Effectiveness of nurse-initiated smoking cessation intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-initiated smoking cessation programs, focusing on counseling and education interventions.
Results Summary
Nurse-initiated programs showed a significant short-term (6-month) improvement in quit rates (OR 1.43), but no significant difference was observed at 12 months (OR 1.18). Moderate heterogeneity was noted across studies.
Population
Smokers participating in nurse-led cessation programs.
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Follow-up periods of 6 and 12 months.
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nurse-initiated smoking cessation programs | increase | quit rates | - | - | have proven effective | #1 |
Nurse-initiated smoking cessation programs | increase | self-reported quit success 7-day smoking cessation rate at 6-month follow-up | - | OR 1.43 (95% CI [1.08, 1.90]) | indicating a significant difference in quit effectiveness | #2 |
Nurse-initiated smoking cessation programs | no change | 7-day point abstinence rate at 12-month follow-up | - | pooled OR 1.18 (95% CI [0.96, 1.44]) | showing no significant difference in quit effectiveness | #3 |
BACKGROUND: Smoking is a major preventable cause of death, associated with cancers and chronic diseases. Nurse-initiated smoking cessation programs have proven effective, providing counseling, education, and mental health support. These interventions increase quit rates by tackling nicotine addiction, emphasizing the important role of nurses and the need for targeted training. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential for gaining a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of various cessation strategies. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using eight electronic databases (CINAHL, EMbase, MEDLINE, Cochrane, RISS, KMbase, KISS, and NDSL). The literature search was conducted from March, 27, 2024, to August 1, 2024. All included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Quality assessment was conducted using the Risk of Bias (ROB) tool. RevMan 5.4 was used for qualitative analysis, with effect sizes measured as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Thirteen studies, all published after 2005, were included in the evidence assessment of nurse-initiated smoking cessation programs. The interventions examined comprised 11 intensive or personalized counseling programs and 3 telephone-based approaches. The OR for self-reported quit success 7-day smoking cessation rate at 6-month follow-up was 1.43 (95% CI [1.08, 1.90]), indicating a significant difference in quit effectiveness (Z = 2.27, p =.01), with moderate heterogeneity observed across studies (I2 = 67.0%, p =.001). A meta-analysis of 7-day point abstinence rate at 12-month follow-up revealed a pooled OR of 1.18 (95% CI [0.96, 1.44]), showing no significant difference in quit effectiveness (Z = 1.58, p =.11) and moderate heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 55.0%, p =.02). CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive approach by trained nursing professionals is essential in addressing the complexities of smoking cessation. Further clinical trials are needed to assess intervention methods and follow-up strategies. Future research should emphasize long-term outcomes and ongoing support to sustain behavior change, contributing to more effective, tailored cessation programs and improved public health outcomes.