vitamin D, Calcium Supplements, and Implications for Cardiovascular Health: JACC Focus Seminar.cited 53× |
| vitamin D combined with calcium | Increases - possible benefit | bone health | Human | — | 2000 mg calcium (combined with 800 IU vitamin D daily). | Vitamin D Supplementation in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.cited 8× |
| vitamin D and calcium | Increases - prescribing prophylactically | bone health | Human | high-risk patients | 1,000 to 1,200 mg of calcium per day; 800 to 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily. | Current concept review: vitamin D and stress fractures.cited 41× |
| 1,200 mg of calcium | Increases - may be needed | bone health | Human | certain populations | 1,000 to 1,200 mg of calcium per day; 800 to 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily. | Current concept review: vitamin D and stress fractures.cited 41× |
| at least 1,000 mg of calcium per day | Increases - required | optimal bone health | Human | — | 1,000 to 1,200 mg of calcium per day; 800 to 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 daily. | Current concept review: vitamin D and stress fractures.cited 41× |
| calcium and vitamin D | No effect - traditional focus of nutritional supplementation for protection | bone health | Human | — | Not specified | Nutrition, bone, and aging: an integrative physiology approach.cited 32× |
| calcium and vitamin D | Increases - interventions for promoting | bone health | Human | — | Not specified | Calcium and vitamin D supplementation: when and why.cited 5× |
| calcium and vitamin D | Increases - to ensure | bone health | Human | adults aged ≥65 years | Not specified | Dietary supplements and disease prevention - a global overview.cited 134× |
| calcium and vitamin D | Increases - supplement their intake | bone health | Human | patients on these agents | Not specified | Drugs that may harm bone: Mitigating the risk.cited 14× |
| calcium and vitamin D | Increases - important | bone health | Human | athletes | Not specified | Considerations for the Consumption of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in Athlete Populations.cited 10× |
| Calcium and Vitamin D | No effect - have confirmed and established roles | maintenance of proper bone health | Human | — | Not specified | B vitamins, homocysteine and bone health.cited 84× |
| A combination of routine screening, use of oral or intravenous bone-modifying agents, oral supplementation of calcium and vitamin D, and physical activity, including weight-bearing exercise | No effect - are required to maintain adequate | bone health | Human | patients during treatment for breast cancer | Not specified | Bone Health Considerations in Breast Cancer.cited 2× |
| Daily calcium 600 mg supplementation | Increases - has beneficial effect | bone health | Human | women with FF VDR genotype | 600 mg once daily as CaCO3 | Change of BMD after weaning or resumption of menstruation in Chinese women with different FokI VDR-genotypes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, calcium supplementation trial.cited 3× |
| adequate intake of calcium | Increases - improve or maintain | bone health | Human | — | Not specified | Therapeutic options in osteoporosis.cited 15× |
| regular exercise and daily calcium and vitamin D supplementation | Increases - are recommended | bone health | Human | premenopausal women with breast cancer | Daily calcium supplementation (specific dosage not mentioned). | Cancer treatment-induced bone loss in premenopausal women: a need for therapeutic intervention?cited 69× |
| bisphosphonate therapy in addition to calcium and vitamin D supplements | Increases - should be considered for | bone health | Human | women with a Z-score <-2.0 or Z-score ≤-1.0 and/or a 5-10% annual decrease in bone mineral density | Daily calcium supplementation (specific dosage not mentioned). | Cancer treatment-induced bone loss in premenopausal women: a need for therapeutic intervention?cited 69× |
| vitamin D supplementation with or without calcium | No effect - assess the effects of supplementation | bone health outcomes | Human | community-dwelling adults | Greater than 400 IU vitamin D3 and greater than 1000 mg calcium (for postmenopausal women); ≤400 IU vitamin D3 and ≤1000 mg calcium (not recommended). | Vitamin D and calcium supplementation to prevent fractures in adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.cited 159× |
| calcium supplementation at 900 mg/day | No effect - is considered as the most appropriate calcium supplementation | bone health in the greater trochanter | Human | postmenopausal women in north of China | 300, 600, and 900 mg/day of calcium (groups A, B, and C, respectively) with 800 IU/day of vitamin D. | Effect of Milk Powder Supplementation with Different Calcium Contents on Bone Mineral Density of Postmenopausal Women in Northern China: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial.cited 9× |
| inflammatory process and malabsorption of calcium and vitamin D | Decreases - negatively affected | bone health | Human | adults and children with celiac disease | Not specified | Management of bone health in patients with celiac disease: Practical guide for clinicians.cited 17× |
| 12-week, 24-session TLM program of individualized health monitoring, group health education, exercise, and calcium-vitamin D supplementation | Increases - can be effective in improving | health behaviors to maintain bone health | Human | women at high risk of osteoporosis | Not specified | Effects of a three-month therapeutic lifestyle modification program to improve bone health in postmenopausal Korean women in a rural community: a randomized controlled trial.cited 30× |
| vitamin D and calcium supplementation | No effect - treatment options are limited to | bone health abnormalities | Human | patients with inflammatory bowel disease | Not specified | Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and bone health.cited 5× |
| pharmacological calcium (+vitaminD3) | No effect - may be more cost effective | bone health | Human | T1DM in resource limited settings | Group A received 200 ml milk + 1000 IU vitamin-D3/day; Group B received 500 mg calcium carbonate + 1000 IU vitamin-D3/day. | Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation (Dairy vs. Pharmacological) on Bone Health of Underprivileged Indian Children and Youth with Type-1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.cited 3× |
| calcium supplementation | Increases - remain an important part of | bone health | Human | — | Not specified | Osteoporosis diagnosis and medical treatment.cited 21× |
| calcium supplementation | No effect - is most appropriately used in combination with vitamin D supplementation and targeted to those who are deficient in these nutrients, or in combination with antiosteoporosis medications | bone health | Human | those who are deficient in these nutrients | Not specified | Cardiovascular safety of calcium, magnesium and strontium: what does the evidence say?cited 21× |
| calcium supplementation | Increases - positive effects | bone health | Human | — | Not specified | Influence of calcium supplements on the occurrence of cardiovascular events.cited 6× |
| calcium supplementation | No effect - may not benefit | maternal bone health | Human | pregnant women with low calcium intakes | 1500 mg Ca/day (as calcium carbonate). | Effect of calcium supplementation in pregnancy on maternal bone outcomes in women with a low calcium intake.cited 74× |
| supplementation of calcium and vitamin D | Increases - may be helpful | poor bone health | Human | patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) | Not specified | Osteopenia and osteoporosis in epidermolysis bullosa.cited 16× |
| Calcium supplementation, with or without multivitamins and zinc | Increases - showed a promising improvement in bone health | bone health | Human | underprivileged premenarchal girls | 500 mg/d calcium (Ca-group), 500 mg/d calcium + multivitamin tablet containing 15 mg/d zinc (Ca+MZ-group). | School-based calcium-vitamin D with micronutrient supplementation enhances bone mass in underprivileged Indian premenarchal girls.cited 12× |
| a low-fat, low-oxalate diet combined with calcium supplementation | Increases - can improve | skeletal bone health | Animal | our model | Not specified | Lessons from rodent gastric bypass model of enteric hyperoxaluria.cited 3× |
| supplementation of calcium | Increases - improve | bone health | Human | patients receiving ADT | Not specified | Adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer: Focus on muscle and bone health.cited 16× |
| red cell transfusion, vitamin D and calcium supplementation | Increases - importance of appropriate management, including ... for improved | long-term bone health | Human | adolescents with NTD Hb E/β-thalassemia | Not specified | Prevalence of low bone mass among adolescents with nontransfusion-dependent hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia and its relationship with anemia severity.cited 11× |
| Higher maternal dietary protein and calcium intakes than usual care in concert with normal vitamin D status | No effect - may protect | bone health | Human | maternal participants during pregnancy | Individualized high dairy protein diet (specific amounts not detailed). | Individualized high dairy protein + walking program supports bone health in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.cited 5× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day) | No effect - was not enough to achieve | 25(OH)D concentration considered optimal for bone health | Human | postmenopausal women with osteoporosis | 1,200 mg calcium carbonate and 400 IU vitamin D3 daily. | Is a lower dose of vitamin D supplementation enough to increase 25(OH)D status in a sunny country?cited 16× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation | No effect - synergistic roles in maintaining | bone health | Human | postmenopausal women | Not specified | Vitamin D and calcium: what do we need to know?cited 2× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation | Increases - be prescribed | bone health | Human | patients assessed for fracture risk | Not specified | Balancing benefits and risks of glucocorticoids in rheumatic diseases and other inflammatory joint disorders: new insights from emerging data. An expert consensus paper from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO).cited 18× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation | Increases - should be included | bone health | Human | all patients with chronic liver disease | — | Osteoporosis and fractures in liver disease: relevance, pathogenesis and therapeutic implications.cited 75× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation | Increases - initiating when low are the first approaches to optimizing | bone health | Human | individuals with Rett syndrome | Not specified | Clinical Guidelines for Management of Bone Health in Rett Syndrome Based on Expert Consensus and Available Evidence.cited 39× |
| calcium and vitamin D supplementation | No effect - best studied | bone health and fracture prevention | Human | critically ill populations | Not specified | Micronutrient intake to protect against osteoporosis during and after critical illness.cited 5× |
| a targeted, multi-component resistance and impact-loading exercise programme together with a daily protein-, calcium- and vitamin D-enriched supplement | No effect - examine the efficacy | bone health | Human | men treated with ADT for prostate cancer | Not specified | Efficacy of a multi-component exercise programme and nutritional supplementation on musculoskeletal health in men treated with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer (IMPACT): study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.cited 18× |
| calcium citrate supplementation | Increases - plays a crucial role in improving | bone health | Human | elderly | 500 mg calcium citrate daily. | Evaluating adherence, tolerability and safety of oral calcium citrate in elderly osteopenic subjects: a real-life non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study.cited 2× |
| adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation | Increases - have been documented to have good impact in long-term | bone health | Human | postmenopausal women receiving AIs | Not specified | Management of bone loss in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors.cited 13× |
| calcium | Increases - positively affected | bone health | Human | — | Not specified | The role of carotenoids in bone health-A narrative review.cited 7× |
| calcium | Increases - can be recommended for proper maintenance | bone health | Human | postmenopausal women | — | A review of select vitamins and minerals used by postmenopausal women.cited 31× |
| calcium | No effect - essential nutrients for | bone health | Human | — | Not specified | Calcium and Vitamin D Deficiency in Vietnamese: Recommendations for an Intervention Strategy.cited 13× |
| Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation | Increases - may promote | bone health | Human | older population | — | The cardiovascular safety aspects of calcium supplementations: where does the truth lie? A personal perspective. |
| supplemental calcium (Ca) and vitamin D provided daily throughout IMT | Increases - improved | measures of bone health | Human | young adults entering IMT | 2000 mg calcium and 1000 IU vitamin D daily. | Association Between Single Gene Polymorphisms and Bone Biomarkers and Response to Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation in Young Adults Undergoing Military Training.cited 20× |