Efficacy and Safety of Static Stretching and Daily Walking on the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in a Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Proliferative Retinopathy, and Lower-Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Case Report.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to assess the short-term safety and efficacy of static stretching combined with daily walking in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and peripheral arterial disease.
Results Summary
The study found no new intraocular hemorrhage or increased intraocular pressure during the intervention, and improvements were observed in blood pressure, glycemic control, and cardio-ankle vascular index. The combination of static stretching and walking appeared safe and effective for the studied population.
Population
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and peripheral arterial disease of the lower extremities.
Effective Dosage
40 minutes of other-movement static stretching and in-hospital walking during a two-week hospitalization phase; 20-30 minutes of automatic static stretching and outdoor walking during a two-week home phase post-discharge; 10,000 steps/day.
Duration
Four weeks (two weeks in-hospital, two weeks at home).
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aerobic exercise | increase | glycemic control and gait disturbance owing to PAD | patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | - | has been shown to be primarily effective | #1 |
static stretching (SS) and daily walking over 10,000 steps | neutral | - | patients with T2DM presenting with PDR and PAD | - | demonstrate the short-term effects | #2 |
SS and walking exercises | neutral | - | patients with T2DM presenting with PDR and PAD | - | may be safe and effective | #3 |
SS and walking exercises | no change | new intraocular hemorrhage | patients with T2DM presenting with PDR and PAD | - | No new intraocular hemorrhage was observed | #4 |
SS and walking exercises | no change | intraocular pressure (IOP) | patients with T2DM presenting with PDR and PAD | - | no increased IOP was observed | #5 |
SS and walking exercises | decrease | blood pressure | patients with T2DM presenting with PDR and PAD | - | improved | #6 |
SS and walking exercises | increase | glycemic control | patients with T2DM presenting with PDR and PAD | - | improved | #7 |
SS and walking exercises | decrease | CAVI parameters | patients with T2DM presenting with PDR and PAD | - | improved | #8 |
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities are serious complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aerobic exercise has been shown to be primarily effective for glycemic control and gait disturbance owing to PAD. However, the safety and efficacy of exercise therapy in patients with PDR remain unclear. The purpose of this case report was to demonstrate the short-term effects of static stretching (SS) and daily walking over 10,000 steps on patients with T2DM presenting with PDR and PAD. The intervention consisted of 40 minutes of other-movement SS and in-hospital walking during a two-week hospitalization phase and 20-30 minutes of automatic SS and outdoor walking during a two-week home phase post-discharge. The walking conditions consisted of 10,000 steps/day, and the rate of perceived exertion was 11-12 on the Borg scale. Outcomes included the presence of a new intraocular hemorrhage and changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, biochemical parameters, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and ankle-brachial index. No new intraocular hemorrhage or increased IOP was observed during the intervention period, and blood pressure, glycemic control, and CAVI parameters improved. The results of the intervention in this case suggest that the combination of SS and walking exercises may be safe and effective.