Effectiveness and feasibility of a theory-informed intervention to improve Mediterranean diet adherence, physical activity and cognition in older adults at risk of dementia: the MedEx-UK randomised controlled trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to test the feasibility, acceptability, and cognitive effects of a personalized theory-based intervention to improve Mediterranean diet adherence, alone or combined with physical activity, in older adults at risk of dementia.
Results Summary
The intervention improved Mediterranean diet adherence and showed cognitive benefits, including enhanced general cognition and memory, but did not significantly change physical activity levels. The effects were maintained for up to 12 months.
Population
Older adults (57-76 years, 74% female) at risk of dementia, defined using a cardiovascular risk score.
Effective Dosage
Not specified (intervention included personalized targets, web-based support, group sessions, and food provision).
Duration
24-week intervention with an optional 24-week follow-up.
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence alone | increase | MD adherence | older-adults at risk of dementia | 3.7 points on a 14-point scale (95% CI 2.9, 4.5) at 24 weeks | improved | #1 |
personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence alone | increase | MD adherence | older-adults at risk of dementia | 2.7 points (95% CI 1.6, 3.7) at 48 weeks | improved | #2 |
personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence in combination with physical activity (PA) | increase | MD adherence | older-adults at risk of dementia | 3.7 points on a 14-point scale (95% CI 2.9, 4.5) at 24 weeks | improved | #3 |
personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence in combination with physical activity (PA) | increase | MD adherence | older-adults at risk of dementia | 2.7 points (95% CI 1.6, 3.7) at 48 weeks | improved | #4 |
personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence in combination with physical activity (PA) | no change | objectively measured PA | older-adults at risk of dementia | no significant change | did not significantly change | #5 |
personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence alone | increase | general cognition | older-adults at risk of dementia | 0.22 (95% CI 0.05, 0.35) at 24 weeks | improvements in | #6 |
personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence in combination with physical activity (PA) | increase | general cognition | older-adults at risk of dementia | 0.22 (95% CI 0.05, 0.35) at 24 weeks | improvements in | #7 |
personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence alone | increase | memory | older-adults at risk of dementia | 0.31 (95% CI 0.10, 0.51) at 24 weeks | improvements in | #8 |
personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence in combination with physical activity (PA) | increase | memory | older-adults at risk of dementia | 0.31 (95% CI 0.10, 0.51) at 24 weeks | improvements in | #9 |
personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence alone | increase | select cardiovascular outcomes captured as underpinning physiological mechanisms | older-adults at risk of dementia | - | improvements in | #10 |
personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence in combination with physical activity (PA) | increase | select cardiovascular outcomes captured as underpinning physiological mechanisms | older-adults at risk of dementia | - | improvements in | #11 |
BACKGROUND: Despite an urgent need for multi-domain lifestyle interventions to reduce dementia risk, there is a lack of interventions which are informed by theory- and evidence-based behaviour change strategies, and no interventions in this domain have investigated the feasibility or effectiveness of behaviour change maintenance. We tested the feasibility, acceptability and cognitive effects of a personalised theory-based 24-week intervention to improve Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence alone, or in combination with physical activity (PA), in older-adults at risk of dementia, defined using a cardiovascular risk score. METHODS: Participants (n = 104, 74% female, 57-76 years) were randomised to three parallel intervention arms: (1) control, (2) MD, or (3) MD + PA for 24 weeks and invited to an optional 24-week follow-up period with no active intervention. Behaviour change was supported using personalised targets, a web-based intervention, group sessions and food provision. The primary outcome was behaviour change (MD adherence and PA levels), and the secondary outcomes included feasibility and acceptability, cognitive function, cardiometabolic health (BMI and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure) and process measures. RESULTS: The intervention was feasible and acceptable with the intended number of participants completing the study. Participant engagement with group sessions and food provision components was high. There was improved MD adherence in the two MD groups compared with control at 24 weeks (3.7 points on a 14-point scale (95% CI 2.9, 4.5) and 48 weeks (2.7 points (95% CI 1.6, 3.7)). The intervention did not significantly change objectively measured PA. Improvements in general cognition (0.22 (95% CI 0.05, 0.35), memory (0.31 (95% CI 0.10, 0.51) and select cardiovascular outcomes captured as underpinning physiological mechanisms were observed in the MD groups at 24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention was successful in initiating and maintaining dietary behaviour change for up to 12 months which resulted in cognitive benefits. It provides a framework for future complex behaviour change interventions with a range of health and well-being endpoints. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03673722.