Is there a beneficial effect of a high-protein diet on body composition and strength capacity in physical active middle-aged individuals?-An eight-week randomized controlled trial.
Study Goal
The researchers aimed to investigate the influence of a high-protein diet on body composition and performance in physically active middle-aged individuals (40-65 years).
Results Summary
The study found no significant differences in fat-free mass or muscle mass between the high-protein and control groups, with only trivial effects on muscle strength. The authors concluded that a high-protein diet did not provide meaningful benefits for body composition or strength without altering exercise habits.
Population
Middle-aged physically active individuals (40-65 years, mean age ~58 years, BMI ranging from overweight to obese).
Effective Dosage
High-protein group (>2.3 g/kg fat-free mass/day) vs. control group (<2.3 g/kg fat-free mass/day).
Duration
8 weeks.
Interactions
None mentioned.
| Intervention | Direction | Endpoint | Population | Dosage | Impact | Claim # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
high-protein diet | decrease | fat mass | middle-aged physically active persons | Δt=-.83±1.60kg | trivial reduction | #1 |
high-protein diet | no change | fat-free mass | middle-aged physically active persons | - | no significant differences | #2 |
high-protein diet | no change | muscle mass | middle-aged physically active persons | - | no significant differences | #3 |
high-protein diet | increase | upper body strength | middle-aged physically active persons | ΔHPG=4.38±3.25kg | trivial interaction effects | #4 |
high-protein diet | increase | lower body strength | middle-aged physically active persons | ΔHPG=3.33±2.36kg | trivial interaction effects | #5 |
INTRODUCTION: Demographic changes are resulting in a continual increase in the proportion of individuals over 65 years old. Simultaneously, muscle mass (MM) tends to decrease with age, with a decline noticeable from the middle of the fourth decade of life. While physical activity is considered a modulator for maintaining MM, the interaction with nutrient uptake, especially protein intake, is getting more into focus. Due to a lack of data on the effect of a high-protein diet on middle-aged individuals (40-65 years), this study aimed to investigate the influence of a high-protein diet in middle-aged physically active persons on body composition and performance. METHODS: Using stratified randomization, participants were allocated to either a high-protein group (>2.3 g/kg FFM/day) (n = 12, age = 57.83 ± 7.74 years, height = 170.42 cm ± 11.04 cm, BMI = 30.26 ± 4.46, MM = 31.71 ± 6.89 kg) or a control group (<2.3 g/kg/FFM/day) (n = 14, age = 58.21 ± 6.44 years, height = 170.57 cm ± 8.28 cm, BMI = 26.31 ± 5.59, MM = 29.67 ± 8.08 kg). Body composition [fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), MM] and strength were assessed at baseline (T0), after four weeks (T1) and after eight weeks (T2). Exercise habits were not changed over the entire period and dietary habits were recorded using FDDB Explorer. Statistical analysis was performed using the current version of R and linear mixed models. RESULTS: No significant differences in energy intake were found between the groups (p = .974). In macronutrient distribution, a significantly higher consumption of protein was found in the high-protein group (p < .0001, d = 2.22) [140 ± 70 g/day (HPG) vs. 79 ± 40 g/day (CG)]. A trivial reduction in FM over time in both groups (p = .046, d = 0.04, Δt=-.83±1.60kg) was observed. No significant differences were detected in FFM (p = .887) and MM (p = .711). Trivial interaction effects (time*group) were observed for upper (p = .007, d = 0.12, ΔHPG = 4.38 ± 3.25 kg) and lower body strength (p = .0507, d = 0.07, ΔHPG = 3.33 ± 2.36 kg). DISCUSSION: Our results indicate no to only trivial effects of adding a high-protein diet to otherwise physically active middle-aged individuals. Trivial effects could be seen for an increase in muscle strength after this eight-week intervention. However, MM and FFM were not significantly affected. Based on the small effect sizes we observed in our results we do not see a benefit of a high-protein diet on body composition and strength capacity without altering the exercise habits.