36
2
8
↑36
↓2
—8
Evidence suggests Caffeine mayincreaseExercise performance.
29 studies (46 claims)
Moderate consensus
Typical effective dose 6 (6–6) mgacross 2 dosed studies
Study Claims
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Type | Population | Dosage | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ketone salts-caffeine-taurine-leucine (KCT) supplementation | Increases - improved exercise performance effects | exercise performance | Human | thirteen recreationally active men | — | Acute Ketone Salts-Caffeine-Taurine-Leucine Supplementation but not Ketone Salts-Taurine-Leucine, Improves Endurance Cycling Performance.cited 1× |
| caffeine and nitrates supplementation (CAF+nitrates) | No effect - did not offer further benefits | exercise performance | Human | adults | Not specified | Effect of Caffeine and Nitrates Combination on Exercise Performance, Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 1× |
| Caffeine mouth rinsing (CMR) | Increases - has been shown to enhance | exercise performance | Human | — | — | High Dose of Caffeine Mouth Rinse Increases Resistance Training Performance in Men.cited 8× |
| caffeine supplementation | No effect - no ergogenic effect was detected | exercise performance | Human | tetraplegic participants | Not specified | Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine Consumption in a 3-min All-Out Arm Crank Test in Paraplegic and Tetraplegic Compared With Able-Bodied Individuals.cited 7× |
| caffeine supplementation | Increases - seems to enhance | short-duration exercise performance | Human | paraplegic participants | Not specified | Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine Consumption in a 3-min All-Out Arm Crank Test in Paraplegic and Tetraplegic Compared With Able-Bodied Individuals.cited 7× |
| caffeine supplementation | No effect - evaluated the effects | exercise performance | Human | CF practitioners | Not specified | Effects of diet interventions, dietary supplements, and performance-enhancing substances on the performance of CrossFit-trained individuals: A systematic review of clinical studies.cited 13× |
| caffeine supplementation | Increases - significantly enhanced | resistance exercise performance | Human | resistance-trained men who were homozygous for the A allele | — | The effect of CYP1A2 genotype on the ergogenic properties of caffeine during resistance exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.cited 45× |
| caffeine supplementation | No effect - no effect | resistance exercise performance | Human | resistance-trained men who were C allele carriers | — | The effect of CYP1A2 genotype on the ergogenic properties of caffeine during resistance exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.cited 45× |
| 3 mg·kg body mass of anhydrous caffeine | Increases - improved | endurance exercise performance | Human | men | — | Women Experience the Same Ergogenic Response to Caffeine as Men.cited 45× |
| 3 mg·kg body mass of anhydrous caffeine | Increases - improved | endurance exercise performance | Human | women | — | Women Experience the Same Ergogenic Response to Caffeine as Men.cited 45× |
| coffee and caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) consumption | Increases - improving | general exercise performance | Human | — | — | Extrapolating the Coffee and Caffeine (1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine) Effects on Exercise and Metabolism-A Concise Review.cited 1× |
| combination of caffeine and sodium citrate | No effect - did not provide an ergogenic effect | 1,500-m exercise performance | Human | elite wheelchair athletes | Not specified | Influence of caffeine and sodium citrate ingestion on 1,500-m exercise performance in elite wheelchair athletes: a pilot study.cited 16× |
| caffeine | No effect - did not provide an ergogenic effect | 1,500-m exercise performance | Human | elite wheelchair athletes | Not specified | Influence of caffeine and sodium citrate ingestion on 1,500-m exercise performance in elite wheelchair athletes: a pilot study.cited 16× |
| low caffeine doses | No effect - few studies have assessed the ergogenic effects of | intermittent exercise performance in hot and humid environments | Human | — | — | Low caffeine dose improves intermittent sprint performance in hot and humid environments.cited 8× |
| low-dose caffeine supplementation | No effect - aimed to determine the effects of | intermittent exercise performance under these conditions | Human | Eight male soccer players | — | Low caffeine dose improves intermittent sprint performance in hot and humid environments.cited 8× |
| very low doses of caffeine | Increases - demonstrated an ergogenic effect | resistance exercise performance | Human | — | — | Exploring the minimum ergogenic dose of caffeine on resistance exercise performance: A meta-analytic approach.cited 15× |
| very low doses of caffeine | Increases - magnitude of these effects was similar to that previously reported with higher caffeine doses | resistance exercise performance | Human | — | — | Exploring the minimum ergogenic dose of caffeine on resistance exercise performance: A meta-analytic approach.cited 15× |
| caffeine ingestion | Increases - has well-established ergogenic effects | resistance exercise performance | Human | — | — | Exploring the minimum ergogenic dose of caffeine on resistance exercise performance: A meta-analytic approach.cited 15× |
| acute caffeine supplementation | Increases - improves | exercise performance | Human | team-sport athletes (TSA) | — | Does Acute Caffeine Supplementation Improve Physical Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes? Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.cited 25× |
| caffeine and caffeine plus sodium bicarbonate | Increases - improved performance compared to sodium bicarbonate | exercise performance | Human | — | — | Effects of Combining Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Exercise Performance: A Review with Suggestions for Future Research.cited 10× |
| caffeine and sodium bicarbonate | No effect - neither isolated nor combined ingestion provided a performance-enhancing effect | exercise performance | Human | — | — | Effects of Combining Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Exercise Performance: A Review with Suggestions for Future Research.cited 10× |
| caffeine | Increases - was ergogenic | exercise performance | Human | — | — | Effects of Combining Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Exercise Performance: A Review with Suggestions for Future Research.cited 10× |
| alternate caffeine sources such as caffeinated chewing gum, gel, and coffee | Increases - are also ergogenic for | resistance exercise performance | Human | — | — | Effects of Caffeine on Resistance Exercise: A Review of Recent Research.cited 52× |
| caffeine ingestion | Increases - is ergogenic for | resistance exercise performance | Human | females | — | Effects of Caffeine on Resistance Exercise: A Review of Recent Research.cited 52× |
| consuming lower doses of caffeine (e.g., 2-3 mg/kg) | Increases - appears to be comparably ergogenic to | resistance exercise performance | Human | — | — | Effects of Caffeine on Resistance Exercise: A Review of Recent Research.cited 52× |
| Habitual caffeine consumption | No effect - does not influence | the potential of caffeine as an ergogenic aid in strength endurance and jumping exercise performance | Human | strength-trained individuals | — | Habitual Caffeine Consumption Does Not Interfere With the Acute Caffeine Supplementation Effects on Strength Endurance and Jumping Performance in Trained Individuals.cited 15× |
| caffeine gum (Caff-gum) | Increases - significant overall effect | exercise performance-related outcomes | Human | healthy adults | — | Effects of caffeine chewing gum supplementation on exercise performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.cited 17× |
| pre-exercise carbohydrate and caffeine supplementation | No effect - examined the effect | endurance exercise performance | Human | Eight healthy active young males | Not specified in the abstract. | The Effect of Pre-Exercise Caffeine and Glucose Ingestion on Endurance Capacity in Hypoxia: A Double-Blind Crossover Trial. |
| caffeine ingestion | Increases - improves | exercise performance | Human | — | — | Wake up and smell the coffee: caffeine supplementation and exercise performance-an umbrella review of 21 published meta-analyses.cited 209× |
| caffeine ingestion (3 mg/kg) | Increases - improved | resistance exercise performance | Human | resistance-trained males | — | Acute effects of caffeine supplementation on resistance exercise, jumping, and Wingate performance: no influence of habitual caffeine intake.cited 28× |
| 6 mg/kgBM caffeine (CAF) | Increases - improved performance | exercise performance | Human | trained cyclists | 6 mg/kg body mass caffeine, single dose. | Placebo in sports nutrition: a proof-of-principle study involving caffeine supplementation.cited 131× |
| caffeine | Increases - improved exercise performance | exercise performance | Human | participants who correctly identified caffeine pre-exercise | 6 mg/kg body mass caffeine, single dose. | Placebo in sports nutrition: a proof-of-principle study involving caffeine supplementation.cited 131× |
| caffeine | Increases - improved exercise performance | exercise performance | Human | participants who correctly identified caffeine post-exercise | 6 mg/kg body mass caffeine, single dose. | Placebo in sports nutrition: a proof-of-principle study involving caffeine supplementation.cited 131× |
| caffeine | Increases - improved exercise performance | exercise performance | Human | overall | 6 mg/kg body mass caffeine, single dose. | Placebo in sports nutrition: a proof-of-principle study involving caffeine supplementation.cited 131× |
| Caffeine | Increases - enhances performance | endurance exercise performance | Human | — | 3-6 mg/kg before exercise or 1-2 mg/kg during exercise. | Caffeine and creatine use in sport.cited 62× |
| caffeine | Increases - improve | endurance exercise performance | Human | — | Not specified | Creatine and Caffeine: Considerations for Concurrent Supplementation.cited 31× |
| caffeine | Increases - positive effects | exercise performance | Human | — | Not specified in the abstract. | Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?cited 14× |
| caffeine | Increases - appearing consistent | exercise performance | Human | — | — | Caffeine and Exercise: What Next?cited 92× |
| caffeine | Increases - demonstrated ergogenic effects | exercise performance | Human | athletes and non-athletes | — | Caffeine and Exercise: What Next?cited 92× |
| caffeine | Increases - contributing to improved | exercise performance | Human | — | — | Novel insights on caffeine supplementation, CYP1A2 genotype, physiological responses and exercise performance.cited 28× |
| caffeine | Increases - enhanced | exercise performance | Human | participants | — | Placebo Effect of Caffeine on Substrate Oxidation during Exercise.cited 12× |
| caffeine | Increases - improved performance for | exercise performance | Human | AC genotype | — | Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| caffeine | Decreases - worsened performance for | exercise performance | Human | CC genotype | — | Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| caffeine | Increases - greater doses generating more positive SMD for | exercise performance | Human | CC genotype | — | Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| caffeine | Increases - better performance with later onset of exercise after supplementation for | exercise performance | Human | CC genotype | — | Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| caffeine | Decreases - RCOI only affected SMD of | exercise performance | Human | CC genotype | — | Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| caffeine | No effect - no influence of genotype was seen after excluding studies with RCOI | exercise performance | Human | all genotypes | — | Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| caffeine | Increases - improved performance for | exercise performance | Human | AA genotype | — | Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.cited 7× |
| caffeine | No effect - inter-individual difference in the response | exercise performance | Human | — | — | The Role of Genetics in Moderating the Inter-Individual Differences in the Ergogenicity of Caffeine.cited 52× |
| caffeine | Increases - improve exercise performance | exercise performance | Human | — | — | International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance.cited 272× |
| caffeine | Increases - acutely enhance | various aspects of exercise performance | Human | — | — | International society of sports nutrition position stand: caffeine and exercise performance.cited 272× |