Western Diet and Inflammatory Mechanisms in African American Adults With Heart Failure.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to explore associations between the Western diet, dietary inflammatory index, trimethylamine N-oxide, and TNF-α in Black persons with heart failure.
Results Summary
The study found no relationship between dietary inflammatory index, TNF-α, and trimethylamine N-oxide, but noted a positive correlation between trimethylamine N-oxide and age, as well as TNF-α with a moderate effect size. The mean dietary inflammatory index score indicated an anti-inflammatory diet, with slightly higher inflammatory scores in men.
Population
Black adults with heart failure (mean age = 55 years, 68% women).
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
Not specified
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Western diet | increase | inflammation | - | - | is associated with | #1 |
Western diet | increase | heart failure | - | - | contributes to | #2 |
Trimethylamine N-oxide | increase | inflammation | - | - | contributes to | #3 |
Trimethylamine N-oxide | increase | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels | HF populations | - | is associated with higher | #4 |
dietary inflammatory index score | decrease | dietary choline | Black persons with HF | - | showed a negative association with | #5 |
dietary inflammatory index score | no change | trimethylamine N-oxide | Black persons with HF | - | not with | #6 |
dietary inflammatory index score | no change | TNF-α | Black persons with HF | - | not with | #7 |
Trimethylamine N-oxide | increase | age | Black persons with HF | - | positively correlated with | #8 |
TNF-α | increase | age | Black persons with HF | moderate effect size | correlation for | #9 |
dietary inflammatory index | no change | TNF-α | Black persons with HF | - | No relationship was found among | #10 |
dietary inflammatory index | no change | trimethylamine N-oxide | Black persons with HF | - | No relationship was found among | #11 |
increased age | decrease | dietary metabolites | Black adults with HF | - | may affect the retention of | #12 |
Metabolites | increase | inflammation | - | - | may also increase the levels of | #13 |
BACKGROUND: Black adults have a higher risk for heart failure (HF) than others, which may be related to higher cardiovascular risk factors and also inflammatory dietary patterns. The Western diet is associated with inflammation and contributes to HF. Trimethylamine N-oxide is a diet-linked metabolite that contributes to inflammation and is associated with higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, especially in HF populations. The dietary inflammatory index score measures a diet's inflammatory potential and food's inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this pilot study was to explore associations between the Western diet, dietary inflammatory index, trimethylamine N-oxide, relevant covariates and variables, and TNF-α in Black persons with HF. METHODS: Thirty-one Black participants (mean age = 55 years, 68% women) with HF were enrolled. Trimethylamine N-oxide and TNF-α levels were analyzed using immunoassays. A food frequency questionnaire was completed, and dietary inflammatory index scores and food groups were calculated. Analyses included correlations and I-test statistics. RESULTS: Mean dietary inflammatory index score was -0.38, noting an anti-inflammatory diet with slightly higher inflammatory diet scores in men compared to women. The dietary inflammatory index score showed a negative association with dietary choline but not with trimethylamine N-oxide or TNF-α. Trimethylamine N-oxide and age were positively correlated, along with the correlation for TNF-α with a moderate effect size. No relationship was found among dietary inflammatory index, TNF-α, and trimethylamine N-oxide variables. DISCUSSION: A greater understanding of intake of inflammatory foods and relationships with immune factors is warranted to inform intervention development. In Black adults with HF, it is important to consider the intake of inflammatory foods as increased age may affect the retention of dietary metabolites. Metabolites may also increase the levels of inflammation. Knowledge about these relationships could lead to tailored dietary interventions based on diet, age, and culture patterns.