Changes in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle profiles in response to one-week on a low fat or Mediterranean diet by TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype: a randomized crossover dietary intervention trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to validate whether the Mediterranean Diet (MetD) modulates the association between the TCF7L2 gene variant and cardiovascular disease risk, focusing on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein profiles.
Results Summary
The MetD significantly reduced triglyceride-rich lipoprotein concentrations compared to a low-fat diet, particularly benefiting TT genotype carriers of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant, potentially lowering their CVD risk. The diet order (LF-MetD vs. MetD-LF) also influenced triglyceride-rich lipoprotein levels.
Population
35 participants with BMI 27-34 kg/m², stratified by TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype (21 CC, 14 TT carriers).
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
1 week per diet, with a 10-day washout between interventions
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mediterranean-type diet (MetD) | decrease | triglyceride-rich lipoprotein concentrations | participants with BMI ranging from 27 to 34 kg/m2 | - | significantly reduced | #1 |
low-fat diet (LF) | increase | small VLDL particles | TT carriers of rs7903146 genotype | - | exhibited more | #2 |
low-fat diet (LF) | increase | CVD risk | TT carriers of rs7903146 genotype | - | potentially contributing to | #3 |
Mediterranean-type diet (MetD) | no change | CVD risk | TT carriers of rs7903146 genotype | - | this difference in risk was not observed | #4 |
LF-MetD regimen | decrease | triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) levels | participants with BMI ranging from 27 to 34 kg/m2 | - | showing a stronger effect on | #5 |
Mediterranean-type diet (MetD) | improve | triglyceride-rich lipoprotein profile | rs7903146 TT carriers | - | benefit more from | #6 |
Mediterranean-type diet (MetD) | decrease | risk of CVD | rs7903146 TT carriers | - | may reduce | #7 |
BACKGROUND: The TCF7L2 gene is a significant genetic factor contributing to the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We previously found that subjects with the TT genotype of TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant, who consume a low-fat diet (LF) had a higher incidence of stroke than subjects with the CC genotype. Yet this association was abolished in subjects with the TT genotype who consumed a Mediterranean-type diet (MetD). However, the mechanism by which MetD diet modulates the association between TCF7L2 and CVD risk is unclear. This study aims to validate these findings under real-world conditions and clinical practice to elucidate the biological mechanisms involved in this correlation. METHODS: Thirty-five participants with BMI ranging from 27 to 34 kg/m2 were recruited based on rs7903146 genotype. Of those consented to participate, 21 had the CC and 14 had the TT genotype. Participants were randomly assigned to two dietary intervention groups, ensuring an equal distribution of CC and TT carriers. Each participant followed one of two diets (LF or MetD) for one week, followed by a 10-day washout period before switching to the other diet for one week. Blood samples were collected before and after each diet for metabolomic analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The differential effect of the diets on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins was determined based on TCF7L2 genotype. RESULTS: The MetD significantly reduced triglyceride-rich lipoprotein concentrations compared to the LF diet. After consuming the LF diet, TT carriers exhibited more small VLDL particles, potentially contributing to CVD risk compared to CC carriers. However, this difference in risk was not observed with the MetD. Furthermore, the order in which the two diets were crossed affected the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein profile, with LF-MetD regimen showing a stronger effect on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) levels than the MetD-LF regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that rs7903146 TT carriers benefit more from a MetD than a LF diet in terms of their triglyceride-rich lipoprotein profile, which may reduce their risk of CVD. These results support the notion that genotype is a factor in determining the extent to which the MetD affects cardiovascular health.