Astaxanthin attenuates glucose-induced liver injury in largemouth bass: role of p38MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to investigate the protective effects of Astaxanthin (ASX) on glucose-induced liver injury and insulin resistance in largemouth bass.
Results Summary
Astaxanthin improved glucose tolerance, reduced liver injury, and ameliorated insulin resistance by regulating the PTP1B/PI3K/Akt and p38MAPK/bcl-2/caspase-3 pathways. It also enhanced cell viability and reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress in hepatocytes.
Population
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Effective Dosage
Not specified
Duration
8 weeks
Interactions
None mentioned
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Astaxanthin (ASX) | increase | various processes | fish | - | exerted beneficial influence | #1 |
high carbohydrate diet (HC) | increase | glucose-induced liver disease | Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) | - | induced | #2 |
HC diet supplemented astaxanthin (HCA) | increase | glucose tolerance | Largemouth bass | - | exhibited an improvement | #3 |
HC diet supplemented astaxanthin (HCA) | no change | insulin resistance-related genes in livers | Largemouth bass | - | did not restore the expression | #4 |
addition of ASX in the long-term HC diet | increase | the insulin resistance pathway | Largemouth bass | - | did improve | #5 |
ASX | increase | glucose homeostasis | Largemouth bass | - | plays an essential role in the modulation | #6 |
ASX treatment | increase | cell viability | primary hepatocytes | - | resulted in an exaltation | #7 |
ASX treatment | decrease | the rate of cell apoptosis | primary hepatocytes | - | resulted in a reduction | #8 |
ASX treatment | decrease | reactive oxygen species (ROS) | primary hepatocytes | - | resulted in a reduction | #9 |
astaxanthin | decrease | apoptosis induced by high-glucose | primary hepatocytes | - | was observed to improve | #10 |
Astaxanthin | decrease | apoptosis | Largemouth bass | - | exhibited a protective effect against | #11 |
Astaxanthin | decrease | insulin resistance | Largemouth bass | - | ameliorated | #12 |
BACKGROUND: Astaxanthin (ASX) has been documented to exert beneficial influence on various processes in fish. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) serves as a common model for studying glucose-induced liver disease, making it imperative to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying its liver health. METHODS: Largemouth bass were fed with a control diet (CON), a high carbohydrate diet (HC), or a HC diet supplemented astaxanthin (HCA) for 8-weeks, followed by the glucose tolerance test (GTT). Primary hepatocytes were treated with low glucose and high glucose combined with different concentrations of astaxanthin for 48 h. The histopathology, enzymology, transcriptomics, molecular biology and cell biology were combined to investigate the mechanism of liver injury. RESULTS: This study provides evidence for the protective effects of ASX against growth performance reduction and hepatic liver injure in largemouth bass fed HC diet. In GTT, HCA diet exhibited an improvement in glucose tolerance following glucose loading. Although HCA diet did not restore the expression of insulin resistance-related genes in livers at different time during the GTT, the addition of ASX in the long-term HC diet did improve the insulin resistance pathway by regulating the PTP1B/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Hepatic transcriptome analyses showed that ASX plays an essential role in the modulation of glucose homeostasis in response to treated with HC diet. In in vitro study, ASX treatment resulted in an exaltation in cell viability and a reduction in the rate of cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, astaxanthin was observed to improve apoptosis induced by high-glucose via p38MAPK/bcl-2/caspase-3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Astaxanthin exhibited a protective effect against apoptosis by regulating p38MAPK/bcl-2/caspase-3 pathway, and ameliorated insulin resistance by activating the PTP1B/PI3K/Akt pathway. This study elucidated the mechanism of astaxanthin in the liver injury of largemouth bass from a new perspective and provided a new target for the treatment of insulin resistance.